up-regulation

up-regulation

 [up reg-u-la´shun]
increase in expression of a gene; in the narrowest sense, that in which transcription of a specific mRNA is increased, but also used more broadly to refer to increase in mRNA levels for a particular gene from any cause, such as increased stability of the specific mRNA.
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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As observed previously, the DerGPG70 conjugate modulated disease through up-regulation of Th2, and down-regulation of Th1 and Th17 responses.
Progressive retinal ischemia causes up-regulation of inflammatory mediators within the eye, leading to abnormal growth of blood vessels out of the retina and/or leakage, both of which cause vision loss and blindness if untreated.
The report continued: 'These findings are consistent with a selective up-regulation of innate immune responses to viral infections and provide insight into the immuno-regulatory correlates of one of the keystone experiences in human life.'
CD8B molecule contributes to CD8+ cell development (Bosselut et al., 2000), and CD81 protein is involved in activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells (Levy et al., 1998), indicating that the 2 DEGs (CD8B down-regulation and CD81 up-regulation) may be associated with blood T lymphocyte subsets.
Besides, increased LVSCC activity leads to up-regulation of [Ca.sup.2+] related biomarkers in the aging hippocampus (5).
"An association has been demonstrated between chronic viral infection, malignancy, and up-regulation of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) on CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes," the authors wrote in Cancer Immunology Research.
Metadichol[R] treatment at different concentrations on Umbilical Cord which resulted in up-regulation of IRS1, IRS2, and GLUT4.
(5) On the other hand, the alteration of DNA methylation has been reported to be related to up-regulation of DNMTs and whole genome methyl analysis have shown hypomethylation and hypermethylation in pancreatic cancer.
Consistent with up-regulation of CEBPA, which has a role in myeloid differentiation, significant and repeated increases in neutrophils were observed after dosing MTL-CEBPA.
Down-regulation of Bcl-2 (an antiapoptotic protein), up-regulation of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein), and activations of caspase-3 and -9 were found in TNF-[alpha] treated cells (P<0.01 or P<0.001, Figure 1D and E).
Expression of miR-100 showed up-regulation in 50(83.3%) subjects in the control group.