Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Smart City using Automated Self Navigated Dustbin

Dispensary System and Wireless Power
Generation Technology
Dr S.Sharmila H Ganesh
HoD Senior Lecturer
Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Computer Science Engineering
PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore NPA Centenary Polytechnic College

Abstract:- Today’s main issue in the city is pollution corporation from their office and action will be taken to
especially land pollution and air pollution. In taking replace filled bins with the empty bins. The above concept
effort to control both air and land pollution. we have will almost help to decrease land pollution. And next is to
proposed a concept called smart city automation. It control air pollution the main cause for air pollution is
contains self navigated garbage disposal system in smart vehicles pollution due to the automobile engines runs with
dustbin and wireless power transfer from road to cars fuel so we need to switch to electrically charged vehicles.
while running on road in the separate lane provided. Now here comes the major issue charging the electronic
Overflow of garbage creates unusual condition in the vehicles. The time consumption is more for charging the
city and creates bad odour around the surroundings vehicles the solution for this issue is wireless electricity
this ends in spreading some deadly diseases & human transmission. This method can transfer the electricity
illness. To avoid all these problems. we are going to without contact it’s a huge advantage that there is no need
implement a project called IoT based waste disposal for waiting until the car gets charged. Here the charging
system using smart dustbin. The Internet of Things takes place while running on the electric lane. Electric lane
(IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are is a separate path in the road cars which has to charged can
connected by wire and wireless communication without drive on separate electric lane which is contains
the help of humans. Objects communicate and exchange transmitting node this is directly connected to supply the
information. secondary node is kept in the car when the primary node
and secondary node are got to contact on road the
Keywords- IOT, Aurdino, RFID transmission takes place and charging is initialized then it is
stored in batteries[1-5].
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SMART DUSTBIN
Today’s main issue in the city is pollution especially
land pollution and air pollution. In taking effort to control
both air and land pollution. we have proposed a concept
called smart city automation. It contains self-navigated
garbage disposal system in smart dustbin and wireless
power transfer from road to cars while running on road in
the separate lane provided. Overflow of garbage creates
unusual condition in the city and creates bad odour around
the surroundings this ends in spreading some deadly
diseases & human illness. To avoid all these problems. we
are going to implement a project called Iot based waste
disposal system using smart dustbin. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are
connected by wired and wireless communication without
the help of humans. Objects communicate and exchange Fig 1:- Smart Dustbin
information. In this concept number of dustbins are located
inside the city. These dustbins are equipped with an Figure 1 shows the smartdust bin. It is the
ultrasonic sensor which will track the level of the bins and a combination of various electronic modules and embedded
unique ID is given for every dustbin in the city so it is easy system. Together contributes this system to be efficient[6-
to identify which bin is full. When the level of the garbage 10].
is high the device will send the reading along with the
unique ID given to the dustbin. the dustbin will move to
dispose the garbage at the particular place. To avoid the
decaying smell the chemical are sprinkled when there is
decaying. when the bins are full then user will not be able
to use the bins. The status of the bin is controlled by the

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. PROPOSED METHOD

Fig 2:- Block Diagram

There are two sensors used in this system. The rain opened and it is available for the consumers. The location
sensor module and ultrasonic module. Rain sensor is placed while running the dustbin to trash yard and home place is
on the top of the dustbin door when the rain drop is sensed tracked using neo6m GPS module the location update is
on the module the voltage variation is sent to the processor. sent to corporation's system. This dustbin avoids the
The door of the smart dustbin is fixed with the servo motors decaying of garbage with gas sensor the decaying smell is.
will automatically open and close the dustbin according to Sensed with this gas sensor and further the automatic
the rains sensor's data received in the processor. And next chemical sprinkler is used to sprinkle the chemical and stop
the ultrasonic sensor is placed at the inner part of the decaying for some time. Thus, we can avoid the spreading
dustbin on top corner to sense the garbage level the levels of diseases too
are calculated in the basis of volume. the ultrasonic sensor
gives the data to the processor. The processor will operate  Arduino
the servo motors to close the door when garbage level is
sensed full. All these data are sent to the server by
nodemcu(espn8266) module which connects the server by
IoT. This server is monitored in corporation office. when
the dustbins are full it means that it is ready to dispense.
The run time is given to processor the dustbin will start
move when the threshold time is reached. The wheels
attached with the (150 rpm) gear shaft motors. these are
connected with the processor. the processor contains the
predefined co-ordinates the dustbin moves according to
these co-ordinates and reaches the dump yard where all the
smart bins will dispense the garbage in the particular area.
Each dustbin is given with unique I'd the RFID tag is fixed
on the dustbin; the RFID reader is placed on the trash yard Fig 3:- Arduino Mega
when the RFID tag is got read by the reader on that side.
The dispensing door will automatically open. The The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board
dispensing door is attached with the servo motor. The based on AT Mega 2560. It is depicted in Figure 3. It has
processor controls the rotation of the servo and so the door 54 digital input/output pins (In these 15 pins are used as
is controlled by processor after the dispensary the back- PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs and a 16MHz
door closes. And the dustbin is started to return to its home crystal oscillator, a USB port, a power jack, ICSP header
position. When it is reached to the position the main door is

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
and a reset button. Its operating voltage is 5V and the input  RFID
voltage recommended is 7-12V. Radio-Frequency Identification uses electromagnetic
fields to automatically identify and to track the tags
 WI-FI Module attached to another object. The tag contains electronically
stored information. There are two types Active Tag’s,
Passive Tag’s.

Applications are as follows. The door will close

automatically after the garbage is fully filled inside the
dustbin. So, people can’t able to use the dustbin. This will
avoid over flow of garbage. The dustbin doesn’t need any
help from the human; it moves on to the trash yard
automatically and releases the garbage present in it. The
dustbin’s door closes automatically while raining, so the
garbage inside the dustbin doesn’t get wet and slurry. The
Fig 4:- Wi-Fi Module
manipulation of mosquitoes is avoided and the decaying
smell is controlled. The dustbin indicates its level of
ESP8266 is an open source IoT platform. Figure 1.4
fulfillment in percentage in the display fixed on it. So, it is
shows the wifimodule. It includes firmware which runs on
easy to the people to use the dustbin.
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The hardware is based on
ESP-12 module. It has 32Kb of instruction RAM, 32Kb of
Features are follows. It will stop overflowing of
instruction cache RAM, 80Kb of user data RAM, 16KB of
garbage in dustbin along roadsides and localities as smart
ETS system data RAM. It will display the output in other
bins managed at real time. It also aims at creating a clean as
external devices using internet. We can use Bluetooth
well as green environment. By using route algorithm, itself
module to display output but it covers short range up to
automatically find the route and it automatically dispense
10m. And it cannot be connected with internet. But
the garbage in trash yard. It will reduce the fuel
ESP8266 module can be connected with internet using
consumption. Less amount of fuel consumed by vehicle
mobile Hotspot.
thus can save a large amount of money as well.
 GPS
Advantages are follows. Overflow of garbage is
Global Positioning System (GPS) originally it is a
controlled. No Human intervention. There’s no Decaying
Navistar GPS, is a satellite – based radio navigation system.
of wastes. Dumping of wastes is avoided. spreading of
GPS provides the geolocation and the time information to a
diseases are controlled. Generation of mosquitoes is
GPS receiver anywhere on or near earth where there is an
controlled.
unobstructed line of sight of four or more GPS satellite. Its
coverage is Global. Accuracy is up to (500-300) cm.
IV. RESULTS
 Rain Sensor
 Rain Sensor:
The Rain Sensor module is an easy tool for detecting
Figure 5 and 6 shows the interface diagram of rain
the rain. It can be used as a switch and it is also used to
sensor and its output
measure the intensity of rainfall. It has a rain board and a
control board and an adjustable potentiometer. And the
analog output is used in the detection of drops in the
amount of rainfall.

 Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance
to an object like bats or dolphins do. It offers an excellent
non-contact range detection with high accuracy and the
stable reading. Its range is up to 2-400cm. 0 to 1cm is blind
spot of ultrasonic sonic sensor it can’t able to detect in this
range.

Fig 5:- Interfacing Diagram of Rain Sensor

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Output:

Fig 6:- Output of Rain Sensor

It displays the digital output of voltage variations in

the rain sensor.

 Ultrasonic Sensor:
Figure 7 and 8 shows the ultrasonic sensor and its
output respectively

Fig 8:- Output of Ultrasonic Sensor

It displays output of the Ultrasonic sensor. 177cm

indicates dustbin is empty where as 30 cm indicated is
filled with garbage.

Table 1 shows the comparison of proposed system

with the existing system. The proposed system consists
automatic dispensing of waste and location of the dustbin.

Fig 7:- Interfacing Diagram of Ultrasonic Diagram

Table 1:- Comparison Table

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. WIRELESS VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM  ARDUINO UNO:

The Embedded Technology is now in its heights and

the source available is more. Embedded system plays a
major role in automating the electronic world.

Fig 11:- Arduino Uno Board

The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based

on MICROCHIP ATmega328P and it is shown in figure
11. That board consists of digital and analog, input and
output pins which are interfaced to various boards and other
Fig 9:- Wireless Charging System circuits. The board is designed with 14 digital pins, 6
analog pins, and it is programmed with the Arduino
This proposed method is shown in figure 9 and Integrated Development Environment(IDE) using type B
greatly reduces the manpower, saves time and operates USB cable. The Arduino accepts 7V to 20V through it. It
efficiently without human interference. This system will also accepts power given by USB cable and 9V battery.
reduce the manpower and operates without human The operating voltage of Arduino is 5V. Out of 14 digital
interference. In this proposed method the cars are charged I/O pins 6 pins provides PWM (Pulse Width Modulated)
on the road while running itself. In this smart city project output. It has flash memory of 32kb of which 0.5kb used by
the roads are designed for this structure there are separate bootloader. The length and breadth of the board is 68.6mm
lanes which charges the car. The cars which need to be and 53.4mm and its total weight is 25g. The clock speed of
charged is moved on to electric lane which is a transmitter the board is 16MHz. The board is programmed under
the car contains the receiver it collects the electricity and bootloader which allows uploading new codes without the
stores in batteries [11-15]. use of an external hardware programmed as a USB – to –
serial converter [14-19].
VI. PROPOSED METHOD
 RADIO FREQUENCY COIL:
Figure 10 shows the block diagram of the wireless RF coils are acts as the transmitter and receiver of
recharging system. radio frequency signals. The transmitter generates
electromagnetic field and the resulting signal is received by
the receiver.

The electromagnetic fields produce by the

transmitting coil are in the RF range. The produced
electromagnetic field from the transmitting coil is a
magnetic near field with little associated changing electric
field component. The RF power is not confined as radio
waves, it is confined to the coil space. In this project the
transmitting coil is placed in the last lane of the roads, no.
of coils placed continuously.

The receiving coil accepts the electromagnetic

radiation produced by the transmitter. The acquired signal
by the coil is induced emf. In this project the receiving coil
is lane where the transmitting coils are placed the receiver
Fig 10 receives the electromagnetic waves produced by the
transmitter and the received electromagnetic waves are
stored in the battery of the car.

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 BATTERY:  Resonance:
A battery is a device consists of electrochemical cells Electrical resonance occurs in electrical circuit at a
which is used to provide to the electrical devices. It has two particular resonant frequency when the impedance of the
terminals positive and negative. The positive terminal is circuit is at a minimum in a series circuit or at maximum in
cathode and the negative terminal is anode. There are two a parallel circuit (usually when the transfer function peaks
types of battery, firstly primary battery it is a single use in absolute value). Resonance in circuits are used for both
battery, these batteries are used once and discarded. transmitting and receiving wireless communications such
Secondly rechargeable battery or secondary battery, these as television, cell phones and radio.
batteries are used multiple times which can be discarded
and recharged using an applied current.  RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING:
There are two coils the secondary coil observes the
 DC MOTOR: state from the primary coil. The primary and secondary coil
Motor is a machine which converts electrical energy will get coupled when the resonating frequency of both the
into mechanical energy. DC motor have internal coil matches. Most of the wireless electricity transfer
mechanisms, either electro mechanical or electronic, to technology uses this principle
change the direction of the current periodically. ADC
motor’s speed is controlled using variable supply voltage or  APPLICATIONS:
by changing the strength of current in its field windings.
DC motors were the first type existing direct – current  The car battery charges automatically when the car
lighting power distribution systems. moves on the lane where the transmitting coils are
placed.
 RECTIFIER  The battery is recharged by electromagnetic waves, so
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts AC to that no need for any wired medium to charge the
DC or DC to AC. The process is known as rectification. battery.
Rectifiers are commonly used in power supplies. In this  It takes less time to charge the battery and the driver can
project the power supply is passed to the rectifier and the continue in his path in the charging lane, no need to wait
rectifier converts the DC to AC and passed to the for the battery gets charged.
transmitting coil.  This system overcomes the major drawback of plug-in
type charging of electric cars and their limited driving
The normal wireless electricity transformation system capacity.
works mainly with the two nodes, transmitting coil and
receiving coil the transmitting coil is placed stable is  FEATURES:
connected with the supply mains the continuous alternating
supply is given to the coil gets energized and the magnetic  The transmitting coil generates the EM waves and it is
field is created and when the receiver coil comes in contact received by the receiving coil placed on the base of the
to the transmitting coil's magnetic field the electricity is car.
transferred from transmitter coil to receiver coil. The above  Running all vehicles using electricity reduces
case works under the principle of electromagnetic induction greenhouse pollution.
is suitable for small scale electricity consuming gadgets.
When comes for charging the electric car the transferring  ADVANTAGES:
speed and efficiency must be greater in the above case the
maximum distance between the two coils are 1.2 inches is
 Battery is charged by EM waves.
not possible for car because the ground clearance height is
 No need of wire to charge the battery.
more so the above case is not suitable. The wireless vehicle
 No need to wait until the battery get charged.
charging system works under two principles.
 Consumption of charging time is less.
1.Electromagnetic induction  Transmission and reception of EM waves are fully
2.Resonance automatic.
3.Highly coupled electromagnetic induction  There is no limited range to travel in the car.

 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
The electromotive force around a closed path is equal
to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic
flux enclosed by the path. The closed path here is, in fact,
conductive.

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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