Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Building Waste Management Innovation

Based on Ecofriendly Incineration
Bhakti Alamsyah 1 Wasilah2
1 2
Archirecture Egineering Architecture Engineering
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Indonesia Indonesia

Abstract:- Waste is an unsolved problem that causes 3.962,63m3/per day was handled or only 95,37% of the
flood in Makassar. Based on the data taken by total generated waste. Those numbers needs to handle
Department of City Parks and Sanitation Makassar the especially for managing the waste integration in Makassar
generated waste reached 4.183.41/day in 2016, while as a whole.
only 3.962,63 m3/day or 95.37% was handled. Those
numbers need further action in a form of integrated Waste is always associated as left over things or
waste management. This research is to give ideas on worthless waste. Even human always produces waste, yet
innovation of building waste management that convert human himself is mostly avoiding the waste. So far, people
the waste into electricity energy or Waste to Energy by manage the waste with open dumping concept, burn, and
applying incineration technology. With Explorative sanitary land fill which are not good solutions. The main
approach, the aim of the research is to find out form cause of flood is organic waste, plastic or can that is not
and function of building that is suitable with generated degradable. These kinds of waste should get special
waste problem. The data collection is direct observation, attention for recycling. In this context, a solution for
documentation and interviewing related institution. The accurate city waste handling requires to minimize the
result of this research covers waste management at generated waste to reach zero waste. Waste and its
Integrated Final Disposal Site, Tamangapa, Makassar management is an urgent problem in Makassar as it can
designed as a building. The building will generate the change the ecosystem balance that will damage and pollute
waste and will not disturb the surrounding people who the water, soil and air. Therefore, to be able to solve the
live at the area. The building is expressive to change its pollution problem, we need to handle and control the waste.
negative impression of community towards the waste. The problem often occurs in managing the city waste is the
The design applied is to strengthen the image of waste operational fee that is high as well as a proper place for
management building that is innovative, effective and disposing the waste.
educative. The building is designed to be able to burn
the waste up to 700 tons/day using 2 units incineration Based on the fact, we need a breakthrough in
machine which can produce electricity output 10.000 processing the city waste. One of the solutions is to convert
KWH and the incinerator operational uses 50% of total the waste into electricity energy or Waste to Energy
electricity output. system. Waste-to-Energy System (WTE) burns city waste
non-B3 to produce electricity or steam, and sterilizing at
Keywords:- Flood, Building Inovation, Waste, Incineration, the same time also reducing the waste volume for landfill.
Waste to Energy. The implementation is by applying incineration technology
using the waste as the fuel.
I. INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1)
Incineration technology converts solid material (in
Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi, is one of this context, waste) become gas material (exhaust gas), and
metropolis cities in Indonesia, has been developed rapidly solid material hard to burn, that is bottom ash and fly ash.
and played its role as the gate for Eastern Indonesia. One of This technology produces heat as the result of incineration
the impacts as developing city is the increasing of waste process that is useful for converting one material become
volume that demands more facilities on limited areas. another different material such as for electricity or hot
Based on the circumstances, it required to have a good and water. Incineration is a managing waste method by burning
efficient waste management. the waste over the stove. In some developed countries,
incineration technology has applied in big capacity (city
Waste is an endless problem that increases in terms of scale) (Damanhuri and padmi, 2008).
number and quality annually. The increase is along with
the growth of population in Makassar as well as the growth Incinerator technology in big scale is growing
of other industry sectors. In addition, there is also limitation continuously especially when there are many denials
of facilities and infrastructures, Final Disposal Site, and concerning air pollution. One of its strengths developing in
other facilities are effective and efficient in managing the the newest incinerator technology is the use of energy, so
waste. Based on the data Department of City Parks and the term incinerator will change to become waste-to-energy
Sanitation Makassar, the generated waste reached thermal converter.
4.183.41m3/day in 2016 in Makassar while only

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
data. The interview method is by using purposive sampling
method to collect supportive document for completing the
observation result.

B. Data Analyzing Method

Data Analyzing Method is design exploration. The
method is deciding ideal design implemented at the research
location in Final Disposal Site area in Makassar, Tamangapa
Sub district. The existing condition of Final Disposal Site
Tamangapa is accommodating a lot of generated waste that
become more and more in amount. This condition
Fig 1:- Incineration Process. influences the health condition and comfortable of the
Source: Damanhuri dan Padmi, 2008 people who live surrounding the site. Therefore, we need
technologies that solve the waste problem. By using this
Therefore, incineration technology became a strategic method, we can create ecofriendly incineration base waste
alternative in reducing the waste. The potential of waste management as one of the solutions for waste and electricity
reducing with incineration technology is very effective and problems for community in Makassar.
the important thing it can produce electricity. It will be very
helpful in reducing the burden of State Electricity Company The steps of conducting the research among others are:
in providing electricity for community.
 Literature study, by data collection related to city waste
For this reason, the planning of incineration process, the application of incineration technology, also
technology implementation or waste-to-energy hopefully the need and room standard for waste management
can become a new breakthrough in solving waste problems facility.
and electricity consuming in city. In addition, the design of  Observation of research location for collecting
building should be able to give solution in handling waste in information about economic potentials and physical
Makassar. environment of research location that can support the
success of building innovation design
II. METHODOLOGY  Analyzing of design approach is analysis and simulation
on research location as well as analysis towards strategy
The research used qualitative method. Qualitative of shape application and building facility.
research methodology based on postpositivism philosophy  Organization the concepts and design exploration on
that is used to investigate natural condition of the research waste management building by applying of incineration
object, where the researcher played a role as the key technology that integrated with the research
instrument, the sample taken purposively (Creswell, 2008). environment.
The category of this research character is explorative with  Design result is a building of waste management by
inductive approach. Explorative research is a method to applying incineration technology that is environmentally
observe an object deeply. Therefore, this explorative friendly so it can minimize the waste problem and
research is finding things that influence something (Groat maximizing waste potential by producing energy.
and Waang, 2002). The approach used in this research is
inductive approach. The approach is drawing general III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
conclusion from real facts at the place. Inductive is one
ways of thinking in which a general conclusion drawn from Based on the data of Department of City Parks and
various cases individually. The conclusion taken inductively Sanitation, the generated waste reached 4.183.41m3/day in
starts by putting the general statements together. In other 2016 in Makassar while only 3.962,63m3 /per day was
words, inductive approach is a research that starts or base on handled or only 95,37% of the total generated waste. It can
data or facts that then connected to the relevant or be seen that the waste volume input in Final Disposal Site
appropriate theories in order to get a general conclusion. Makassar is big enough. The number is too far from the
target of waste reducing that becomes one of the waste
A. Data Collection Method management methods, that is 20 % from the total of daily
The data collection is direct observation, waste output.
documentation and interview. Direct observation method is
getting the data directly to see the physical condition The prediction of generated waste either now or in the
without certain manipulation. The data collection related to future is the basis for planning, designing, and reviewing of
city waste management, implementation of incineration waste management system that is accurate and efficient.
technology and standard room needed for waste Incineration technology considered able to answer the
management facility. Documentation is at the research challenge of waste problem in Makassar. Incineration
location, Integrated Final Disposal Site Tamangapa that will technology is waste treatment process by burning solid
become the area of eco-friendly incineration base waste material in very high temperature (>800 degree Celsius) to
management building in Makassar. The documentations are reduce combustible waste, which cannot be recycled. The
photos and other form of data that need in analyzing the target of incineration is to reduce mass and volume of waste

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
as well as to kill bacteria and virus chemical material toxic, project autodesk software. So that, based on the
and to ease the process waste organizing. Incineration can consideration, the site form is referring to the area pattern
reduce the waste volume of domestic solid up to 85-95% that elongated from the north to the south to maximize wind
and mass reduction up to 70-80%. blowing and the path of the sun.

The incinerator machine for burning the waste should The design of the site is partial circulation system
complete with supervision and control to fulfill particle between facilities for waste processing and other activities.
emission limits to make sure the smoke of burning waste is It is for minimize the cross of activities to give a comfort for
neutral. In addition, the ash produced of waste burning can the building user. In main gate area, the circulation system
be useful for building material, compos mixture or thrown divided into two areas for public transportation and waste
on landfill. Meanwhile, the residue that is not combustible trucks.
such as metal can be recycled.
The building mass designed with integral combination,
A. Site Design start from main building in north, then connected with a
The location of plan building is in Final Disposal Site visitor center area along the waste elongated across the
area in Makassar Sub district Tamangapa. The landscape is waste process until the residue area in south. To create
inspired from the pattern observation of satellite image line ecology environment, green site plan implemented across
on planning site that later on become the patterns of building the whole site design. The aim is to form a green open area
site. Next, for consideration of building orientation, analysis that is comfortable for the building user.
of wind and the path of the sun practice by using Vasari

Fig 2:- Site Design of Ecofriendly Incineration Base Waste Process Building.
Source: Suradin, 2016

B. Form of Building mostly used glass material that is complete with green area
The process area of Integrated Final Disposal Site to reduce the sun heat wave.
Amangapa designed in a form of building that the generated
waste would not disturb the view, creating comfortable and
health of people who reside in the area. Building façade is

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The form of the building is expressive to change dirty image. That is why the design need an application that
people negative image on waste. As the building of waste strengthens the image of waste process facility building that
process facility, the building form creation is referring to the is innovative, effective and educative.
environment-integrated process far away from slum and

Fig 3:- Waste Process Building Perspective

Fig 4:- Transformation of Ecofriendly Incineration Base Waste Process Building

Source: Suradin, 2016

The inspiration of the form comes from combination expressive image. Massa Building mass is designed with
of landscape pattern application and geometric integral combination system, start with the main building
transformation result in hill like building. The hill like in north then connected by center visitor area that is
form becomes the basis of recurrence pattern. For building elongated across the area of waste process to the residue
view on north façade, organic pattern used to create natural area in south.

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 5:- Building Mass Organization in Waste Process Site Incineration Base in Integrated Final Disposal Site in Amangapa.
Source: Suradin, 2016

C. The Concept of Waste Process tons. In other words, waste production process is 496 tons
Based on Zubair et.al. (2011), house hold generated with around 60% water content, next the reduction of
waste in Makassar was 2.18 ltr/person/day in volume or water content up to 50% done by bunker dewatering
0.28 kg/person with population of 1.796.920 in March system for 3-5 days. The temperature of burning with
2017 based on report published Population and Civil incinerator unit is 850 degree Celsius. If the temperature is
Registration Agency, so waste production daily was 496 too low, dioxin will not be formed.

Fig 6:- Units in Incinerator with City Scale

Source: Damanhuri and Padmi, 2008.

In incinerator technology there 4 process category, namely incineration results in, among others:
 Pre-treatment process
 Burning Process  Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA) is as big as 20-30% of
 Recovery energy process waste mass. IBA is solid residue that is zero harm to be
 Gas fuel handling process (APC system) thrown.
Based on the process mentioned above waste

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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 Metal (iron or non-iron) as big as 2-5% of waste mass.  Emission to atmosphere is in amount of 70-75% of
The metal is gained from the process of sorting out to waste mass. This emission results in cleaned gas.
the waste or IBA

Fig 7:- The Concept of Waste Process with Incineration Technology.

Source: Suradin, 2016

The building specification is designed to be able to So, the design application demands to strengthen
burn waste up to 700 tons per day using the incineration image of waste process building which is innovative,
machine with electric output of 10,000 KWH from 2 units, effective and educative. In addition, the specification of the
for incinerator operational 50% electricity output is needed. building is designed to be able to burn waste up to 700 tons
per day, using incineration machine with electricity output
IV. CONCLUSION 10.000 KWH of 2 machines, and for incinerator operational
50% electricity output is needed.
Waste process area in Integrated Final Disposal Area
Amangapa, Makassar designed in a form of building that The implementation of incineration technology used
generated waste does not disturb people living comfortable waste fuel is a strategic alternative in reducing generated
in the surrounding. The form of the building is expressive waste. The potential waste reduction with incineration
in order to change the negative image on waste. The technology is very effective and especially it can produce
creation of the building refers to the process of integrated electricity output. Other advantages of incineration
environment far away from slum and dirty image. technology, among others, are reducing 90% of generated
waste, energy recovery if it is well managed, air pollution
released is low, needs minimal area.

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Volume 4, Issue 11, November – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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