Do you think that when the program counts/calculates the number of z's, a's, e's, i's, o's, and u's that the program reads/scans the entire text of the file stored in memory and accessed via the variable st? That is, does it scan the entire text six times, once for each of the letters z, a, e, i, o and u? Or is the text only scanned once by the program rather than six times? Why do you think that? *