Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- The research paper is the analysis of age like ‘Traditional Newspaper’, ‘News channels on
playing a major factor in the newspaper reading Television’, News on Mobile Apps’, ‘Any social media
patterns. It establishes a relation between Reading platforms’ where values assigned to them are 4, 3, 2 and 1).
frequency and Reading Platforms and Birth Year. A
series of statistical tools are used for the same. III. ANALYSIS
Moving Average
4
3
Value
2
Actual
1
0 Forecast
1 5 9 13172125293337414549
Data Point
Fig 1
Interpretation: The 5 Yearly Moving Average of Reading Frequency indicates a downward sloping trend. In our analysis, it
means that the older generation reads newspapers daily whereas the younger generation reads newspaper occasionally. The further
generations will read newspaper less frequently or not at all.
The graphical representation of the 5 yearly moving average of Reading Platforms is:
Moving Average
5
4
3
Value
2 Actual
1 Forecast
0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49
Data Point
Fig 2
Interpretation: The 5 Yearly Moving Average of an observed value, and the fitted value provided by a
Reading Platform indicates a downward sloping trend and model). When the problem has substantial uncertainties in
an upward trend at the end. This represents that the older the independent variable (the x variable), then simple
generation reads the traditional newspaper and News regression and least-squares methods have problems; in
Channels on Television whereas the younger generation is such cases, the methodology required for fitting errors-in-
more tech-savvy and reads news on Mobile Apps. However, variables models may be considered instead of that for least
some exceptions exist. squares.
C. Least Square Regression and Trend Least Square Regression and Trend of Reading
The Least Squares Regression Line is the line that Frequency
makes the vertical distance from the data points to The least square regression is analyses the regression
the regression line as small as possible. It’s called a “least of Average of Reading Frequency. It also plots the trend and
squares” because the best line of fit is one that minimizes estimates the trend values in 2019. The regression estimates
the variance (the sum of squares of the errors). the trend in this analysis.
The most important application is in data fitting. The The Estimation of Reading Frequency by Least Square
best fit in the least-squares sense minimizes the sum of Regression and Trend is as follows:
squared residuals (a residual being: the difference between
The Value of 2019 is the estimated trend value. Here, the values ‘a’ and ‘b’ used in estimating Y are found by regression.
These values are 2.54056029182924 and -0.00894250908634371 respectively.
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2019
Fig 3
Interpretation: The Least Square Method of Time Least Square regression and trend of Reading Platform
Series interpretes a downward sloping trend of reading The least square regression is analyses the regression
frequency as the age decreases. Hence it means that the of Average of Reading Platform. It also plots the trend and
older generation reads newspapers daily whereas the estimates the trend values in 2019. The regression estimates
younger generation reads newspaper occassionally. The the trend in this analysis.
trend estimates the reading frequency of people born in
2019 and it turns out to be ‘Sometimes’. Hence the next The Estimation of Reading Frequency by Least Square
generation will also see a gradual decline in the reading Regression and Trend is as follows:
frequency of the newspapers.
The Value of 2019 is the estimated trend value. Here, the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are 2.71507528974119 and -
0.00951190876339264 respectively which are found through regression.
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2019
Fig 4
IV. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
[1]. https://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/
[2]. www.investopedia.com
[3]. www.wikipedia.com
[4]. https://www.britannica.com/