5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation
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Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018 *** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
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5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation
- 1. British Telecommunications plc 2017 5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation Andy Sutton Principal Network Architect Architecture & Strategy, TSO 24th January 2018
- 2. 1 British Telecommunications plc 2017 • ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements • 5G network architecture • Functional decomposition of the RAN • Network latency • Developing a 5G network architecture • Review a 5G conceptual network architecture • Optimising 5G network architecture for services • Network densification • BT/EE 5G trials - a few highlights • Summary Contents
- 3. 2 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Usage scenarios of IMT for 2020 and beyond Source: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf
- 4. 3 British Telecommunications plc 2017 ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements - selected parameters • The minimum requirements for eMBB peak data rate are as follows: – Downlink peak data rate is 20Gbps – Uplink peak data rate is 10Gbps • The minimum requirements for eMBB peak spectral efficiencies are as follows: – Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 30 bit/s/Hz – Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 15 bit/s/Hz • The target values for the user experienced data rate are as follows in the Dense Urban – eMBB test environment: – Downlink user experienced data rate is 100Mbps – Uplink user experienced data rate is 50Mbps • The minimum requirements for 1-way user plane latency over the radio interface are: – 4 ms for eMBB – 1 ms for URLLC (3GPP target = 0.5ms) • The minimum requirement for control plane latency is 20ms (Proponents are encouraged to consider lower control plane latency, e.g. 10ms) 3GPP target = 10ms) • The minimum requirement for mMTC connection density is 1,000,000 devices per km2 • The minimum requirement for eMBB and URLLC mobility interruption time is 0ms
- 5. 4 British Telecommunications plc 2017 3GPP 5G network architecture UE RAN UPF DN AMF SMF PCF UDM AF AUSF N1 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N8 N9 - between UPFs N14 - between AMFs N10 N11 N12 N13 N15 NR air i/f Note: Focus on mobile however Access Network (AN) could be fixed NSSF N22
- 6. 5 British Telecommunications plc 2017 3GPP 5G Service Based Architecture UE RAN UPF DN AMF SMF PCF UDM AF N1 N6 N4 N3 N2 NR air i/f NEF NRF Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf Nausf Namf Nsmf AUSF NSSF Nnssf NG-CP
- 7. 6 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Functional blocks within 5G network architecture 1. AUSF = Authentication Server Function 2. UDM = Unified Data Management 3. NSSF = Network Slice Selection Function 4. NEF = Network Exposure Function 5. NRF = Network Repository Function 6. AMF = Core Access and Mobility Management Function 7. SMF = Session Management Function 8. PCF = Policy Control Function 9. AF = Application Function 10. UE = User Equipment 11. RAN = Radio Access Network 12. CU = Centralised Unit 13. DU = Distributed Unit 14. UPF = User Plane Function 15. DN = Data Network, e.g. operator services, Internet or 3rd party services
- 8. 7 British Telecommunications plc 2017 5G interfaces (reference points) • N1: Reference point between the UE and the Access and Mobility Management function (AMF). • N2: Reference point between the (R)AN and the Access and Mobility Management function. • N3: Reference point between the (R)AN and the User plane function (UPF). • N4: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the User plane function (UPF). • N5: Reference point between the Policy Function (PCF) and an Application Function (AF). • N6: Reference point between the UP function (UPF) and a Data Network (DN). • N7: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the Policy Control function (PCF). • N7r: Reference point between the vPCF and the hPCF. • N8: Reference point between Unified Data Management and AMF. • N9: Reference point between two Core User plane functions (UPFs). • N10: Reference point between UDM and SMF. • N11: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Session Management function (SMF). • N12: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Authentication Server function (AUSF). • N13: Reference point between UDM and Authentication Server function (AUSF). • N14: Reference point between 2 Access and Mobility Management function (AMF). • N15: Reference point between the PCF and the AMF in case of non-roaming scenario, V-PCF and AMF in case of roaming scenario. • N16: Reference point between two SMFs, (in roaming case between V-SMF and the H-SMF). • N22: Reference point between AMF and Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF).
- 9. 8 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Functional decomposition of the 5G RAN U E RAN UPF DNN6N3NR air i/f D U C U F1
- 10. 9 British Telecommunications plc 2017 5G RAN architecture - DU co-located with RF DUAAU* CU F1 interfaceF2 interface *AAU illustrated, actual implementation could be AAU or passive antenna with RRU Cell site – DU co-located Centralised aggregation site CPRI / eCPRI Option 2 split - IP TNL / Ethernet
- 11. 10 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Latency requirements DUAAU IPSec CU F2 interface CPRI / eCPRI Fibre, and/or wireless plus switches and routers… How much latency can we afford here? How will this scale to support other split options? Does it need to? Alternative splits in uplink/downlink? Alternative splits as subs move from cell centre to cell edge? …
- 12. 11 British Telecommunications plc 2017 5G Latency Requirements - Industry Targets ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements • eMBB User Plane Latency (one-way) = 4ms [radio network contribution] • URLLC User Plane Latency (one-way) = 1ms [radio network contribution] • Control Plane Latency = 20ms (10ms target) [UE transition from Idle to Active via network] GSMA 5G Requirements • 5G E2E Latency = 1ms (again, defined as a capability target, not as a universal requirement) NGMN 5G Requirements • 5G E2E Latency (eMBB) = 10ms (i.e. RTT from UE-Application-UE) • 5G E2E Latency (URLLC) = 1ms (i.e. RTT from UE-Application-UE – or just UE-UE) In both cases, the values are defined as capabilities that should be supported by the 5G System. Low Latency Use Case Requirements (various sources) • Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality: 7-12ms • Tactile Internet (e.g. Remote Surgery, Remote Diagnosis, Remote Sales): < 10ms • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (Co-operative Driving, Platooning, Collision Avoidance): < 10ms • Manufacturing & Robotic Control / Safety Systems: 1-10ms
- 13. 12 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Developing a 5G Network Architecture External networks Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells 5G DU
- 14. 13 British Telecommunications plc 2017 5G Network Latency modelling We have done significant analysis of network latency and cost to underpin the 5G Architecture (this work is ongoing but the figures below provide initial results). The following figures relate to content served from the same location as the UPF node: UPF Location Access Aggregation Core Number of sites 1200 106 10 Transport Latency (1-way)* 0.6ms 1.2ms 4.2ms Estimated 5G Latency (RTT)* 9.2ms [eMBB] 10.4ms [eMBB] 16.4ms [eMBB] 2.2ms [URLLC] 3.4ms [URLLC] 9.4ms [URLLC] * Assumptions: - Latency figures based on 95th-percentile of transmission delay (i.e. 95% of cell sites are within this) + overhead for IP - 5G RTT assumes 8ms overhead for 5G New Radio & Next-Gen Core (eMBB case) - 1ms for URLLC (as per 3GPP 5G)
- 15. 14 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Conceptual 5G Network Architecture (1) External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE
- 16. 15 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Conceptual 5G Network Architecture (2) External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P UPF MEC Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE
- 17. 16 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Conceptual 5G Network Architecture (3) External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC
- 18. 17 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Conceptual 5G Network Architecture (4) External networks IP Sec PE UPF MEC Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells 5G CU UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC
- 19. 18 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Conceptual 5G Network Architecture (5) External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC IP Sec UPF MEC 5G CU
- 20. 19 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Consider control plane latency - potential for distribution? External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC IP Sec UPF MEC 5G CU
- 21. 20 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Low-latency access to apps, content and compute External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC IP Sec UPF MEC 5G CU
- 22. 21 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Ultra-low latency service optimisation External networks PE Access Aggregation Core 5G DU 5G DU P Sync PE CPF UPF CDN P IPP 5G DU mm-wave 5G small cells UDM 5G DU/ CU/UPF/ MEC 5G CU IP Sec PE UPF MEC IP Sec UPF MEC 5G CU
- 23. 22 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Network densification - a three phased approach •Base connectivity solution, mainly fibre •Wireless (+ some fibre) extension from base connectivity solution •26 GHz small cells with self-backhaul/in-band backhaul
- 24. 23 British Telecommunications plc 2017 BT/EE trials EE hits 2.8Gbps download speeds in UK-first 5G trial http://newsroom.ee.co.uk/ee-showcases-end-to-end-5g-network-architecture-with-28gbps-speeds/ Massive MIMO testing @Adastral Park Huawei and EE Showcase 5G Uplink and Downlink Decoupling PoC in London University, BT and Nokia to conduct joint research into 5G mobile networks in Bristol http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2017/ november/5g-mobile-networks.html
- 25. 24 British Telecommunications plc 2017 Summary • 5G will address enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), use cases • 5G requires a new network architecture • The functional decomposition of the RAN results in DU and CU network elements • Next Generation Core network can be grouped into two functional blocks, CPF and UPF • Some RAN functionality will move towards the core whilst the core will move towards the RAN • Small cells are an essential component of 5G • URLLC is an overlay and requirements will vary based on use cases • URLLC use cases, UR use cases and LL use cases… • Initial MTC use cases will be addressed by NB-IoT (4G)