KEYSTONE / Module 9 / Slideshow 2 / Qualitative Research and Ethnography: Overlaps and Distinctions
KEYSTONE HPSR Initiative // Module 9: Ethnography // Slideshow 2: Qualitative Research and Ethnography: Overlaps and Distinctions This is the second slideshow of Module 9: Ethnography, of the KEYSTONE Teaching and Learning Resources for Health Policy and Systems Research To access video sessions and slides for all modules copy and past the following link in your browser: http://bit.ly/25vVVp1 Module 9: Ethnography The ethnographic approach offers a unique research space to better understand context (political, social, institutional, and historical) of health policies and policy formulation; and how these policies are translated and come alive in health systems. This approach lends itself well for a nuanced analysis of the relationships between power, knowledge and practice in health systems. In this module the (a) roots of ethnographic approach, (b) distinguishing ethnography per se from qualitative research; (c) ethnographic approach and health systems as social institutions & (d) ethical issues and rigour are explored. There are 4 slideshows in this module. Module 9: Ethnography Module 9 Slideshow 1: Ethnography Module 9 Slideshow 2: Qualitative Research and Ethnography: Overlaps and Distinctions Module 9 Slideshow 3: Health Systems Ethnography Module 9 Slideshow 4: Ethnographic approach: Rigour & Ethics The other modules in this series are: Module 1: Introducing Health Systems & Health Policy Module 2: Social justice, equity & gender Module 3: System complexity Module 4: Health Policy and Systems Research frameworks Module 5: Economic analysis Module 6: Policy analysis Module 7: Realist evaluation Module 8: Systems thinking Module 10: Implementation research Module 11: Participatory action research Module 12: Knowledge translation Module 13: Preparing a Research Plan KEYSTONE is a collective initiative of several Indian health policy and systems research (HPSR) organizations to strengthen national capacity in HPSR towards addressing critical needs of health systems and policy development. KEYSTONE is convened by the Public Health Foundation of India in its role as Nodal Institute of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (AHPSR). The inaugural KEYSTONE short course was conducted in New Delhi from 23 February – 5 March 2015. In the process of delivering the inaugural course, a suite of teaching and learning materials were developed under Creative Commons license, and are being made available as open access resources. The KEYSTONE teaching and learning resources include 38 videos and 32 slide presentations organized into 13 modules. These materials cover foundational concepts, common approaches used in HPSR, and guidance for preparing a research plan. These resources were created and are made available through support and funding from the Alliance for Health Policy & Systems Research (AHPSR), WHO for the KEYSTONE initiative.
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KEYSTONE / Module 9 / Slideshow 2 / Qualitative Research and Ethnography: Overlaps and Distinctions
- 1. https://twitter.com/KeystoneHPSR Building the HPSR CommunityBuilding HPSR Capacity KEYSTONE Inaugural KEYSTONE Course on Health Policy and Systems Research 2015 Qualitative Research & Ethnography: Overlaps and Distinctions
- 2. Qualitative research & Ethnography Overlaps and distinctions
- 3. Ethnography involves use of qualitative methods of data collection and collecting qualitative data. It occupies an end of a spectrum of qualitative research methods Beyond this, differences far outweigh the overlaps In certain senses differences are in degrees Qualitative research and qualitative research methodology
- 4. Cross sectional, one-time study rather than long term, iterative study No time is spent on rapport building Issue of obtrusiveness or reactivity not addressed Selection rather than holism 3/18/2016 N. Nakkeeran, IIPHG 4 Non in-depth methods
- 5. A-priori conceptualization and more or less well defined research questions. Focus is on specific phenomenon of concern, divorced from its context Requires early systematization of data collection Risk of being anecdotal or journalistic Often framework based terminal analysis Tendency to quantify But in ethnography the conventional idea of ‘sample’ is untenable for a number reasons
- 6. Supreme importance to observation and informal interviews Central role of ethnographer The very process of knowing reconstitutes reality Epistemological differences Ethnography
- 7. Interview continuum Informal - Unstructured – Semi-structured – Structured Increasing degree of control over the responses 73/18/2016 N. Nakkeeran, IIPHG
- 8. Informal interview • Total lack of structure or control (Everything is negotiable, an informant is free to treat a question as s/he likes) • No written set of questions • Conducted usually in natural settings • No formal role of the interrogator • Used largely in initial phase • Helps to establish rapport • Requires constant jotting. • May get progressively more focused 3/18/2016 N. Nakkeeran, IIPHG 8
- 9. Some additional points • Informant vs. respondent • Interview / discussion guide vs. interview schedule • Importance of understanding type of qualitative data
- 10. Open Access Policy KEYSTONE commits itself to the principle of open access to knowledge. In keeping with this, we strongly support open access and use of materials that we created for the course. While some of the material is in fact original, we have drawn from the large body of knowledge already available under open licenses that promote sharing and dissemination. In keeping with this spirit, we hereby provide all our materials (wherever they are already not copyrighted elsewhere as indicated) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This work is ‘Open Access,’ published under a creative commons license which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and use the materials as long as you clearly attribute the work to the KEYSTONE course (suggested attribution: Copyright KEYSTONE Health Policy & Systems Research Initiative, Public Health Foundation of India and KEYSTONE Partners, 2015), that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form and that you in no way alter, transform or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without express permission of the author and the publisher of this volume. Furthermore, for any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. This means that you can: read and store this document free of charge distribute it for personal use free of charge print sections of the work for personal use read or use parts or whole of the work in a context where no financial transactions take place gain financially from the work in anyway sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution of the work use the work in any commercial activity of any kind distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception of academic usage within educational institutions such as schools and universities However, you cannot: