“The Last Farewell” Traces of Physical Presence 永訣の朝 肉筆原稿 身体の痕跡

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永訣の朝 肉筆原稿(宮沢賢治記念館所蔵)

“The Last Farewell”   Traces of Physical Presence

 

Hiroshi Ishii

In the spring of 1995, I was finally able to realize a dream that I’d held for quite a number of years; I was able to visit Hanamaki village, the home of the famous author Miyazawa Kenji.  Before leaving Japan, I had wanted to see Kenji’s “World of <<Efertobe>>” once with my own eyes.

Back in my undergraduate days, when I was hostelling my way across Japan, transferring from one overnight train to the next, a book of Kenji’s poems was always among the paperbacks in my backpack.  I particularly loved one series of poems (<<Pine Needles>>, <<The Last Farewell>>, <<Aomori Elegy>> and <<Okhotsk Elegy>>) lamenting the death of his younger sister Toshiko; I read and re-read them until the dog-eared pages were actually fraying.  In that book, the conflict in Kenji’s heart as he tried to overcome the death of his most beloved sister was expressed in evenly-spaced 9-point type; this was his “poetry” or so I long thought.

What I saw in the Miyazawa Kenji museum in Hanamaki, though, was an entirely foreign <<Last Farewell>>.  In the handwritten manuscript I saw there, for each phrase written there seemed to be a re-writing, for every erasure, a new addition.  The words danced together crowded across the yellowed paper of the manuscript sheet.  The palimpsest of phrases, piled up in ever-so-slightly differing shades of ink, spoke quietly of his agony.  Strangely, when I stared continuously at the lines traced in that ink, I actually began to see his pudgy fingers gripping the pen, and his rugged hand.  I even heard the scratching of the pen point across the fiber of the checkered manuscript paper on which he wrote his characters.

That was a feeling I was never able to get from the <<Last Farewell>> when expressed in typeset characters.  Actual vestiges of his physical presence were there, painted onto the discolored, thoroughly-stained manuscript paper.  These got through to me somehow, and for several minutes I stood there glued to the spot in front of the glass display case.  I asked myself:  ”Isthis reallythe samepoem? The same work as the <<The Last Farewell>> I had known until then from my paperback?”

When, in the process of picking up and setting characters from type drawers, followed by mass duplication on the printing press, all those vestiges of the author’s physical presence that were dyed into the original manuscript were wiped away, the artistic work <<The Last Farewell>> was transformed into a piece of completely “dry” media.  But there is one small consolation: there are traces of my own physical presence, and of my mind and spirit as a teenager, in the paperback that traveled with me, in the many margin-jottings and folded page corners scattered throughout it, and in the stains and discolorations from my hands and my adventures.  That is why that beat-up old paperback is still there among my personal treasures.

The standardization of character codes, font codes, and page layout all help improve the efficiency of information storage and the ease with which it can be distributed throughout the Internet-connected world.  But I never hear of anyone bemoaning those vestiges of the original artists that are lost when a work is converted into a standardized expression-format.  I also rarely hear anyone express sadness over the loss caused by reading via mouse and screen of the opportunity for a reader to leave traces of <<his or her>> physical presence on a text.

The digital world is a dry one.  This is not a necessary consequence of its being digital; it is because of the supremacy of a kind of “technical-efficiency-ism,” in which the question of how much information can be trimmed away for compression is given precedence over more fundamental consideration concerning which information it is that conveys human warmth and emotion.  The handwritten manuscript of the <<Last Farewell>> and my dog-eared paperback anthology are both asking us questions about the meaning of the “traces of human presence” missing from the present-day Cyberspace.  

永訣の朝 肉筆原稿 身体の痕跡

三十数年住み慣れた日本を離れ、MITに赴任した'95年の春、私は長年の夢だった宮沢賢治の故郷、花巻市を訪ねた。学生時代、夜行列車を乗り継ぎながらホステリング(ユースホステルを使った貧乏旅行)をしていたころ、いつもリュックサックに突っ込んであった文庫本のひとつが、宮沢賢治の詩集だった。

妹・トシの死をうたった一連の詩「松の針」「永訣の朝」「青森挽歌」「オホーツク挽歌」が特に好きで、ページの縁がぼろぼろになるまで読み込んだ。その詩集には、最愛の妹を失った悲しみを乗り越えようとする賢治の心の葛藤が、等間隔で並んだ9ポイントの活字で表現されていた。それが彼の「詩」なのだと、それまでずっと思っていた。

しかし、花巻市の宮沢賢治記念館で私が目にしたのは、まったく異質な「永訣の朝」だ。その肉筆原稿には、書いては直し、消しては書き加えられた言葉たちが、茶色く変色した原稿用紙の上で所狭しと躍っていた。

何度も書き加えられた言葉の堆積が、彼の苦悩のプロセスを静かに語っている。そのインクの軌跡をじっと見つめると、ペンを握る彼の太い指が、ごつごつした彼の手が、見えてくる。原稿用紙を引っかくペン使いが聞こえてくる。

それは、活字で印刷された「永訣の朝」からは一度も感じとることのできなかったリアルな感動だ。変色したシミだらけの原稿用紙には、彼の身体の痕跡、そして精神の葛藤のプロセスが塗り込められている。それが私の心を捉え、しばらくガラスケースの前に釘づけとなってしまった。

私は自問した。

これが、文庫本に収録されていた、今まで知っていた、あの「永訣の朝」と本当に同じ作品なのだろうか?

芸術作品「永訣の朝」は、活字を拾い、印刷機で大量複製されるプロセスにおいて、オリジナル原稿に塗り込められていた芸術家の身体の痕跡をすっかり拭い去られ、乾いたメディアに変質してしまった。

しかし、まだささやかな救いはあった。私と一緒に旅した文庫本の詩集は、あちらこちらの頁に残された書き込みや折り目、しみや変色の跡により、読み手だった10代の私の身体の、そして精神の軌跡を残した。だから、古ぼけた文庫本は今でも私の宝物だ。

文字コード、フォント、頁レイアウトの標準化は、情報の格納効率と互換性を向上し、インターネットの世界での普及を促進する。しかし、芸術作品を、規格化された表現形式に落としこむ事により失われた、原作者の身体の痕跡を嘆く声を聞いたことはない。さらに、それをスクリーンとマウスで読むことにより、残す機会を失った読み手の身体の痕跡について悲しむ声もあまり聞かない。

ディジタルの世界は乾いている。それはディジタルだからではない。どれだけ情報を削ぎ落とし圧縮できるかという技術効率至上の考えが、人間的な温もりや感動を伝える情報の中身は何なのかという本質的議論に優先しているからである。「永訣の朝」肉筆原稿は、そして古ぼけた私の詩集は、今日のディジタル世界に欠けている身体の痕跡の意味を問いかけている。 

http://ascii.jp/elem/000/000/051/51983/

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