Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Effect of Yogic and Physical Training on Respiration

Rate and Lung Capacity of Young Adults
Jagdish Chandra Arya* ; Dr. Divesh Chaudhary**
*Ph.D Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (U.P.).
** Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (U.P.).

Abstract:- I. INTRODUCTION

 Introduction: Physical education is the process of education which’s

The objective of this study was to investigate the goal is at the expertise of human capability by the means of
effect of yogic and physical training on respiration rate physical sequential movement fixed to realize this outcome.
and lung capacity of young adults. Another purpose of It contains the possession and filtration of motor skills, the
the study was to find out the comparatively better optional status of health’s development and maintenance of
training programs among Yogic and Physical training fitness, the attainment of knowledge, and the growth of
for young adults. positive behavior regarding physical sequential bodily
movement.
 Methods:
75 male students of the department of physical The successful child is nourished, progressed, and
education, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, specially schooled. Parents are catered for an environment
Meerut were randomly selected for the study. The of absolute specialization and devotion created and the
subjects were divided into three groups i.e. one control potential champion, often devoid of social life, is made, not
and two experimental groups for the study. The age of a representation of but an exception of society, for the hope
the subjects was ranged between 17 to 21 years. for achieving a gold medal and the enhancement of Nation’s
Criterion measures for this study were different test pride. (Keeney E. 1992)
items for respiration rate and lung capacity such as: To
measure respiration rate about the young adults, Manual The present study is considered with various
method was used. To measure lung capacity about the physiological variables to compile the physiological
young adults, Spiro Meter was used. To find out the effect characteristics of young adults the following physiological
of yogic and physical training on respiration rate and variables were taken into consideration: respiration rate,
lung capacity of young adults, the t-test was used. For lung capacity, vital capacity, blood pressure, and pulse
the testing of hypotheses, the level of significance was set rate. The physiological side of humans is to enhance the
at 0.05. human body capacity to increase the value of oxygen intake
to the muscle cell. It can do in several ways by increasing
 Results and Discussion: the rate of breathing by increasing the time of breathing by
The result reveals that there was significant (p<.05) increasing of the rate at blood also increasing the amount of
effect of yogic and physical training on respiration rate hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, and increasing
and lung capacity of young adults. Based on findings and the rate at which blood flow with increasing the rate at
within the limitation of the study it was noticed that which oxygen is unloaded from the blood at the muscle cell.
effect of yogic and physical training helped to improve (Astrand & Rodahl, 1986)
speed and cardiovascular endurance of young adults.
Since respiration rate and lung capacity of the subject of In dictionaries, physiology is the science body
experiment group was found to be statistically significant functioning of living organisms. It has a compound intense
since the obtained values was found to be higher than the bonding with the address of diminishing science. These have
tabulated value. a big effect on the life and health status of individuals. It is
defined as the degree of the task under specific ambit
Keywords:- Respiration Rate, Lung Capacity, Yogic conditions. Most authors define physical fitness as a
Training, Physical Training. capacity of carrying out everyday activities i.e. do daily
routine work and have enough energy to face the emergency
problem. (James, 2009).

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Good health adds to life quality. Regular exercise and Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut were
good physical fitness enhance life quality in many ways. randomly selected for the study. The subjects were divided
Physical fitness and exercise can help us to enhance every into three groups i.e. one control and two experimental
aspect of life. Physical activity gives us a platform to use groups for the study. The age of the subjects was ranged
leisure time joyfully. Exercise is a bodily movement between 17 to 21 years. Criterion measures for this study
performed in series to grow or health status and well being. were different test items for respiration rate and lung
It is any physical movement that results in physical efforts capacity such as: To measure respiration rate about the young
of required time, amount, and load to get or to be adults, Manual method was used. To measure lung capacity
fit. (Draper N. & Marshall H. 2014) about the young adults, Spiro Meter was used. To find out the
effect of yogic and physical training on respiration rate and
II. METHODOLOGY lung capacity of young adults, the t-test was used. For the
testing of hypotheses, the level of significance was set at
The subjects of the study were randomly selected in 75 0.05.
male students of the department of physical education,

 PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM

S. N. Day Physical Training Duration Total Duration

1 Monday Running continuously 20 nin.
Normal stretching from toe to head- 10 min. 40 Min.
60 mtr. 6 repetitions for 90% accuracy. 10 min.
2 Tuesday Warm-up 5 min.
Leg exercises (active and passive) 10 min.
Trunk exercises (active and passive) 10 min. 40 Min.
Hand exercises (active and passive) 10 min.
Stretching with the help of the equipments. 5 min.
3 Wednesday Warm-up 10 min.
Normal stretching 10 min. 40 Min.
150 mtr. 6 repetitions for 80% accuracy. 20 min.
4 Thursday Warm-up 10 min.
Normal stretching 10 min. 40 Min.
500 mtr 4 repetitions for 75% accuracy. 20 min.
5 Friday Warm-up 10 min.
Normal stretching 10 min. 40 Min.
250 mtr 4 repetitions for 80% accuracy. 20 min.

 YOGA TRAINING PROGRAM

S. N. Day Yogic Training Duration Total Duration

1 Monday Chanting of Manta (Starting Prayer) 03 Min.
Surya Namaskar 07 Min.
Asanas: Standing Asanas (1-3 Repitation) 20 Min
Pranayama: Kapalbhati: Simple (3 Repitation) 03 Min. 40 Min.
Nadi Shodan: Anulom-Vilom (3 Repitation) 02 Min
QRT (Quic Relaxation Technique) 03 Min
Finishing Prayer 02 Min
2 Tuesday Chanting of Manta (Starting Prayer) 03 Min.
Sukshma Vyayam 07 Min.
Asanas: Supine Line Asanas (1-3 Repitation) 20 Min
Pranayama: Kapalbhati: Right – Left (3 Repitation) 03 Min. 40 Min.
Nadi Shodan: Surya Shodan (3 Repitation) 02 Min
QRT (Quic Relaxation Technique) 03 Min
Finishing Prayer 02 Min
3 Wednesday Chanting of Manta (Starting Prayer) 03 Min.
Surya Namaskar 07 Min.
Asanas: Pronation Asanas(1-3 Repitation) 20 Min
Pranayama: Kapalbhati: Hold One Nostil(3 Repitation) 03 Min. 40 Min.
Nadi Shodan: Sheetali (3 Repitation) 02 Min
QRT (Quic Relaxation Technique) 03 Min
Finishing Prayer 02 Min

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
4 Thursday Chanting of Manta (Starting Prayer) 03 Min.
Sukshma Vyayam 07 Min.
Asanas: Long Sitting Asanas(1-3 Repitation) 20 Min
Pranayama: Kapalbhati: Simple(3 Repitation) 03 Min. 40 Min.
Nadi Shodan: Anulom-Vilom (3 Repitation) 02 Min
QRT (Quic Relaxation Technique) 03 Min
Finishing Prayer 02 Min
5 Friday Chanting of Manta (Starting Prayer) 03 Min.
Sukshma Vyayam 07 Min. 40 Min.
Asanas: Twesting Asanas(1-3 Repitation) 20 Min
Pranayama: Kapalbhati: Right – Left (3 Repitation) 03 Min.
Nadi Shodan: Surya Shodan (3 Repitation) 02 Min
QRT (Quic Relaxation Technique) 03 Min
Finishing Prayer 02 Min

III. RESULTS OF THE STUDY

To find out yogic and physical training effect on pre and post respiration rate of young adults in the experimental group and
control group, Dependent t-test statistics was used and presented in table-1.

Respiration Rate Pre Post t.ratio

Experimental Group of Yogic Training Mean 24.040 17.480 13.027*
S.D 3.088 1.782
Experimental Group of Physical Mean 23.320 15.520 14.407*
Training S.D 3.158 1.851
Control Group Mean 24.040 25.240 -1.541
S.D 3.088 2.146
TABLE-1:- T-ratio of pre and post respiration rate of young adults in experimental group and control group
*Significant at .05 level
t-value required to be significant at 24 df =1.71

It is evident from table-1 that significant difference was found in yogic training between pre and post respiration rates of
young adults in the experimental group as the t-value was found 13.027. This was a higher value than the required value at .05
level of significance, significant difference was found in physical training between pre and post respiration rate of young adults in
the experimental group as the t-value was found 14.407. This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of
significance, but insignificant difference was found between pre and post respiration rates of young adults in the control group as
the t-value was found -1.541. This was a lower value than the required value at .05 level of significance.

The scores are also illustrated in the figure-1.

Control Group Post Mean

Physical Training Group Post Mean

Yoga Training Group Post Mean

Control Group Pre Mean

Physical Training Group Pre Mean

Yoga Training Group Pre Mean

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fig -1

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
To find out yogic and physical training effect pre and post respiration rate of young adults in the experimental group after
three, six, nine and twelve weeks, Dependent t-test statistics was used and presented in table-2.

Data Collation Yoga training effect on Respiration Rate Physical Training effect on Respiration Rate
Duration Pre Weeks t.ratio Pre Weeks t.ratio
01-03 Weeks Three Mean 24.040 24.080 -.098 Mean 23.320 21.960 4.461*
Weeks S.D 3.088 1.579 S.D 3.158 2.423
01-06 Weeks Six Mean 24.040 25.040 -3.693* Mean 23.320 20.360 7.775*
Weeks S.D 3.088 2.188 S.D 3.158 2.343
01-09 Weeks Nine Mean 24.040 23.040 2.225* Mean 23.320 16.680 13.565*
Weeks S.D 3.088 1.171 S.D 3.158 1.973
01-012 Weeks Twelve Mean 24.040 17.480 13.027* Mean 23.320 15.520 14.407*
Weeks S.D 3.088 1.782 S.D 3.158 1.851
Table-2:- T-ratio of pre and post respiration rate of young adults in experimental group after three, six, nine and twelve weeks
*Significant at .05 level
t-value required to be significant at 24 df =1.71

It is evident from table-2 that insignificant difference was found in yogic training between pre and after three weeks
respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found -.098. This was a lower value than the required value at .05 level of
significance, a significant difference was found in yogic training between pre and after six weeks respiration rate of young adults
as the t-value was found -3.693. This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of significance, significant difference
was found in yogic training between pre and after nine weeks respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found 2.225. This
was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of significance and significant difference was found in yogic training
between pre and after twelve weeks respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found 13.027. This was a higher value than
the required value at .05 level of significance.

A significant difference was found in physical training between pre and after three weeks respiration rate of young adults as
the t-value was found 4.461. This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of significance, significant difference was
found in physical training between pre and after six weeks respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found 7.775. This
was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of significance, significant difference was found in physical training
between pre and after nine weeks respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found 13.565. This was a higher value than
the required value at .05 level of significance and significant difference was found in physical training between pre and after
twelve weeks respiration rate of young adults as the t-value was found 14.407. This was a higher value than the required value at
.05 level of significance.

The scores are also illustrated in the figure-2.

Fig 2

To find out the yogic and physical training effect on pre and post-lung capacity of young adults in the experimental group
and control group, Dependent t-test statistics was used and presented in table-3.

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Lung Capacity Pre Post t.ratio
Experimental Group of Yogic Training Mean 5262.00 6476.00 -19.791*
S.D 393.509 381.094
Experimental Group of Physical Training Mean 5200.00 6600.00 -22.711*
S.D 414.326 390.512
Control Group Mean 5308.00 5272.00 1.674
S.D 515.525 478.295
Table-3:- T-ratio of pre and post lung capacity of young adults in experimental group and control group
*Significant at .05 level
t-value required to be significant at 24 df =1.71

It is evident from table-3 that significant difference was found in yogic training between pre and post-lung capacity of young
adults in the experimental group as the t-value was found -19.791. This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of
significance, significant difference was found in physical training between pre and post lung capacity of young adults in the
experimental group as the t-value was found -22.711. This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level of significance,
but insignificant difference was found between pre and post-lung capacity of young adults in the control group as the t-value was
found 1.674. This was a lower value than the required value at .05 level of significance.

The scores are also illustrated in the figure-3.

Fig 3

To find out yogic and physical training effect pre and post-lung capacity of young adults in the experimental group after
three, six, nine and twelve weeks, Dependent t-test statistics was used and presented in table-4.

Data Collation Yoga training effect on Lung Capacity Physical Training effect on Lung Capacity
Duration Pre Weeks t.ratio Pre Weeks t.ratio
01-03 Weeks Three Mean 5262 5300 -4.321 Mean 5200 5228 -1.231
Weeks S.D 393.509 400.00 S.D 414.33 365.74
01-06 Weeks Six Mean 5262 5324 -2.544* Mean 5200 5600 -7.071*
Weeks S.D 393.509 360.87 S.D 414.33 404.15
01-09 Weeks Nine Mean 5262 5636 -7.035* Mean 5200 6428 -21.763*
Weeks S.D 393.509 330.2 S.D 414.33 395.31
01-012 Weeks Twelve Mean 5262 6476 - Mean 5200 6600. -22.711*
Weeks S.D 393.509 381.09 19.791* S.D 414.33 390.51
Table-4:- T-ratio of pre and post lung capacity of young adults in experimental group after three, six, nine and twelve weeks
*Significant at .05 level
t-value required to be significant at 24 df =1.71

It is evident from table-4 that significant difference found in yogic training between pre and after six weeks lung
was found in yogic training between pre and after three capacity of young adults as the t-value was found -2.544.
weeks of the lung capacity of young adults as the t-value This was a higher value than the required value at .05 level
was found -4.321. This was a higher value than the required of significance, significant difference was found in yogic
value at .05 level of significance, significant difference was training between pre and after nine weeks lung capacity of

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
young adults as the t-value was found -7.035. This was a young adults as the t-value was found -7.071. This was a
higher value than the required value at .05 level of higher value than the required value at .05 level of
significance and significant difference was found in yogic significance, significant difference was found in physical
training between pre and after twelve weeks lung capacity of training between pre and after nine weeks lung capacity of
young adults as the t-value was found -19.791. This was a young adults as the t-value was found -21.763. This was a
higher value than the required value at .05 level of higher value than the required value at .05 level of
significance. significance and significant difference was found in physical
training between pre and after twelve weeks lung capacity of
An insignificant difference was found in physical young adults as the t-value was found -22.711. This was a
training between pre and after three weeks of the lung higher value than the required value at .05 level of
capacity of young adults as the t-value was found -1.231. significance.
This was a lower value than the required value at .05 level
of significance, significant difference was found in physical The scores are also illustrated in the figure-4.
training between pre and after six weeks lung capacity of

Fig 4

IV. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS The result of the study revealed significant difference
between the mean scores of yogic and physical training
The present study was designed to explore effect on pre and post Respiration Rate and Lung Capacity
comparatively better training between yogic and physical of young adults in the experimental group. The mean score
training programs for young adults. The purpose of this of yogic training young adults group were found higher than
study was to find a better training program (yogic training the control group young adults, but mean score of yogic
and physical training) for the young adults. Although the training young adults were found lower than the physical
research scholar did not interfere with the personal lifestyle training young adults group. We cannot deny the fact that
of the young adults, some facts may be inaccessible. Which physical training has more effect on physical characteristics
training program (yogic training and physical training) will than physical training because any physical training is more
be more beneficial in looking at the lifestyle of young adults effective than physical training on the Respiration Rate and
and making their lifestyle more effective, it has been seen in Lung Capacity of humans. The results of this study also
this study. In order to achieve the objectives, Respiration point to the same. The result of present study is also on the
Rate and Lung Capacity of young adults were collected line of the studies conducted by Malipatil, R. P. & Patil, S.
from various scientific aspects and after that the young S. (2016), It was drawn conclusions that after the training of
adults were divided into three groups i.e. one control and yoga and physical exercise both training have improved
two experimental group for the study. After which these physical and physiological Sharma A., & Parihar R. (2016),
groups were trained, after that data were obtained from all Results indicated that flexibility and endurance was
these groups again. Before going to the conclusion of the improved significantly and thereby improved the academic
study, it must be understood that the progress of any country performance of the students significantly for the
depends on its younger generation. His positive contribution experimental group irrespective of gender. The study has
definitely helps any society or country to move in the right important implications for school students for employing
direction. yogic exercises in their school curriculum. Cao Z. B., Maeda
A., Shima N. & et. al. (2007), These findings from the

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
present investigation provide evidence of significant
improvements in physical performance related to the risk
factors of falling and safe gait strategy with a combined
exercise intervention program in community-dwelling
elderly women. The results suggest this exercise
intervention could be an effective approach to ameliorate the
risk factors for falls and to promote safer locomotion in
elderly community-dwelling women.

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