Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Spatial Analysis of Fluoride Quality in Parts of

Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur District using
GIS Techniques
Jagadeesha M K Nischay Narayan J
Assistant Proffesor, Department of Civil Engineering Student, Department of Civil Engineering
JSS Academy of Technical Education JSS Academy of Technical Education
Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India

Siddagangaiah S H Vamshi Krishna K S

Student, Department of Civil Engineering Student, Department of Civil Engineering
JSS Academy of Technical Education JSS Academy of Technical Education
Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India

Chandrashekar K
Student, Department of Civil Engineering
JSS Academy of Technical Education
Bengaluru, India

Abstract:- Ground water is the major natural source of I. INTRODUCTION

water in drought prone areas. In this present study
area, the 10 bore well samples collected in villages of Ground water is the important source for potable
Pavagada taluk, Tumkur district where fluorosis is purpose in rural areas. But obtaining in potable state is very
reported heavily. physico chemical analysis of Sixteen unlikely due to the fact that different materials can dissolve
parameters were analyzed, such as pH , EC, TDS, TH, in water easily. Hence there is a need to watch over the
Ca and Mg hardness, carbonates, bi-carbonates, extent of pollution in ground water. Excess fluoride intake
chlorides, fluorides, nitrate, sodium, potassium, causes various physiological disorders in humans
sulphates. Fluoride quality ranging between 0.5-0.9 (Sahoo.et.Al.2003; Maiti.et.Al.2004) whereas permissible
mg/ltr were obtained in the study area. Thematic maps limit of fluoride in water kills bacteria. Hence there is an
were generated using ARC GIS software techniques. important need to monitor the status of fluoride. Therefore
The ground water present in these bore wells require it is necessary to maintain the quality of groundwater at
treatment before the usage for drinking, agriculture or regular intervals to observe the suitability of ground water
other purposes. for consumption or other purpose. This study aims to
reduce the fluoride concentration in Pavagada taluk,
Keywords:- Ground Water, Physico-Chemical Tumkur district.
Characteristics, Water Quality, GIS, Thematic Maps.

II. STUDY AREA

Fig 1:- Location Map

IJISRT19MY214 www.ijisrt.com 765

 Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Pavagada is one among the ten taluk headquarters of IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tumkur district with 1 town and 153 villages. Pavagada
taluk has a geographical bearing of 14.100N and 77.280E.
The elevation is 646m with a total geographical area of
1361sq km. The population of the taluk as per 2011 census
is 28,486. The average rainfall per year is 526mm. The
bore well samples of 10 villages such as CK Pura, Kothur,
Kannmedi, Hariharapura, Karekyathanahalli, Mangalavada,
Jang amarahalli, Kondethimmanahalli, Devarabetta.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

The samples are collected in polythene bottles and

physico- chemical analysis was carried out to determine 16
parameters such as pH , EC, TDS, TA, TH, Ca and Mg
hardness, Carbonates, Bi-carbonates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Graph 1:- Fluoride
Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium, Sulphates and Sodium
absorption ratio (SAR) with fluoride being the main 1.KOTHUR 6.KAREKYATANAHALLI
concern. The standard procedures prescribed by APHA
were followed to carry out the analysis. Fluoride content 2.KANNMEDI 7.MANGALAVADA
was determined by using DR/890 calorimeter. Using Arc
GIS Software 10.2.1 version generated thematic maps such 3.KANNMEDI (SCHOOL) 8. JANGAMARAHALLI
as Drainage and lakes, Geomorphology, Groundwater 4.C K PURA 9.KONDETHIMMANAHALLI
level, Geology, Land use, land cover, Slope, Soil and
Fluoride map. 5. HARIHARAPURA 10.DEVARABETTA

Table 1

Sl. No Parameters IS 10500:2012

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Acceptable Permissible
limit limit
1 pH 6.5-8.5 (NR) No Relaxation 7.23 6.95 7.01 7.14 6.94 7.28 6.83 7.25 7.55 7.48
2 Electrical Conductance (µmhos/cm) $ $ 814 931 1450 1100 1680 995 1570 1230 1410 1440
3 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 500 2000 437 469 745 573 888 538 837 624 753 739

4 Total Alkalinity (mg/L) 200 600 112 126 314 156 321 162 224 168 216 178
5 Total Hardness (mg/L) 300 600 138 162 433 197 455 193 385 278 392 339
6 Calcium Hardness (mg/L) 75 200 84 102 268 132 215 117 294 138 219 169
7 Magnesium Hardness (mg/L) 30 100 13.2 14.6 40.3 15.9 58.6 18.5 22.2 34.2 42.2 41.5
8 Carbonates (mg/L) $ $ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9 Bicarbonates (mg/L) $ $ 112 126 314 156 321 162 224 168 216 178
10 Chlorides (mg/L) 250 1000 22 24 144 249 203 48 177 59 111 151
11 Fluorides (mg/L) 1 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9
12 Nitrates (mg/L) 45 (NR) No Relaxation 12.3 16.1 13.4 26.5 47.2 15.8 30.2 27.1 49.7 11.7
13 Sodium (mg/L) $ $ 40.5 36.4 47.5 45.0 101.8 45.5 83.7 48.1 58.9 70.5
14 Potassium (mg/L) $ $ 0.8 0.9 3.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.4
15 Sulphates (mg/L) 200 400 10.7 20.3 52.7 52.4 23.6 60.7 27.3 42.3 27.3 47.6
16 Sodium Absorption ratio $ 26 5.8 4.8 3.8 5.2 8.7 5.5 6.7 5.2 5.2 6.9
Note: ($) Indicates no limits have been specified; NR- No relaxation, All values are in mg/L except pH and EC.
EC in µmhos/cm; ND-Not Detected
Table 2:- Water quality Parameters

IJISRT19MY214 www.ijisrt.com 766

Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 2:- Drainage and lakes Map Fig 5:- Geology Map

Fig 3:- Geomorphology Map Fig 6:- Land use Land cover Map

Fig 4:- Groundwater level Map Fig 7:- Slope map

IJISRT19MY214 www.ijisrt.com 767

Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. CONCLUSIONS

Proper maintenance of the lakes and by constructing

check dams at suitable places the groundwater level as well
as the quality can be increased. The northern region is
deprieved of groundwater hence recharging of groundwater
is very much essential in this region. The land area
available for surface water sources is very less and has to
be increased. The fluoride contamination occurring is seen
to be less but still the treatment of water is very much
essential. In the study area fluoride is ranges between 0.5 to
0.9 mg/ltr.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thankful to Dr. Nandhini, chairperson, Dr. Kumar,

Dr. Raghvendra, Assistant Professor, Environmental
science Department, Dr. T. J. Renuka Prasad, Professor of
Fig 8:- Soil map
Geology, Department of Geology, Bangalore University,
Bangalore and the research scholars who helped us in
carrying out the research and allowing us for using the
research labs.

REFERENCES

[1]. APHA, AWWA, WEF. (1995) Standard methods for

analysis of water and wastewater.20th Ed. American
Public Health Association, Inc., Washington D C.
[2]. Bureau Indian Standards. (2012) Drinking Water
Specification (Second Revision of IS 10500) [online]
[3]. *G. Manjunatha, **B. E. Basavarajappa, *E. T.
Puttaiah. ‘Fluoride content of selected areas in and
around Pavagada taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka
2012.’
[4]. C. R. Ramakrishnaiah, C. Sadashivaiah and
G.Ranganna ‘Assessment of Water Quality Index for
Fig 9:- Fluoride Map the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State,
India 2009.’
The permissible limits are referred from IS [5]. Panduranga Murthy, Puttaramaiah, Ravishankar.H,
10500:2012.The fluoride values ranges from 0.5-0.9 mg/ltr Mokshith.M, Leelaja.B and B.Shivalingaiah ‘Study of
from the analysis with the acceptable limits from 1-1.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water
mg/ltr which shows the fluoride content is well under the Samples of Chikkadalavata Grampanchayat, Tumkur
permissible limit. The lowest value is reported in District, Karnataka, India 2014.’
Mangalvada with the value 0.5 mg/ltr. Using ArcGIS 10.2 [6]. Raju Thapa , Srimanta Gupta , D.V. Reddy
version thematic maps were created, Drainage and lake ‘Application of geospatial modelling technique in
maps indicate that they are vanishing by manmade delineation of fluoride contamination zones within
activities. Pediplain land is dominantly observed in the Dwarka Basin, Birbhum, India 2016.’
study area as indicated by the geomorphology map. The [7]. Shivayogimath. C. B, Siddanagowda, Satish Hooli
northern parts of Pavagada taluk have very low ‘Ground water quality analysis of Hirehalla
groundwater presence and this can be easily inferred from watershed, Karnataka, India using GIS 2015’
the groundwater level map. The geology map shows the
dominant presence of charnockite rock in the central
regions of the study area. Though the land use and land
cover map indicate the abundant agricultural land the water
bodies are very less likely to be seen.

IJISRT19MY214 www.ijisrt.com 768