Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Effect of Land Use on the Road’s Level of

Service In Lawang – Singosari Road Due to the
Construction of Malang – Pandaan Toll Road
Wahyu Ramadhan Budi Sugiarto Waloejo
Student, Department of Urban and Regional Planning Lecture, Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University
Malang, Indonesia Malang, Indonesia

Imma Widyawati Agustin

Lecture, Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University
Malang, Indonesia

Abstract:- The uncontrolled development of land use maintain traveled distance (Rahayu, 2016). The growth of
and the increasing of intercity transportation’s the transportation network cannot balance the economic
movement in the main corridor cause the decreasing growth and land use makes overcapacity exists. The
road’s level of service in Lawang – Singosari Street. The intensity of land use's activities which is increasing, push
policy of Malang – Pandaan toll road development is the increasing of the volume of transportation too which
expected to be able to decrease the congestion on the affects more in the traveled distance to cause a traffic jam.
artery road. The aim of this study is to count the impact The policy of the development of Malang – Pandaan Toll
of land use in the road’s level of service on Lawang – Road was done to maintain travel distance and increase
Singosari street. The vehicle's movement from the land accessibility.
use's activities is analyzed using multiple linear
regression, meanwhile, the analysis method used for the II. METHODOLOGY
movement of continuous traffic and branching road is
traffic flow and traffic diversion curve analysis. The This study uses the interaction between transportation
result of this study shows the contribution of the subsystem concepts which is land use activity and network
attraction and generation volume of movement due to system which these interactions will produce movement
33.5% of land use. The development of Malang – system. This study is descriptive study using a quantitative
Pandaan toll road affects to the volume of the approach so it can measure the effect from land use’s
continuous traffic which is diverse through the toll road variable and the development of Malang – Pandaan Road
that reaches 61% and causes the increasing Toll statistically towards the level of service in Lawang –
contribution of the attraction and generation volume of Singosari Street. The methodologies of this study consist
land use due to 50.1%. of:

Keywords:- Movement Model; Land Use; Road’s Level of A. Research Variable

Service; Toll Road. Variable and sub-variable in this study are determined
based on the aim of the study through related theories and
I. INTRODUCTION previous studies. The variables of the study are including:

In a developing country, the increasing of intercity 1) Road Capacity

transportations that are dominated by private vehicles and Variable of the road capacity consists of several sub-
less public transportation support and the policy of land use variables: road geometric, flow composition and road
can cause congestion (Fatemeh Salarvandian, 2017). The separator, sideways roadblock, and traffic regulation.
decreasing of function and road capacity is because of the
traffic volume in the attraction and generation especially in 2) Traffic Flow
trading and service (Waloejo, Surjono, & Sulistio, 2012). Variable of the traffic low consists of several sub-
The development of trading and service area in the main variables: external traffic flow (consistent flow and
corridor can give effect towards the road's level of service branching road flow) and internal traffic flow.
(Agustin, 2017). The integration of street modeling and
land use becomes the tools to estimate land use’s pattern 3) Attraction and Generation Modelling of Land Use
and the increasing of traffic volume in the future Variable of generation models and land use consist of
(Mohammad Tayarani, 2018). The increasing road capacity sub-variables: generation of land use movements and
and the formation of a new road can be several solutions to attraction of land use movements.

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
4) Traffic Diversion C. Data Analysis
Traffic diversion variable consists of several sub- ATA analysis in this study uses evaluative analysis.
variables: external traffic flow (continuous traffic), distance The results of the analysis are as follows:
(the length of the road), and traveled distance.
1) The Analysis of Road’s Level of service
B. Data Collecting This analysis is done by comparing the capacities of
The method of data collecting is done through the road towards the volume of the vehicle which passes on
primary and secondary surveys. The researcher of this it so the researcher can get the road's level of service.
study elaborates the method for every variable and sub-
variable as follows: 2) Road Capacity
The analysis of road capacity is done to count the
1) Road Capacity level of the road’s ability to accommodate the traffic flow
The variable of road capacity is done by field by measuring the basic capacity, adjustment factor of the
observation through measuring the road geometric, the road’s width, adjustment factor of the sideways’ width,
volume of the vehicle, and sideways roadblock in the street flow composition and direction separator, sideways
of the study. roadblock, and the city’s size as well as the traffic
regulation.
2) Traffic Flow
The variable of vehicle traffic flow is done by field 3) Traffic Flow
observation by measuring the vehicles. The internal flow The analysis of traffic flow is an analysis to count the
measuring is by counting the vehicles that were in and out volume of the vehicle that passes through a certain road.
in the land use. Meanwhile, the continuous traffic flow uses This analysis is used to find out the average daily traffic.
plat matching technique and external flow (branching road)
through the counting of the vehicles that were in and out in 4) Analysis of Correlation and Linear Regression
the main branching road. The correlation analysis is the analysis to find out the
level of the relationship between land use’s characteristics
3) Attraction and Generation Modelling of Land Use and internal volume traffic. Meanwhile, analysis double
The variable of attraction and generation modeling of linear regression in this study is used stepwise methods;
land use is done by field observation by identifying the this analysis is used to compose the best equation of the
type of land use and vehicle's volume measurement due to characteristic effects of land use towards the movement
land use. Meanwhile, the data collecting is from a related from the land use.
questionnaire about the characteristic condition of land use
that can affect the attraction and generation in it. 5) Traffic Diversion (Diversion Curve)
The measurement of vehicle diversion values in this
4) Traffic Diversion study uses diversion curve of travel time and distance
The variable of traffic diversion is done by field saving between the main road of Lawang – Singosari and
observation through continuous traffic measurement using Malang – Pandaan Toll Road.
plat matching technique and also the margin of distance
and traveled distance between Artery Street and the toll
road.

Capacity of Road
- Basic capacity Road s Road s Level of
- factor for direction separation Road Capacity Level of Service on Lawang -
- Effective Road Width Analysis Service Singosari Street
- Side Obstacle Conditions Analysis before the Malang -
- Total Population Pandaan Toll Road

Traffic Flow Road s Level of

- Internal volume Traffic Flow Service on Lawang
- External volume Analysis - Singosari Street
After the Malang -
Characteristics of Toll Roads Analysis of Pandaan Toll Road
- Length of Road Continuous Flow
- Traveling time Diversion across
Effect of Generation
- Plan for Traffic Schemes the Toll Road
and Attraction Land
Use on Road s Level of
service Before and
Variable from Land Use
After Toll Roads
Number of Kend Ownership.
Generation /
Number of floors Analysis of
Correlation Attraction
Number of employees Multiple Linear
Analysis Modelling for
Parking area Regression
land use
Building area
Etc ...

Fig 1:- Framework of research methods

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

HIGHWAY
Veksternal-4
Veksternal-4
OPERATIONAL

Branching
EXISTING

Branching
INTERACTION

Road
INTERACTION V1 V2 V3 V4 V1 V2 V3 V4

Road
SCHEMES
SCHEME

Veksternal 1 – Veksternal 2 –
Veksternal-1 Main Road Veksternal-2 (Ptol x Veksternal 1) Main road (Ptol x Veksternal 2)

V5 V6 V5 V6

Veksternal-3 Veksternal-3

CONTINUOUS FLOW FLOW DIVERSION

WAS TOLL ROAD

Fig 2:- Research concept (Waloejo, 2013)

In order to find out the interaction modeling between

land use and road network, the formula that is used is
(Waloejo, 2013) :
VTotal = ∑ Vinternal + ∑ Veksternal (1
)
where :
∑ Vtotal = Total volume of vehicle’s movement/ hour on the
main road corridor
∑ Vinternal = Total volume of the vehicle's movement/hour
from the whole attraction and generation of land use
∑ Vexternal = Total volume of the vehicle's movement from
the movement of the environment road volume and the
continuous traffic on the main road.

So, to count the road’s level of service (PKJI, 2014),

the formula used is based on the model interaction as
follows:
𝐕 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 (𝐩𝐜𝐮/𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫)
Road’s Level of Service (DJ) = (2
𝐂 (𝐩𝐜𝐮/𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫)
)

where Vtotal is the vehicle/hour movement volume

which is on the corridor of the main street and C is the
road’s level of service.

III. RESULT

The location of this study is on the main road of

Lawang – Singosari. The road network in that road is
including in the national category of the road with the
hierarchy as primer artery since it connects Malang and
Surabaya. The location image of the study and the segment
division on the road will be presented as follow.

Fig 3:- Research Location Mapping on Lawang – Singosari

Street

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
This land uses along the main road of Lawang – a. Mechanic Shop and Buying/Selling Vehicles
Singosari. They are including: Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
drawn from it is Y = 0.863 + 0.401 (building area) + 0.549
No Type of Land use Population (number of the visitor) with the land use’s characteristics
average around 63.3 m2 and the number of the visitors are
1 Housing 65 around 54 people.
2 Trading and Service 320
Mechanic Shop and b. Supermarket
1 48
Buying/Selling Vehicles Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
2 Supermarket 17 drawn from it is Y = - 0.443 + 0.403 (parking lot area) +
3 Printing and Convection Service 16 0.357 (building area) + 0.323 (number of the visitor) with
4 Cafe and Restaurant 22 the land use’s characteristics average around 74 m2, 108.7
5 Daily Needs Shop 39 m2 for the building area and 191 visitors.
6 Clothing and Accessories Shop 16
7 Handphone and Credit Shop 17 c. Printing and Convection Service
8 Small Shop 70 Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
The building, Furnishing, and drawn from it is Y = 2.907 + 0.415 (parking lot area ) +
9 45
Electronic Shop 0.822 (number of the visitor) with the land use’s
10 Gas Station 2 characteristics average is 42.6 m2 for the parking lot area
11 Other Trading and Service 28 and 49 visitors.
3 Education 8
4 Officce 36 d. Cafe and Restaurant
5 Worship Place 4 Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
6 Industry and Warehouse 29 drawn from it is Y = - 7.501 + 0.677 (parking lot area) +
7 Health 17 0.466 (number of the visitor) with the land use’s
Total 479 characteristics average is 63 m2 for the parking lot area and
Empty Building 65 120 visitors.
Table 1:- Type Identification of Land Use
e. Daily Needs Shop
Based on Table 1, the dominating land use in the area Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
of the study is trading and service with total amoung 67% drawn from it is Y = - 20.532 + 0.735 (building area) +
and 14% for housing so the effect of land use towards the 0.423 (number of the visitor) with the land use’s
road’s level of service will focus more on that land use. characteristics average is 64.7 m2 for the building area and
203 visitors.
A. Road Capacity
The main road of Lawang – Singosari has the basic f. Clothing and Accessories Shop
capacity (Co) with the total amount of 6.600 pcu/hour, the Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
value of capacity adjustment factor for direction separation drawn from it is Y = - 30.755 + 0.795 (building area) +
(FCPA) is 1. Meanwhile, the value of capacity adjustment 0.498 (number of the visitors) with the land use’s
for sideways roadblock (FCHS) is 0.96 and the value of characteristics average is 72.7 m2 for the building area
capacity adjustment for lanes' width/traffic lanes (FCLJ) is (X35) and 170 visitors (X36).
0,96. Last but not least, the capacity adjustment factor for
the city size (FCUK) is 1 so it can be drawn that the capacity g. Handphone and Credit Shop
on Lawang – Singosari Street is 6.209 pcu/hour. Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
drawn from it is Y = 21.873 + 1.484 (parking lot area) +
B. Attraction and Generation of Land Use Modelling 0.133 (number of the visitors) with the land use’s
characteristics average is 22.6 m2 for the parking lot area
1) Land Use Housing and 91 visitors.
Based on the result of the analysis, the model shown
from the result with the equation Y = 1.208 + 0.023 h. Small Shop
(building area) + 0.407 (the number of family members) + Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
0.335 (vehicle ownership) with the average land use’s drawn from it is Y = 2.628 + 0.687 (building area) + 0.130
characteristic, the building area is 66.37 m2. On the other (number of the visitors) with the land use’s characteristics
hand, the number of family members is 4 people and the average is 39.6 m2 for the building area and 96 visitors.
number of vehicle ownership is 4 units.
i. The building, Furnishing, and Electronic Shop
2) Land Use Trading and Service Based on the result of the analysis, the equation
Based on the result of double linear regression drawn from it is Y = - 21.423 + 0.272 (building area) +
analysis, there is attraction movement modeling in the 0.816 (number of the visitors) with the land use’s
trading and service land use. The several types of that characteristics average is 75 m2 for the building area and
modeling based on the activities are as follow: 163 visitors.

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
j. Gas Station
Based on the result of the analysis, the equation b. Drug Store / Clinic
drawn from it is Y = - 3.255 + 12.867 (building area) with Based on the previous study, the equation drawn
the land use’s characteristics average is 230 m2 for the from it is Y = - 11.700 + 1.501 (number of the visitor) +
building area. 0.114 (building area) with the land use’s characteristics
average is 33 visitors and 108 m2 for the building area.
k. Other Trading and Service
Based on the result of the analysis, the equation Here is the recapitulation of attraction and generation
drawn from it is Y = - 30.860 + 0.300 (building area) + land use modeling's application along the main road of
0.708 (number of traffic) with the land use’s characteristics Lawang – Singosari.
average is 81 m2 for the building area and 145 visitors.

3) Land Use Office

Based on the previous study, the equation drawn
from it is Y = - 64.733 + 1.257 (building area) + 0.240
(number of the visitor) with the land use’s characteristics
average is 586 m2 for the building area and 45 visitors.

4) Land Use Education

Based on the previous study, the equation drawn
from it is Y = - 8.762 + 0.111 (number of the student) +
0.163 (building area) with the land use’s characteristics
average is 842.6 m2 for the building area. Meanwhile, there
are 321 students.

5) Industry and Warehouse Land Use

Based on the previous study, the equation drawn Fig 4:- Graph of Application of Vehicle Movement Model
from it is Y = - 5.104 + 0.736 (number of the employee) + due to Land Use on Lawang – Singosari Street
1.832 (delivery frequency) with the land use’s
characteristics average is 56 employees and the delivery Based on figure 4, it can be seen that the biggest land
frequency is 18 delivery in a day. use vehicle's movement modeling that attraction or
generation the movement is land use trading and service
6) Land Use Public Health which is 32696.5 pcu/day. The second biggest land use is
Based on the previous study, there is attraction from the office which is 4613.47 pcu/day. The least land
movement modeling in health land use. The several types use movement modeling that attracts the movement in
of that modeling based on the activities are as follow: place of public worship which is only 276.5 pcu/day.

a. Hospital or Health Center C. External Traffic Flow (Continuous Traffic)

Based on the previous study, the equation drawn The measurement of traffic flow is done to find out
from it is Y = - 2.354 + 0.360 (number of the daily the vehicle's movement that has traveled continuously in
patient) + 0.038 (inpatient room area) with the land use’s every segment. Here is the continuous traffic flow on
characteristics average is 220 patients and 625 m2 for the Lawang – Singosari Street.
inpatient room area.

Continuous Volume (unit)

Time Total of continuous volume (pcu/hour)
MC LV HV
06.00 - 07.00 6126 2513 323 4432.1
07.00 - 08.00 5632 2580 310 4360
08.00 - 09.00 4772 2486 269 4001.8
09.00 - 10.00 2509 2178 247 3101.65
14.00 - 15.00 3141 2124 267 3229.65
15.00 - 16.00 3023 2530 273 3613.35
16.00 - 17.00 3571 2226 259 3429.55
17.00 - 18.00 4823 2444 367 4090.15
18.00 - 19.00 4384 2318 349 3832.8
Total 37981 21399 2664 34091.05
Table 2:- Continuous Traffic Volume on Lawang - Singosari Street

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Based on Table 2, the volume of the continuous people who go to school or office along on Lawang –
traffic on Lawang – Singosari street that facing the density Singosari Street. It can also because of the intercity
of vehicles is in the morning starts from 06.00 – 07.00 am. movement through that road.
The vehicle's volume is around 4432.1 pcu/hour. On the
other hand, the volume of the vehicle in the afternoon D. External Traffic Flow (Branching Road)
starts from 5.00 – 6.00 pm is 4090.15 pcu/hour. The The total vehicle’s volume on the whole branching
indication of this event is caused by the movement of road especially is analyzed every hour.

Time Branching road Volume (pcu/hour)

06.00 - 07.00 302.6
07.00 - 08.00 322.1
08.00 - 09.00 281.45
09.00 - 10.00 294.85
14.00 - 15.00 258.2
15.00 - 16.00 269.7
16.00 - 17.00 309.5
17.00 - 18.00 350.65
18.00 - 19.00 372
Total 2761.05
Table 3:- Branching Road Traffic Volume On Lawang – Singosari Street

Based on Table 3, the traffic’s volume of branching E. The Effect of Land Use towards Road’s Level of Service
road on Lawang – Singosari Street faces its rush hour in before the Development of Malang – Pandaan Toll Road
the morning starts from 07.00 – 08.00 am and 05.00 – Based on the result of the capacity measurement and
08.00 pm in the afternoon. traffic flow volume on Lawang – Singosari Street, it can be
concluded that the result of the road’s level of service and
the effect of land use on that main road before the
development of the toll road is as follows:

Time Total Volume (pcu/hour) Volume of Land use (pcu/hour) DJ LOS Effect of Land Use (%)
06.00 - 07.00 5141.29 406.59 0.83 D 7.9
07.00 - 08.00 5894.87 1212.77 0.95 E 20.6
08.00 - 09.00 6109.19 1825.94 0.98 E 29.9
09.00 - 10.00 5173.58 1777.08 0.83 D 34.3
14.00 - 15.00 5235.25 1747.40 0.84 D 33.4
15.00 - 16.00 5521.81 1638.76 0.89 E 29.7
16.00 - 17.00 5515.25 1776.20 0.89 E 32.2
17.00 - 18.00 5896.59 1455.79 0.95 E 24.7
18.00 - 19.00 5109.93 905.13 0.82 D 17.7
Table 4:- Road Level of Service and Effect of Land Use on Lawang Singosari Street

Fig 5:- Graph of comparison of attraction and generation volume of land use, total volume and capacity of road

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Based on Table 5, it can be seen that the vehicle’s happens in the afternoon starts from 04.00 – 05.00 pm. It is
movement due to land use towards the total vehicle volume happened because of the high intensity of people's activities
in every segment on Lawang – Singosari Street before the in trading and service aspects in the morning till afternoon.
operational hour of Malang – Pandaan Toll Road has
percentage around 7.9 – 34.3% with different contribution F. Continuous Traffic Flow Diversion
in every hour of observation. This study uses diversion curve to determine the
estimation of separation traffic that chooses Malang –
It shows that before the toll road was opened, the Pandaan Toll Road and traffic that is left behind through on
contribution of external traffic flow (continuous traffic) was Lawang – Singosari Street. This curve uses the variable
more dominating compared to local flow (land use). On that consists of the difference between distance and traveled
segment 1, the biggest volume contribution due to land use distance between vehicle’s movements which go through
happens in the morning starts from 09.00 – 10.00 am is the main road of Simpang Karanglo – Purwodadi Toll Gate
34.3%. Meanwhile, the volume percentage around 32.2% and those vehicles on the Karanglo – Purwodadi Toll Road.

Time Difference in Travel Time (minutes) difference in distance (km) Flow Diversion (%)
06.00 - 07.00 6.1 -3.5 47%
07.00 - 08.00 10.2 -3.5 58%
08.00 - 09.00 10.2 -3.5 58%
09.00 - 10.00 7.5 -3.5 52%
14.00 - 15.00 6.1 -3.5 47%
15.00 - 16.00 7.5 -3.5 52%
16.00 - 17.00 9.2 -3.5 56%
58%
17.00 - 18.00 10.2 -3.5
18.00 - 19.00 6.1 -3.5 47%
Table 5:- Diversion Flows On Karanglo - Purwodadi Main Road And Karanglo - Tol Purwodadi Toll Road

Based on the picture above, the traffic flow diversion G. The Effect of Land Use towards Road’sLevel of service
that is predicted will go through Malang – Pandaan Toll after the Development of the Toll Road
Road is 47% – 58%. Based on the counting of traffic flow diversion, the
road’s capacity and traffic flow volume on Lawang –
Singosari Street, the result of the road’s level of service
and the effect of land use on that road after the
development of the toll road are as follows:

Effect of Land Use

Time Total Volume (pcu/hour) Volume of Land use (pcu/hour) DJ LOS (%)

06.00 - 07.00 3777.99 406.59 0.61 C 10.8

07.00 - 08.00 4182.67 1212.77 0.67 C 29.0
08.00 - 09.00 4480.09 1825.94 0.72 C 40.8
09.00 - 10.00 3886.93 1777.08 0.63 C 45.7
14.00 - 15.00 4086.40 1747.40 0.66 C 42.8
15.00 - 16.00 4035.86 1638.76 0.65 C 40.6
16.00 - 17.00 4094.60 1776.20 0.66 C 43.4
17.00 - 18.00 4223.64 1455.79 0.68 C 34.5
18.00 - 19.00 3823.63 905.13 0.62 C 23.7
Table 6:- Road’s Level of Service and Effect of Land Use on Lawang Singosari Street

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May– 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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REFERENCES

[1]. Agustin, Imma. W. (2017). Influence of food kiosk

attraction on the road’s level of service. The 4th
International Seminar on Sustainable Urban
Development (p. 106). Malang: IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
[2]. Budi S. Waloejo, Surjono & Harnen Sulistio. (2012).
The Influence of Trip Attraction on the Road’s Level
of Service (LOS) at Traditional Market Land Use.
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Sciences, J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 2(1)92-96.
[3]. Fatemeh Salarvandian, M. D. (2017). Impact of traffic
zones on mobility behavior in Tehran. Journal of
Fig 6:- Graph of comparison of attraction and generation Transport and Land Use, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 965-982.
volume of land use, total volume and capacity of road [4]. Merlin, L. A. (2017). A portrait of accessibility change
for four US metropolitan areas. The Journal Of
According to Table 6, it can be seen the vehicle’s Transport And Land Use, Vol. 10 pp. 309-336.
movement due to land use towards the total volume of [5]. Mohammad Tayarani, R. N. (2018). Evaluating the
whole vehicles in every segment on Lawang – Singosari cumulative impacts of a long range
Street after the toll road was opened is 10.8% - 45.7% with regionaltransportation plan: Particulate matter
different effect contribution in every hour of observation. It exposure, greenhouse gasemissions, and transportation
shows that after the toll road of Malang – Pandaan was system performance. Serial : Transportation Research
opened, the contribution of internal traffic flow (land use) Part D, Transport and Environment Journal, Vol. 63
is almost balance compared to external traffic flow No. 261-275.
(continuous traffic) and it is bigger than before. On [6]. PKJI. (2014). Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia
segment 1, the biggest contribution volume of land use (PKJI). Departemen Pekerjaan Umum Direktorat
happens in the morning starts from 09.00 – 10.00 am Jenderal Bina Marga.
which is 45.7% and 43.4% in the afternoon starts from [7]. Rahayu, Y. E. (2016). Land use development and its
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Lahan dan Jaringan Jalan. Malang: Disertasi
IV. CONCLUSION

The conclusions of this study about “the effect of

land use and the development of Malang – Pandaan Toll
Road” are as follows:
1. The effect of land use towards the road’s level of
service before Malang – Pandaan Toll Road was
opened is 7.9% - 34.3%. It shows that the external
traffic flow (continuous traffic) contribution is more
dominating than local flow (land use).
2. The impact of Malang – Pandaan Toll Road’s
development can diverse the continuous traffic flow
around 47% - 61%.

The effect of land use towards road’s level of service

after Malang – Pandaan Toll Road was opened is around
10.8% - 45.7%. It shows that the external traffic flow
(continuous traffic) contribution is more dominating than
local flow (land use).

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