Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- Wood is a material composed mostly of dynamics of economic structure transformation, spatial and
cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (20-30%), lignin (20- sectoral migration, land resource availability, investment and
30%) and a small amount of inorganic and extractive per modal ability, human resource adaptive ability with
material (Dumanauw, 1990). Accordingly, wood has Information technology development, culture, and such.
hydrophilic, hard, and biodegradable. Until now, there is
no utilization of oil palm waste in a significant amount The role of agricultural sector in the Indonesian
since it is tender and has high-water content. Generally, economy is getting more significant, mainly in state foreign
oil palm trunks are left to rot in the open field. The exchange receipts through export activities, job vacancy
objective assessment of pilot project processing oil palm provision, domestic consumption need fulfillment, raw
into wood/ composite particleboard is to present how the material resources of various domestic industries, the
technology of oil palm trunk waste is processed as raw creation of added value and competitiveness as well as the
material (input) into the composite pane board (output) optimization of sustainable natural resources management.
which can create economic value. Definition experiment The role of plantation subsector for the national economy is
with sample treatment in BPPT Serpong Jakarta reflected from the PDB plantation added value cumulatively
generated the results seen from the density particleboard experienced an increase in 2005-2010 which grew 19.3% per
with the reference of SNI - 03-2105-2006 is between 0.4 year on average.
up to 0.9 g/ cm3. The measurement results of all samples
in the laboratory in this activity stated that Phenol Many forest areas are converted into plantations,
Formaldehyde adhesive type reached the density of 0.702 including oil palm plantation which has a high economic
g/ cm3; with Acrylic 0.72 g/cm3 and the use of value and can produce in a relatively short time. The surge of
unsaturated polyester type obtained the density of plantation development mainly oil palm plantation is one of
0.892/cm3. The third test sample showed endurance in the causes of deforestation.
the base situation because there is no change in the form
of delamination, blistering, rupture, and softening. These The development of oil palm plantation does not only
figures show that the use of the three types of adhesive contribute positively to the society and country but also has
density particleboard produced is SNI qualified. The negatively. One of the negative impacts of oil palm
next three test samples showed endurance in the base plantation activities, originating from oil palm waste, such as
situation because there is no change in the form of oil palm trunks, fronds, and leaves. Oil palm trunks generated
delamination, blistering, rupture, and softening. from the logging due to regeneration can cause problems to
farmers, because the unattended or unplanted waste has
Keywords:- Palm Trunk Processing Technology into potential to increase beetle pest population which will
Particleboard. threaten and trigger the damage of the oil palm leaves,
mainly attacking the oil palm shoots and can cause death to
I. INTRODUCTION the oil palm.
The effort of striving the regional development One of the alternative efforts to minimize the negative
objectives nowadays is faced with various challenges effects to support the sustainable oil palm plantation
compared to the era before globalization. The first challenge sustainably is to further processing of plantation and oil palm
is related to the external condition as the impact of mobility waste becomes economic value, for example: some of the
liberalization of resources and investment as well as foreign plantation waste such as oil palm leaves, fronds, and trunks
trade threats which are immensely competitive. The second can be processed further and create double positive impact,
one is related to the internal condition which reflects the which is creating economic value and minimizing the
domestic micro and micro condition changes, such as the negative impacts of pollution and pest population attack on
Hakim (2007) states that basically composite can be The Stages of Information/Data Collection
defined as the mixture of macroscopic of fiber and matrix. On the stage of preliminary study preparation, survey
Fiber is a material which is much stronger than matrix and activity was conducted to perform the study on the socio-
functions to give pull strength. Meanwhile, the matrix has a economy condition of oil palm farmers in Kampar Regency
function to protect fiber from the environmental effect and and the internal strengths/weaknesses of oil palm farmers.
damage due to jolts. Motivation and skills owned in developing the oil palm
plantation business. Besides that, opportunity and market
chance studies were conducted on the composite panelboard
produced from the oil palm trunk material, including the cost
of production and competitiveness in the market.
The area of old-damaged plantation which has the Description of STP BPPT Serpong Laboratory
potential for raw material in the form of oil palm trunks in This testing was conducted in Polymer Technology
2011 as much as 54 hectares, in 2012 or on average of 4.5 ha Center Laboratory BPPT Serpong Gd. 460 Center for
per month increased up to 127 hectares and in 2013 reached Research in Science and Technology area – Serpong
up to 154 ha, or on average each month the area of oil palm Tangerang 15314 Banten. Agency for the Assessment and
plantation which has the potential to be raw material on Application of Technology (BPPT) is a non-department
average was between,5 ha - 12,83 ha each month. By governmental institution under the coordination of State
assuming the number of oil palm trunk is as many as 120 Ministry of Research and Technology which has the duty to
trees per hectare, then the number of oil palm trunks conduct governmental duty in the field of technological
available to be processed was 540 – 1539.6 trunks per studies and applications.
month.
The area of oil palm plantation in Kampar Regency socially developed the transmigration program that they
experienced an increase each year including the old- followed has given invaluable role and positive impacts on
damaged oil palm plantation (TTR). The increase of oil palm the life of the farmers.
plantation within the period of 2011- 2012 was 30,052 ha
(18.79 %) and on the following period (2012-2013) Age Sructure of Palm oil Farmer’s Household
increased as much as 470 ha (0.025 %). The area of old- From the survey results, it is known that oil palm
damaged plantation which has the potential for raw material farmer households in three districts were categorized into
in the form of oil palm trunks in 2011 as much as 54 productive age since 70 % of them were 20-60 years old,
hectares, in 2012 or on average 4.5 ha per month increased only 30% categorized into unproductive age.
up to 127 hectares and in 2013 reached up to 154 ha, or on
average of each month the area of oil palm plantation which Population’s education of Palm Tree Farmers
has the potential to be used as raw material ranged between Referring to the nine-year compulsory education which
4.5 ha - 12.83 ha each month. Based on that, the calculation has been set by the government, then 70% of oil palm farmer
of oil palm wood potential can be calculated using three households in the survey location were categorized as low,
scenarios, namely optimistic (220 m3 per hectare), moderate which was maximum of Junior High School graduates, even
(200 m3 per hectare), and pessimistic (164 m3 per hectare). there was one householder who did not complete his
elementary school, 28 % completed secondary education,
only 2 % completed Diploma three- equal education (D3).
B. Socio-economy, Cultural, and Environmental
Dimensions The Involvement of Householder in the Village-level
Organization
Population Diversity Generally, the farmers’ households participated in the
The oil palm farmer community in the research setting farmer group organization in their region. In the cooperation,
has a high diversity since they come from different regions there was 73 % of households who participated as members
and mostly from outside Riau Province. and committee of cooperation and other social organization
such as traditional arts organization; Quran recital, social
The oil palm farmer villagers in this research setting and death and other were relatively low which was only 15%
were dominated by farmers originating from Central Java as who took part.
much as 53.00 %, followed by farmers from East Java as
much as 12.00 % and farmers from North Sumatera as much The Involvement of Households in Training / Counseling
as 11.00 %, while Riau or local people was only 2.00 %. In relation with the participation of oil palm farmer
This is understandable since generally the oil palm farmers households in the activity of training and counseling on the
obtained the oil palm plantation land through PIR pattern fields which are considered able to improve the quality of
transmigration program during the New Order era. During human resources (SDM), it is known that all farmers’
the research, the 2 ha of oil palm land and ± 0.4 ha of oil households have participated in the training/counseling
palm trees in the yardland became owned by the farmers. It related to agriculture including plantation. However, there
Average 75,7199
Table 7:- THE TESTING RESULTS OF WATER CONTENT OF OIL PALM TRUNKS
Source: Researcher’s survey results
From the characteristics of particleboard testing as wood-alternative product illustrated above, it can clearly be concluded in
Table XVII
According to Raharjo (1999), the agricultural system Suggestions for Business Management
for villagers is their way of living. In the traditional rural From the answers of the respondents, they showed that
people, typically agricultural farming family and the will none of the residents were willing to carry out the idea of
manage the production process together. Most farming managing palm oil processing into commercial
society in the rural area is categorized as peasants. However, particleboards individually, either by using their own funds
according to Wolf (1983), the humblest peasants do not or through coaching. Only 8% of the population is willing to
produce to live biologically, but they also need a surplus implement the idea of a commercial business through a
agricultural result to finance their socio-cultural needs or group effort with mutual funds, 47% want to be
commonly known as social costs. implemented with a group business through coaching and 45
% is implemented by entrepreneurs or governmental parties.
ii. Particleboard with oil palm fiber and acrylate adhesive Recommendations
type.
From its characteristics, it can be stated that the i. Direct involvement of commercial business management
particleboard with acrylic adhesive can be used indoors and by corporate both from private institutions or government
hold lighter loads. is immensely expected. Challenges for farmers,
especially in matters of capital, technical skills, business
iii. Particleboard with oil palm fiber and unsaturated management, marketing results and others such as
polyester adhesive. bureaucracy and business communication. This is
In general, particleboards using unsaturated polyester motivated by the quality of human resources both in
adhesive has better characteristics compared to the other two terms of formal, non-formal education, poor knowledge,
samples, mainly in terms of ball indentation hardness which and limited experience.
reached up to 53 N/mm2 and the water content was 3.84 %. ii. It is suggested that the business of processing palm oil
Besides that, this particleboard has acid resistance and alkali waste into particleboard using all three sample
resistance, because in acidic conditions the particleboard characteristics, namely with unsaturated polyester
does not change, cracks, blisters, discoloration and color adhesives, acrylate adhesives, and phenol formaldehyde
fading. Likewise, in alkaline conditions, there is no change adhesives. This is because particleboards using
in the form of delamination, blasting, rupture, and softening. unsaturated polyester adhesives have better
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