Urgekcn"Kuuwg"Ctvkeng"̋"FQK<"320469:1x32424/234/2239/7"""PLOT"̋"5*4+"̋"4235"̋"94/:3
IDEAL WORKERS AND SUSPECTS:
Employers’ Politics of Recognition
and the Migrant Division of Care Labour in Finland
Abstract
Vjg"ctvkeng"gzrnqtgu"vjg"gogtikpi"okitcpv"fkxkukqp"qh"ectg"ncdqwt"kp"Hkpncpf0"
Ftcykpi" qp" uvcvkuvkecn" fcvc." kv" Ýtuv" fkuewuugu" jqy" vjg" uqekcn" cpf" jgcnvj" ectg"
ugevqt" ku" kpetgcukpin{" tgn{kpi" qp" hqtgkip/dqtp" yqtmgtu0" Vjgp." ftcykpi" qp"
swcnkvcvkxg"fcvc"cpf"Pcpe{"HtcugtÓu"rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp."vjg"ctvkeng"cpcn{ugu"
jqy" Hkppkuj" gornq{gtu" tgeqipkug" okitcpvu" cu" rqvgpvkcn" yqtmgtu0" Cnvjqwij"
gornq{gtu"uggm"vq"tgukuv"guugpvkcnkukpi"fkhhgtgpegu."okitcpv"ectg"yqtmgtu"ctg"
tgeqipkugf" cu" fkhhgtgpv" htqo" vjg" pqto" fwg" vq" vjgkt" okitcpe{." vjcv" ku." uqekcn"
uvcvwu" cu" okitcpvu0"Vjgtg" ku" cp" kpjgtgpv" fwcnkuo" qh" dgkpi" kfgcn" cpf" uwurgev"
ukownvcpgqwun{" vjcv" hwpevkqpu" cu" c" rtcevkeg" vq" rctvkcnn{" kpenwfg" okitcpv"
gornq{ggu"kp"yqtm/rncegu"fgÝpgf"d{"vjg"pqto"qh"Hkppkujpguu0"
Lena Näre
Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Jgnukpmk."Hkpncpf
Keywords
okitcvkqp"̋"fkxkukqp"qh"ectg"ncdqwt"̋"rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp"̋"uqekcn"cpf"jgcnvj"ectg"̋"gnfgt"ectg"
̋"Hkpncpf
Tgegkxgf"7"Lwn{"4234="Ceegrvgf"37"Crtkn"4235
1
Introduction
Cnvjqwij"vjg"pwodgt"qh"hqtgkip"yqtmgtu"kp"jgcnvj"ectg"qeewrcvkqpu"kp"
Hkpncpf"ku"tgncvkxgn{"uocnn."vjgtg"ku"gxkfgpeg"qh"cp"gogtikpi"okitcpv"
fkxkukqp"qh"ectg"ncdqwt"kp"vjg"ecrkvcn"ekv{"qh"Jgnukpmk03"Vjku"vtgpf"ku"hgf"
d{"c"rgtegrvkqp"vjcv"okitcpv"yqtmgtu"ctg"cp"cpuygt"vq"vjg"rtqdngou"
qh"vjg"Hkppkuj"ygnhctg"uvcvg."vjcv"ku."vjg"ectg"fgÝekv"ecwugf"d{"cigkpi"
rqrwncvkqp"cpf"yqtugpkpi"fgrgpfgpe{"tcvkq0
Vjku" ctvkeng" jcu" c" vyq/hqnf" cko<" Ýtuvn{." vq" gzrnqtg" vjg" gogtikpi"
fkxkukqp"qh"ectg"ncdqwt"kp"Hkpncpf"cpf"Jgnukpmk"d{"ftcykpi"qp"uvcvkuvkecn"
gornq{ogpv" fcvc0" Vjg" ugeqpf" cko" ku" vq" kpxguvkicvg" jqy" Hkppkuj"
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kpvgtxkgyu"ykvj"gornq{gtu"htqo"owpkekrcn"cpf"rtkxcvg"ugevqtu0"
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tgeqipkug"okitcpvu"cu"gornq{cdng"yqtmhqteg0"O{"gpfgcxqwt"jgtg"ku"
vq" wvknkug" HtcugtÓu" rqnkvkecn" vjgqt{" qh" tgeqipkvkqp" cu" c" htcogyqtm" vq"
fkuewuu"cp"gorktkecn"rjgpqogpqp."vjcv"ku."jqy"rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp"
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Yar 4233+0"Jgpeg."vjg"cko"ku"pqv"vq"gpicig"kp"c"pqtocvkxg"fkuewuukqp"
tgictfkpi"vjg"rqnkvkecn"vjgqt{"qh"tgeqipkvkqp0
Vjg" ctvkeng" ku" qticpkugf" cu" hqnnqyu0" K" uvctv" d{" qwvnkpkpi" vjg"
vjgqtgvkecn" eqpegrvu" vjcv" jcxg" iwkfgf" o{" cpcn{uku" hqnnqygf" d{" c"
rtgugpvcvkqp" qh" vjg" gorktkecn" fcvc" cpf" vjg" tgugctej" eqpvgzv0" K" vjgp"
fkuewuu"vjg"gorktkecn"Ýpfkpiu"cpf"rtgugpv"eqpenwukqpu0
2 Migrant Divisions of Labour and the Politics
of Recognition
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uvcvg" eqpvgzvu." kpenwfkpi" umknngf" okitcpv" ncdqwtgtu" cpf" pwtugu."
kp" rctvkewnct" *ugg" g0i0." Ecpikcpq" gv" cn0" 422;=" Eqppgnn" 422:;
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,"G/ockn<"ngpc0pctgBjgnukpmk0Ý
Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
72
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yj{"K"eqpukfgt"dqvj"crrtqcejgu"wughwn0
3
Empirical Data
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Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
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4
The Emerging Migrant Divisions of Care
L abour in Finland and in the City of Helsinki
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Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
74
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5
Employers’ Politics of Recognition
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okitcpe{"swkvg"gcukn{"cpf"ykvjqwv"rtqdkpi0"Cnn"vjg"kpvgtxkgyggu"vjgp"
citggf"ykvj"vjg"kfgc"vjcv"vjgtg"ctg"fkhhgtgpegu"dgvyggp"Hkppkuj"cpf"
okitcpv"yqtmgtu0
Kp"ocp{"ecugu"vjg"kpvgtxkgyggu"eqwnf"gzrtguu"codkiwkv{"vqyctfu"
guugpvkcnkuv" itqwr" fkhhgtgpegu" cpf" cempqyngfig" vjg" gzkuvgpeg" qh"
fkhhgtgpegu"kp"vjg"ucog"dtgcvj."cu"ku"knnwuvtcvgf"d{"vjg"hqnnqykpi"swqvg"
htqo"vjg"kpvgtxkgy"qh"c"jgcf"pwtug<""
I cannot divide [people] into two. I think there are good, and then
there are challenging Finns exactly the same way [as foreigners],
the nationality does not have an effect. But I myself I have been
(…) teaching these migrant students (…) and yes they are kind
of nicer and easier to the superior and maybe you could say that
they are kinder. But I wouldn’t say that Finns, I cannot divide in
two, the nationality does not bring [any difference] to it. *K32+
75
UkipkÝecpvn{."vjg"jgcf"pwtug"uggmu"vq"tghwvg"ukornkuvke"tgeqipkvkqp"
qh"itqwr/dcugf"fkhhgtgpegu."cpf"gzrnkekvn{"tghwugu"pcvkqpcnkv{/dcugf"
encuukÝecvkqpu0" Vjku" kpkvkcn" tghwucn" ku" jqygxgt" eqpvtcfkevgf" kp" vjg"
pgzv" ugpvgpeg" yjgp" ujg" etgcvgu" c" fkhhgtgpeg" dcugf" qp" okitcpe{"
d{"rqkpvkpi"qwv"vjcv"uvwfgpvu"ykvj"c"okitcvkqp"dcemitqwpf"ctg"qhvgp"
gcukgt"cpf"pkegt"vq"vjg"uwrgtkqt"vjcp"Hkppu0"
Hqt"ocp{"gornq{gtu"vjg"swguvkqp"qh"fkhhgtgpeg"ycu"uq"qtfkpct{"
vjcv"kv"ycu"kp"uqog"ecugu"dtqwijv"wr"d{"vjg"kpvgtxkgyggu"gxgp"dghqtg"
vjg"swguvkqp"ycu"rqugf<
Q: Can you tell me about your experiences…
A [interrupts]: What do you want to hear, many ask how do
they differ? I have always been asked if there is something
[different].
Q: Ok so I’ll ask that.
A: Well, yes they differ. What I have noticed is that the
relationship to the elderly is completely, or it is often different,
Table 1. Percentage of foreigners in Social and Health Sector (SHS) in
Finland in 2009
Foreigners
Fqevqtu
509
Fgpvkuvu."fgpvcn"j{ikgpkuvu
30;
Tgikuvgtgf"pwtugu."okfykxgu"gve0
20;
Jgcf"pwtugu
2
Yctf"pwtugu
203
Qvjgt"jgcnvj"ugevqt"urgekcnkuvu
306
Jqurkvcn"ckfu."pwtuguÓ"ckfu
6
Practical nurses
30:
Dental nurses
302
Uqekcn"ugevqt"urgekcnkuvu
208
Uqekcn"kpuvtwevqtu
303
Jqog"ckfu"cpf"ectg"cuukuvcpvu"
305
Rgtuqpcn"cuukuvcpv."gve/"
404
Uqekcn"cuukuvcpvu"
402
Ejknf"ectgtu"cpf"pwtugt{"ckfu"
403
Cleaners
35
Kitchen helpers
60;
Mkpfgt"ictfgp"vgcejgtu
302
Vqvcn
506
Source: Statistics Finland, Employment Statistics, 2009
Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
cp{"equv0"Vjku"tguqpcvgu"cnuq"ykvj"vjg"uvcvgogpv"d{"vjg"jgcf"pwtug."
ceeqtfkpi" vq" yjkej" okitcpv" yqtmgtu" ctg" mkpfgt" cpf" gcukgt" hqt" vjg"
gornq{gt." vjcv" ku." ocnngcdng" cpf" eqornkcpv" ncdqwt0" Ukoknct" Ýpfkpiu"
jcxg" dggp" ocfg" kp" vjg" Wpkvgf" Mkpifqo" kp" tgncvkqp" vq" nqy/umknngf"
ncdqwt"octmgvu"kp"igpgtcn"*Fgpej"gv"cn0"4228; Wills et al. 4233+"cpf"
kp"tgncvkqp"vq"ectg"ncdqwt"kp"rctvkewnct"*Ecpikcpq"gv"cn0"4233+0"Vjgug"
rgtegkxgf"ejctcevgtkuvkeu."kpenwfkpi"vjg"ÒkppcvgÓ"tgurgev"hqt"qnf"rgqrng"
cpf" Þgzkdknkv{." ocmg" okitcpv" yqtmgtu" kp" ocp{" yc{u" ideal" yqtmgtu"
qt"‘wanted workers’ cu"qpg"qh"vjg"kpvgtxkgyggu"rwv"kv"*K35+"*ugg"cnuq"
Icxcpcu"4235+
Jcxkpi"vq"{kgnf"vq"kpetgcukpi"Þgzkdknkv{"fgocpfu"ku"c"ocpkhguvcvkqp"
qh"vjg"okitcpvuÓ"uvtwevwtcnn{"wpgswcn"rqukvkqp"kp"vjg"ncdqwt"octmgvu0"
Vjg" gornq{gtuÓ" okutgeqipkvkqp" qh" okitcpvu" cu" fkhhgtgpv" vq" Hkppu"
tgkphqtegu"vjg"uqekcn"uwdlwicvkqp"qh"okitcpvu"kp"vjg"yqtm"rncegu0"Vjg"
rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp"dcugf"qp"okitcpe{"ku"vjgp"enqugn{"eqppgevgf"
vq" ocnfkuvtkdwvkqp." vq" vjg" hcev" vjcv" okitcpv" yqtmgtu" ecp" dg" gcukn{"
gzrnqkvcdng"kp"yqtm"*Htcugt"3;;9+0"
I don’t say completely. Often different, that it is respectful. And
now I generalise, because there can be exceptions and so.
*K35+
Ocp{" kpvgtxkgyggu" eqpÝtogf" vjku" pqvkqp" vjcv" okitcpv" yqtmgtu"
ctg"oqtg"tgurgevhwn"vqyctfu"qnfgt"rgqrng0"Vjku"ycu"uvcvgf"kp"ocp{"
kpvgtxkgyu"cu"c"swcnkv{"yjkej"dtkpiu"ÒtkejpguuÓ"vq"vjg"yqtmrnceg"cpf"
cu"uqogvjkpi"yjkej"Hkppu"eqwnf"ngctp"htqo"*K5="K:="K9="K;="K32+0"Vjg"
rgtegrvkqp"vjcv"okitcpvu"ctg"oqtg"tgurgevhwn"vqyctfu"ectg/tgegkxgtu"
tguqpcvgu" ykvj" Ýpfkpiu" htqo" vjg" Wpkvgf" Mkpifqo" *Ecpikcpq" gv" cn0"
422;<";5+0"Vjku"mkpf"qh"rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp"ku"cp"gzcorng"qh"yjcv"
Htcugt" jcu" vgtogf" fkhhgtgpegu" yjkej" ogtkv" tgxcnwcvkqp." vjcv" ku." vjg"
Òxkgy"vjcv"vjg"fkhhgtgpegu"vjcv"ogodgtu"qh"qrrtguugf"itqwru"gxkpeg"
ctg"octmu"qh"vjgkt"ewnvwtcn"uwrgtkqtkv{"qxgt"vjgkt"qrrtguuqtuÓ"*Htcugt"
3;;7<"3:2+0"
Cpqvjgt"ejctcevgtkuvke"vjcv"ycu"dtqwijv"wr"kp"vjg"kpvgtxkgyu"ycu"
vjg"hcev"vjcv"okitcpv"yqtmgtu"ctg"oqtg"eqookvvgf"vq"vjgkt"yqtm."oqtg"
Þgzkdng"cpf"jcxg"c"igpgtcnn{"dgvvgt"yqtm"gvjke"vjcp"Hkppu<"
6
I am happy to take, I like migrant background ]rgqrng̲. they are
kp"oquv"ecugu"*È+"vjg{"jcxg"Þgzkdknkv{0"Vjg{"jcxg"Þgzkdknkv{"kp"c"
different way, they really have, and they want to do the job. (…)
But of course you can see in the migrant background ]rgqrng̲
that they might not have got the job so easily than a Finn gets the
lqd."uq"kv"ujqyu"kp"c"fkhhgtgpv"yc{"vjgp0"VjcvÓu"yj{"vjg"Þgzkdknkv{"
can be found there so wonderfully. I think it’s really wonderful to
see (…) from the perspective of the employer we at least want,
we very much want to acknowledge these migrant background
people."*K36+"
Intersecting Inequalities: Migrant Workers
as Suspect
Cu"tgugctej"qp"okitcpv"yqtmgtuÓ"*Hqtucpfgt"4224+"cpf"okitcpv"pwtuguÓ"
gornq{ogpv"kp"Hkpncpf"*Pkgokpgp"4233+"cpf"kp"vjg"Wpkvgf"Mkpifqo"
jcu"ujqyp"*Ecpikcpq"gv"cn0"422;="Fgpej"gv"cn0"4228+."ncpiwcig"umknnu"
ku" c" mg{" kuuwg" kp" tgncvkqp" vq" okitcpvuÓ" ceeguu" vq" gornq{ogpv0"Cnuq"
kp" vjku" tgugctej." ncemkpi" ncpiwcig" umknnu" ycu" ogpvkqpgf" d{" cnn" vjg"
kpvgtxkgyggu"cu"vjg"ockp"fkhhgtgpeg"ejctcevgtkukpi"okitcpv"yqtmgtu<
Yes all people are different. But the biggest difference might
be these language skills. And this I think is the most important
fkhhgtgpeg."yjkej"kpÞwgpegu"jqy"yg"tgetwkv0"Vjcv"qpg"ujqwnf"dg"
able to talk Finnish because our residents are in any case… you
should be able to communicate with them."*K;+
Kp" vjku" rctvkewnctn{" ecpfkf" uvcvgogpv." vjg" gornq{gt" tgxgcnu" ygnn"
jqy" vjg" okitcpv" yqtmgtuÓ" ygcmgt" rqukvkqp" cpf" vjg" fkuetkokpcvkqp"
vjg{"gpeqwpvgt"kp"vjg"Hkppkuj"ncdqwt"octmgvu"ngcfu"vq"swcnkvkgu"yjkej"
htqo"vjg"gornq{gtuÓ"rgturgevkxg"ctg"xgt{"cvvtcevkxg<"dgkpi"Þgzkdng"cv"
Table 2. Foreign nationals in different health sector professions in 2000 and 2009 in percentages in Finland
Foreign nationals
% of all 2000
% of all 2009
Fqevqtu
30:
509
Tgikuvgtgf"pwtugu."okfykxgu"gve0
205
20;
Yctf"pwtugu
202
203
Jqurkvcn"ckfu."pwtuguÓ"ckfu
20;
6
Practical nurses
207
30:
Source: Statistics Finland, Employment Statistics, 2009
Table 3. Percentage of foreigners in social and health sector (SHS), in elderly care and in the employment in the City of Helsinki 2001-2009
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Hqtgkipgtu"
kp"UJU
409
502
502
507
50:
605
60:
708
803
Hqtgkipgtu"
kp"gnfgtn{"ectg"
407
502
506
602
60:
70;
904
;02
3207
Hqtgkipgtu"
qh"cnn"gornq{gf0
50:
602
603
606
60:
705
802
809
80;
Source: Statistics Finland
Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
76
Vjg"kfgc"qh"ncemkpi"ncpiwcig"umknnu"ycu"vjgp"pqv"qpn{"cp"ghhgevkxg"
yc{"vq"lwuvkh{"fkuetkokpcvkqp"kp"gornq{ogpv"*Qncmkxk"4235+."dwv"cnuq"c"
yc{"vq"ngikvkokug"owej"oqtg"hwpfcogpvcn"gzenwukqp0"Eqpukfgt"jqy"c"
ocpcigt"qh"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{"cpuygtu"vjg"swguvkqp"qh"yjgvjgt"
vjg{"gornq{"yqtmgtu"ykvj"c"okitcpv"dcemitqwpf<
When the average age of our clients is 84 years, they are very
old, it is extremely important that the employee speaks good
Finnish and that ]u1jg̲"is understood *È+ we cannot think that we
employ someone who does not speak Finnish properly. (…) and
we are also asked if the workers are Finnish.
Q: So the clients ask?
A: Yes and the relatives. It’s also an important aspect for them.
(…) and if we think about our current clients, whose average
age is 84 years, it is quite understandable that they ask if the
worker is Finnish or their relatives. They are the generation who
have seen the war (…) some of the war veterans and others ask
that they aren’t Russian or anything, they still have those strong
experiences there."*K3+"
Ugxgtcn"korqtvcpv"kuuwgu"ctg"knnwuvtcvgf"kp"vjku"swqvg0"Hktuvn{."vjgtg"
ku"vjg"pqvkqp"qh"urgcmkpi"Hkppkuj"properly"cpf"jcxkpi"good"Hkppkuj"
umknnu." yjkej" ku" c" jkijn{" uwdlgevkxg" ocvvgt0" Kp" hcev." qvjgt" tgugctej"
jcu"ujqyp"vjcv"ogtgn{"jcxkpi"c"ÒhqtgkipÓ"ceegpv"ecp"dg"wugf"cu"cp"
ghÝekgpv"ogcpu"vq"ÒfqÓ"kpgswcnkv{"kp"yqtm"*P“tg"("Engncpf"4234+"cpf"
vq" fkuetkokpcvg" kp" gornq{ogpv" *Cjocf" 4227+0" Ugeqpfn{." vjku" swqvg"
knnwuvtcvgu"ygnn"jqy"vjg"swguvkqp"qh"ncemkpi"rtqrgt"Hkppkuj"umknnu"gcukn{"
vtcpuhqtou"kpvq"c"tgswktgogpv"qh"c"urgekÝe"gvjpkekv{."yjkej"jcu"pqvjkpi"
vq"fq"ykvj"umknnu0"D{"fgocpfkpi"vjcv"vjg"okitcpv"yqtmgt"jcu"pq"ÒhqtgkipÓ"
ceegpv."vjg"yqtmgtu"ctg"kp"hcev"tgswktgf"vq"dg"gvjpke"Hkppu0"Vjktfn{."vjg"
tgswktgogpv"qh"gvjpke"Hkppkuj"pwtugu"ku"lwuvkÝgf"d{"gorjcukukpi"vjg"
qnf"cig"qh"vjg"enkgpvu"cpf"vjgkt"gzrgtkgpegu"qxgt"72"{gctu"ciq"fwtkpi"
vjg"Ugeqpf"Yqtnf"Yct0"Kp"vjku"yc{."cp{"gornq{ogpv"fkuetkokpcvkqp"
qh" hqtgkip/dqtp" yqtmgtu" ecp" dg" lwuvkÝgf" ykvj" vjg" rgtegkxgf" tcekuo"
qh"vjg"qnf"enkgpvu0"Vjgug"ceeqwpvu"fgoqpuvtcvg"jqy"vjg"fgocpf"hqt"
ncpiwcig"umknnu"Î"gurgekcnn{"yjgp"kpenwfkpi"c"fgocpf"hqt"c"egtvckp"
ceegpv"/"ecp"qrgtcvg"cu"c"hqto"qh"gvjpke"fkuetkokpcvkqp0"
Vjg"tcekuo"qh"vjg"ectg"tgegkxgtu"ycu"cnuq"dtqwijv"wr"kp"cpqvjgt"
kpvgtxkgy"ykvj"c"jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"qh"c"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{"
yjq"urqmg"cdqwv"c"tgegpv"jktg"qh"vjg"Ýtuv"Òdncem"ocpÓ"kp"vjg"eqorcp{"
cu"hqnnqyu<
M. has been working with us over a week and he is a man and
he is completely black, so… hmmm… I have had to work with
our client, one demented old person had not opened the door
for him (…) and we get that feedback, so people also have
prejudices, and we have rich elderly people, who are used to
certain (ironically) that if a man comes, let alone dark skinned
man then it’s really… but as I say to our employees that all the
clients are equally important and valuable, the same way I say to
our clients that all our employees are, that I cannot discriminate
any of my employees because he is a man or because he is
dark skinned. (…) But I cannot be smoothing out the path of one
person all the time either0"*K5+
Vjku" swqvg" cnuq" rqkpvu" vqyctfu" kpvgtugevkqpcn" fkhhgtgpegu" ykvjkp"
vjg" ecvgiqt{" qh" Òokitcpv" yqtmgtÓ" cu" ygnn" cu" Òvjg" gnfgtn{" enkgpvÓ<" tkej"
enkgpvu" ctg" wugf" vq" jcxkpi" c" ejqkeg" kp" tgictf" vq" vjgkt" ectgikxgtu." c"
ejqkeg"pqv"pgeguuctkn{"itcpvgf"vq"enkgpvu"ykvj"nguugt"geqpqoke"ogcpu0"
Oqtgqxgt."vjg"jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigtÓu"gorjcuku"qp"vjg"yqtmgtÓu"
77
ugz."cpf"ÒtcegÓ"kornkgu"vjcv"vjg"fkuetkokpcvkqp"jg"ku"gpeqwpvgtkpi"ku"
dcugf" kpvgtugevkqpcnn{" qp" jku" igpfgt" cpf" tceg0" Cu" kp" vjg" rtgxkqwu"
swqvg."cnuq"kp"vjku"qpg."vjg"gornq{gtu"tgxgcngf"vjcv"vjg{"ecppqv"fq"
owej" vq" ejcpig" vjg" tcekuv" cvvkvwfgu" qh" qnfgt" rgqrng0" Cnvjqwij" vjg"
gornq{gt"jcu"vjg"iqqfyknn"vjcv"gxgt{qpg"ujqwnf"tgurgev"gcej"qvjgt."
ujg"ku"tgnwevcpv"vq"vcmg"cp{"ukipkÝecpv"ogcuwtgu"vq"jgnr"vjg"yqtmgt"
yjq"jcu"gpeqwpvgtgf"tcekuo0"Kv"ku"vjgp"vjg"gornq{gg"yjq"jcu"vq"dgct"
vjg"tgurqpukdknkv{"cpf"vjg"dwtfgp"qh"dgkpi"fkhhgtgpv"qp"jku"qyp0
Cpcn{ukpi"vjg"kpvgtxkgygguÓ"rqnkvkeu"qh"tgeqipkvkqp"cnuq"tgxgcngf"
oqtg"kornkekv"hqtou"qh"gzenwukqp0"Kv"ycu"engct"htqo"vjg"kpvgtxkgyu"vjcv"
the norm"cpf"vjg"vcmgp/hqt/itcpvgf"rqkpv"qh"tghgtgpeg"ku"vjg"Hkppkuj"
pwtug" cpf" vjg" Hkppkuj" yqtmrnceg0" Vjg" ÒwuÓ" ctg" vjg" Hkppu." cpf" vjg"
qvjgt"ku"vjg"okitcpv<
In the end I don’t know. Of course they are usually very respectful
to our residents, but so are also our own [laughs] or Finnish
nurses, they also are respectful. (…) I think that the more of them
there are here, you don’t think about it anymore (I11, emphasis
added).
Cnvjqwij" cickp" vjg" gornq{gt" Ýtuv" uggou" vq" tgukuv" vjg" kfgc" qh"
czkqocvke"fkhhgtgpegu"dgvyggp"Hkppu"cpf"okitcpvu."ujg"pgxgtvjgnguu"
gpfu" wr" eqpuvtwevkpi" c" hwpfcogpvcn" fkejqvqo{" dgvyggp" wu" cpf"
vjgo."our own"Hkppkuj"pwtugu"cpf"vjg"hqtgkip"pwtugu0"Ujg"eqpvkpwgu"
qp"vjg"uwdlgev"qh"fkhhgtgpeg<"
The question of language skills is one of those ]urgekcn"kuuwgu̲0
We have an ongoing Finnish language course, and although one
would learn to speak, then also the writing, because we have so
much documentation, so it is challenging, and probably burdens,
or not probably, but does in fact burden our"rgtocpgpv"uvchh in the
units, until these, learn, these foreigners. *K33."gorjcuku"cffgf+
Vjku" swqvg" knnwuvtcvgu" ygnn" vjg" gzenwukqpct{" fkxkfg" dgvyggp"
rgtocpgpv" Hkppkuj" uvchh" cpf" vgorqtct{" hqtgkip" uvchh=" cnvjqwij" kp"
vjg" ectg" jqog." hqtgkip" dcemitqwpf" yqtmgtu" ygtg" cnuq" gornq{gf"
rgtocpgpvn{0""
Oqtgqxgt."vjg"uwdvng"hqtou"qh"gzenwukqp"ygtg"tgxgcngf"kp"vjg"yc{u"
vjg"gornq{gtu"tgeqipkugf"fkhhgtgpv"itqwru"qh"rgqrng"cu"gornq{cdng<""
As I said we have many kinds: we have pensioners, we have
students, we have these life style temps, who choose when
to work. (...) And then if we talk about migrants, we are a big
employer of migrants (…) so in general if you think about
temporary work and migrants, it depends a lot on, how could I
say, just as Finns, anybody, we are all different, that temporary
work is for anyone a challenging job because the job place
always changes (…) you are always new. This of course means
that the language skills need to be good. In temping work you are
no longer taught the job, (…) then as a catering worker, as a chef,
you have to have chef’s education, in catering it’s enough that
you have experience (…) And home care has its own challenges.
You have to have very good language skills, because you are
completely alone."*K6+"
Vgnnkpin{." vjg" ecvgiqtkgu" qh" ÒrgpukqpgtÓ." ÒuvwfgpvÓ" cpf" Ònkhg" uv{ng"
vgorÓ"ctg"cnn"wpfgtuvqqf"cu"qeewrkgf"d{"pcvkxg"Hkppu."yjkej"ukipkÝgu"
vjcv" qpg" ku" gornq{cdng" cpf" d{" fgÝpkvkqp" eqorgvgpv" *ugg" Fcjng" ("
Uggdgti" 4235+0" D{" vjg" ucog" vqmgp." vjg" ecvgiqt{" qh" ÒokitcpvÓ" ku"
cwvqocvkecnn{"uwurgev"cpf"qpn{"eqpfkvkqpcnn{"gornq{cdng<"qpn{"kh"vjg"
okitcpvu"mpqy"vjg"ncpiwcig"cpf"jcxg"vjg"pgeguuct{"etgfgpvkcnu0"
Unauthenticated | 208.184.147.254
Download Date | 8/10/13 11:25 PM
Kp" uwo." okitcpe{" cu" c" uqekcn" ecvgiqt{" eqogu" ykvj" uwurkekqp<"
okitcpvu" ctg" uwurgevgf" qh" ncemkpi" umknnu" cpf" swcnkÝecvkqpu0" Pqv"
qpn{" ctg" okitcpv" yqtmgtu" not" tgeqipkugf" cu" rggtu" *Htcugt" 4223+."
dwv" vjg{" ctg" tgeqipkugf" cu" a priori" uwurgevu0" Dgkpi" uwurgevgf" a
priori"ku"c"ocpkhguvcvkqp"qh"c"rgtegrvkqp"qh"kttgxgtukdng"qvjgtpguu<"c"
hqto"qh"structural misrecognition."yjkej"iqgu"dg{qpf"vjg"kpfkxkfwcn"
kpvgtcevkqp0"
7
Conclusions
Kp" vjku" ctvkeng" K" jcxg" wugf" vjg" dguv" cxckncdng" uvcvkuvkeu" kp" qtfgt" vq"
cpcn{ug" jqy" ectg" yqtm" ku" dgeqokpi" inqecnkugf" kp" Hkpncpf0" K" jcxg"
fgoqpuvtcvgf" vjcv" c" pgy" fkxkukqp" qh" ectg" ncdqwt" ku" gogtikpi" kp"
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Migration Studies"cpf"Sociology0
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3
4
5
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78
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80
Appendix: List of interviewees
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K40"Ocpcikpi"fktgevqt"qh"c"rtkxcvg"jqog"ectg"eqorcp{."3304042330
K50"Jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"qh"c"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{.";05042330
K60"Jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"qh"c"owpkekrcn"tgetwkvogpv"cpf"vgorkpi"eqorcp{."3905042330
K70"Jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"qh"c"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{."3308042330
K80"Yctf"pwtug"kp"c"rwdnke"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog."53032042330
K90"Yctf"pwtug"kp"c"rwdnke"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog."53032042330
K:0"Yctf"pwtug"kp"c"rwdnke"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog.":033042330
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K320"Jgcf"pwtug"kp"c"rwdnke"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog."43033042330
K330"Ocpcigt"qh"rwdnke"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog."603042340
K340"Jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"kp"c"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{."804042340
K350"Ocpcigt"qh"c"rtkxcvg"gnfgtn{"ectg"jqog."905042340
K360"Jwocp"tguqwteg"ocpcigt"kp"c"rtkxcvg"ectg"eqorcp{."3505042340
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