Kevin Campbell, MD is a cardiologist at UNC Health Care in Chapel Hill, N.C., and weekly contributor for Fox News and Fox Business. Here, Campbell expands on his thoughts on the recent Friday Feedback that asked healthcare providers: How big a problem are turf wars in medical care and what are some solutions?
Last week, MedPage Today reporter Sarah Wickline Wallan tackled a very controversial issue in medical practice: turf wars.
In her piece, Wallan explored the ongoing battle between dermatologists and AHPs (Allied Health Professionals) over the performance of dermatologic procedures.
As independent NPs and PAs begin to bill for more and more procedures (thus potentially talking revenue away from board certified Dermatologists) specialists are beginning to argue that the AHPs are practicing beyond their scope of practice.
According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, nearly 5 million dermatological procedures were performed by NPs and PAs last year -- this has dermatologists seeking practice limits -- ostensibly to protect "bread and butter" revenue streams from biopsies, skin tag removals and other common office based interventions.
Valued Team Members
First of all, I want to say that AHPs are essential to providing care in the era of the Affordable Care Act. NPs and PAs are able to help meet the needs of underserved areas and do a remarkable job complementing the care of the physicians with which they work. With the rapidly expanded pool of newly insured, as well as the increase in administrative tasks (electronic documentation) assigned to physicians, AHPs must help fill in the gaps and ensure that all patients have access to care.
In my practice we are fortunate to have many well qualified AHPs that assist us in the care of our patients both in the hospital as well as in the office.
We must remember, however, that physicians and AHPs have very different training.
Each professional possesses a unique set of skills and each skill set can complement the others.
Many of us in specialty areas spend nearly a decade in post MD training programs and learn how to care for patients through rigorous round-the-clock shifts during our residency and fellowship years.
In addition, we spend countless hours performing specialized procedures over this time and are closely supervised by senior staff. Most AHPs, in contrast, do not spend time in lengthy residencies and often have limited exposure to specialized procedures. Turf battles have existed for decades and are certainly not limited to Dermatology -- nor or they limited to MDs vs AHPs.
Lessons from Earlier Skirmishes
In cardiology in the late 1990s, for instance, we struggled with turf battles with radiology over the performance of peripheral vascular interventions. In many areas, these battles resulted in limited availability of specialized staff to patients and a lack of integrated care. Ultimately, the patients were the ones who suffered.
Fortunately, in the UNC Healthcare system where I work (as well as others across the country) we have taken a very different approach. After observing inefficiencies and redundancy in the system, several years ago our leadership (under the direction of Cam Patterson, MD) decided to make a change. The UNC Heart and Vascular Center was created -- Vascular surgeons, Cardiologists, Interventional Radiologists, and Cardiothoracic surgeons -- all working under one cooperative umbrella.
Patients are now discussed and treated with a multidisciplinary approach -- electrophysiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons perform hybrid atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, vascular surgeons and interventional Cardiologists discuss the best way to approach a patient with carotid disease -- all working together to produce the BEST outcome for each individual patient.
We have seen patient satisfaction scores improve and we have noted that access to multiple specialty consultations has become much easier to achieve in a timely fashion. Most importantly, communication among different specialties has significantly improved.
Unfortunately, with the advent of the ACA and decreasing reimbursement I suspect that turf battles will continue.
Financial pressures have become overwhelming for many practices and the days of the private practice are limited -- more and more groups will continue to "integrate" with large hospital systems in the coming years. Specialists such as dermatologists and others will continue to (rightly so) protect procedures that provide a revenue stream in order to remain financially viable.
First and Last: Do No Harm
As physicians we must also protect our patients from harm. Physicians spend years of training learning to care for particular disease states and have a greater understanding of procedural related complications than other allied health professionals. with the advent of the ACA, PAs and NPs will play a much larger role in the delivery of care.
While I believe it is essential to increase the utilization of allied health professionals such as NPs and PAs in order to best serve the needs of a growing patient population, I do not believe that they should be allowed to perform complex procedures such as heart catheterizations and pacemaker implantations (I have seen this practice increasing at several major academic institutions).
These procedures should be performed by Fellowship trained physicians who have spent numerous years in training and have learned (under attending supervision) to handle procedural related complications and respond to unexpected developments during a case.
However, I believe that our time will be better spent by working together to improve efficiency of care, quality of care and integration of care. NPs and PAs are going to be a critical component to health care delivery as we continue to adapt to the new (and ever changing) ACA mandates.
We must put patients FIRST -- turf battles and squabbles amongst healthcare providers will only limit our ability to provide outstanding, efficient care. Let's put the most qualified person in the procedure room -- and make sure that ultimately patients get exactly what they need.