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  • Hierarchical Cluster Analysis For Yield and Nutritional Traits in Elite Foxtail Millet Genetic Resources (Setaria Italica (L.) Beauv.)

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    Hundred genetic resources of foxtail millet were subjected to multivariate analysis through Wards’ minimum variance method that grouped them into eleven clusters. Cluster III (16) was maximum followed by cluster VIII (14), cluster IX (12), cluster VII (11) and cluster V (10). The clusters IV, VI and XI comprised of eight genotypes each. Seven and five genotypes were grouped in clusters X and II, respectively. The cluster I registered as monogenotypic / solitary cluster.

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    Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for Yield and Nutritional Traits in Elite Foxtail Millet Genetic Resources [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.]

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    Hundred genetic resources of foxtail millet were subjected to multivariate analysis through Wards’ minimum variance method that grouped them into eleven clusters. Cluster III (16) was maximum followed by cluster VIII (14), cluster IX (12), cluster VII (11) and cluster V (10). The clusters IV, VI and XI comprised of eight genotypes each. Seven and five genotypes were grouped in clusters X and II, respectively. The cluster I registered as monogenotypic / solitary cluster.

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    Hierarchical Cluster Analysis For Yield and Nutritional Traits in Elite Foxtail Millet Genetic Resources (Setaria Italica (L.) Beauv.)

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous izrFWiQ
    Hundred genetic resources of foxtail millet were subjected to multivariate analysis through Wards’ minimum variance method that grouped them into eleven clusters. Cluster III (16) was maximum followed by cluster VIII (14), cluster IX (12), cluster VII (11) and cluster V (10). The clusters IV, VI and XI comprised of eight genotypes each. Seven and five genotypes were grouped in clusters X and II, respectively. The cluster I registered as monogenotypic / solitary cluster.

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    Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

    ISSN No:-2456-2165

    Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for Yield and Nutritional


    Traits in Elite Foxtail Millet Genetic Resources
    [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.]
    G.K. PAVAN KUMAR1, A.V.S. DURGA PRASAD2 AND C.V. CHANDRA MOHAN REDDY3
    1
    P.G. Scholar, Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Mahanandi -518 502, A.P
    2
    Associate Professor, Dept.of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Mahanandi -518 502, A.P.
    3
    Senior Scientist (Small millets), RARS, Nandyal - 518 501, A.P.

    Abstract:- Hundred genetic resources of foxtail millet Hierarchical cluster analysis of quantitative traits is used to
    were subjected to multivariate analysis through Wards’ measure the genetic divergence and to classify the genetic
    minimum variance method that grouped them into stock into distinct groups. Intercrossing between more
    eleven clusters. Cluster III (16) was maximum followed divergent parents is expected to generate a broad spectrum
    by cluster VIII (14), cluster IX (12), cluster VII (11) and of variability and selection to be adopted in the segregating
    cluster V (10). The clusters IV, VI and XI comprised of generations. Accordingly, the present study was taken up in
    eight genotypes each. Seven and five genotypes were foxtail millet to understand the genetic diversity available
    grouped in clusters X and II, respectively. The cluster I in the genetic stocks.
    registered as monogenotypic / solitary cluster.
    Considering the distribution of genotypes, it can be II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
    concluded that cross between SiA 3222 x SiA 3580 has
    good chance of generating heterotic hybrids or Field studies at Regional Agricultural Research
    transgressive segregants, depending on the gene action Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh utilizing hundred foxtail
    controlling the traits. millet genetic resources were laid in a Augmented
    randomized complete block design (ARCBD) with four
    Keywords:- Foxtail Millet, Genetic Divergence, checks during Kharif, 2018 in order to study the genetic
    Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Wards’ Minimum Variance. divergence by Wards’ minimum variance method. The
    experiment was carried out at an altitude of 211.3 m above
    I. INTRODUCTION mean sea level, latitude of 18.29°N and longitude of
    78.29°E at RARS, Nandyal, A.P. The net plot size was 40 x
    Millets refers to a group of annual grasses, belonging 3 m2 with a recommended spacing of 22.5 cm x 10 cm. The
    to the family Poaceae with tiny edible seeds that do not data was collected on five randomly selected plants per
    shatter readily at maturity. Ideally, these crops are genetic resource for 18 metric traits viz., SCMR at 30 DAS,
    amenable for climate resilent agriculture as they are tuned SCMR at 45 DAS, days to 50% flowering, plant height,
    to adapt varying thermal-moisture regimes, scarce input panicle length, number of productive tillers /plant, days to
    conditions and serve diversified purposes as food, feed, maturity, number of grains / ear head, 1000 grain weight,
    fodder, biofuels and brewing. Among the six small millets, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc,
    Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv, popularly known as foxtail copper, manganese and grain yield/ plant. Genetic
    millet, chinese millet, german millet, hungarian millet and divergence analysis was done following the hierarchical
    italian millet resembling a fox’s tail in appearance i.e. a cluster analysis. This analysis was done for the 100 foxtail
    long panicle with soft, long and erect hairs ranks second in millet genetic resources and these genetic resources were
    economic importance, next to finger millet in terms of grouped into eleven clusters using the Ward’s minimum
    global production. Being an annual C4 autogamous diploid variance (Anderberg, 1993). The data obtained was
    (2n=2x=18) with small genome size (~ 515 Mb), short subjected to analysis using JMP-14 version software.
    duration and prolific seed bearing ability, this millet serves
    as a ‘model species’ in functional genomic studies. The III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    grains of this millet are enriched with quality protein
    (leucine and methionine), β carotene, minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Hierarchical cluster analysis through Ward’s
    Mg and Zn), antioxidants, dietary fibre, phytochemicals, minimum variance method in 100 foxtail millet genetic
    vitamins (B1, B2 and B3) and possess low glycemic index, a resources, grouped them into 11 clusters, with the
    requisite for healthy human diet (Murugan and genotypes distribution in each cluster at random (Table 1)
    Nirmalakumari, 2006). with the dendrogram delineated (Fig 1). The cluster means
    computed for 18 characters studied revealed existence of
    The success of any plant breeding programme largely differences among the clusters. The highest cluster mean
    depends on the existence of diversity among the genotypes was recorded in number of grains per ear head (1690.945)
    (Allard, 1960). Assessment of a large number of and the lowest was in copper (1.262). Maximum cluster
    germplasm for genetic diversity assists in selection of mean was recorded in cluster III (131.918) followed by
    divergent genotypes for hybridization programme. cluster I (127.093). This showed the existence of maximum

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    Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
    ISSN No:-2456-2165
    genetic divergence among the genotypes in these clusters. among the genotypes. The genotypes with high genetic
    Genotypes were grouped into clusters shown on the distance can be utilized directly as potent parents in
    dendrogram. The dendogram divided the genotypes into 11 breeding programmes to achieve improved yields.
    clusters and singleton as shown (Fig 1). Genotype SiA
    3222, grouped as a singleton can used widely in breeding The clusters obtained using Ward’s method indicated
    programmes to improve the yield levels. Similar result was that the highest genetic distance of 12.029 was between
    published by Ayesha et al. (2019) for assessment of genetic SiA 3222 and SiA 3580. Genotype SiA 3222, grouped as a
    diversity in foxtail millet genotypes. singleton can be used widely in breeding programmes to
    improve the yield levels. Considering the distribution of
    The constellation plot depicting relationship for the genotypes, it can be concluded that cross SiA 3222 x SiA
    100 genetic resources was also shown (Fig 2). Clustering 3580 has enormous potential in generating heterotic hybrids
    pattern divulged that majority of genotypes congegrated in or transgressive segregants.
    cluster III (16) followed by cluster VIII (14), cluster IX
    (12), cluster VII (11) and cluster V (10). The clusters IV, REFERENCES
    VI and XI comprised of eight genotypes each. Seven and
    five genotypes were grouped in clusters X and II, [1]. Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John
    respectively. The cluster I registered as monogenotypic / Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. pp. 485.
    solitary cluster might have resulted due to geographic [2]. Anderberg, M.R. 1993. Cluster Analysis for
    barriers preventing gene flow or intensive natural and Application. Academic Press, New York.
    human selection for diverse and adaptable gene complexes. [3]. Ayesha, M.D and Babu, D.R. 2019b. Genetic
    divergence studies in foxtail millet [Setaria italica
    Estimates of genetic distance matrix was based on 18 (L.) Beauv.]. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 10
    metric traits for all pair wise combinations of (100×99)/2 (1): 18 – 29.
    =4950 for the 100 foxtail millet genotypes (data not [4]. Murugan, R and Nirmala kumari, A. (2006). Genetic
    shown). The observed genetic distance ranged from 2.455 divergence in foxtail millet. (Setaria italica (L.)
    (SiA3657and SiA 3085) to 12.029 (SiA 3222 and SiA Beauv). Indian Journal of Genetics. 66(4):339- 340.
    3580) pair wise combinations reflecting the wide diversity

    Cluster No. of
    Name of genotype (S)
    No. genotypes
    I 1 SiA 3222
    II 5 SiA 3323, SiA 3496, SiA 3409, SiA 3282 and SiA 3291

    SiA 3657,SiA 3085 (C),SiA 2662, SiA 4155, SiA 2674, SiA 3737, SiA 3754, SiA 2745, SiA
    III 16
    3639, SiA 2579, SiA 3430, SiA 2737, SiA 3492, SiA 4107, SiA 3851 and SiA 3511

    IV 8 SiA 3611, SiA 4027, SiA 3701, SiA 3429, SiA 3580, SiA 3498, SiA 4044 and SiA 3674

    SiA 3627, SiA 3577, SiA 3588, SiA 3560, SiA 4013, SiA 3554, SiA 2850, SiA 1266, SiA 4005
    V 10
    and SiA 3469

    VI 8 SiA 3559, SiA 3969, SiA 4180, SiA 3753, SiA 3513, SiA 4182, SiA 2844 and SiA 3281

    SiA 4061, Prasad (C) , SiA 4179, SiA 2856, SiA 3971, SiA 3423, SiA 3965, SiA 3972,
    VII 11
    Suryanandi (C), SiA 3516 and SiA 3038
    SiA 4036, SiA 3697, SiA 2671, SiA 4020, SiA 2713, SiA 2663, SiA 3827, SiA 2667, SiA 3908,
    VIII 14
    SiA 4016, SiA 3793, SiA 3422, SiA 2864 and SiA 3436
    SiA 2849, SiA 3462, SiA 3894, SiA 3419, SiA 3643, SiA 4009, SiA 3156 (C), SiA 3465, SiA
    IX 12
    4114, SiA 4068, SiA 3749 and SiA 4141
    X 7 SiA 805, SiA 3756, SiA 3413, SiA 3435, SiA 3499, SiA 3420 and SiA 4045

    XI 8 SiA 2697, SiA 3855, SiA 4181, SiA 2757, SiA 4063, SiA 1244, SiA 2681 and SiA 4167

    Table 1:- Clustering pattern of 100 foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] genotypes by Ward’s minimum variance method

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    Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
    ISSN No:-2456-2165

    Table 2:- Mean values of eleven clusters estimated by Ward’s minimum variance method in 100 foxtail millet [Setaria italica
    (L.)Beauv.] genotypes

    Note: Bold figures indicate minimum and maximum values in each characte

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    Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
    ISSN No:-2456-2165

    Fig. 1:- Dendrogram showing relationship of 100 foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] genotypes in 11 clusters based on
    Euclidean2 distance

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    Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
    ISSN No:-2456-2165

    Fig. 2:- Constellation plot of 100 foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] genotypes into 11 clusters based on Euclidean2
    distances

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