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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Smart Fault Detection and Home Automation


System
Alok Kr. Sharma Anurag Atrish
Guide-Proff. Student
(Department of Computer Science And Engineering) (Department of Computer Science And Engineering)
Maharaja Agrasen Institute Of Technology(MAIT) Maharaja Agrasen Institute Of Technology(MAIT)
(GGSIPU University) (GGSIPU University)
New Delhi, India New Delhi, India

Abstract:- In this present world where technology has action. The Arduino node MCU is connected to these
taken over everything reaching new heights and in relays and once the signal gets connectivity and the
between this tremendously growing technology the user orders a command the relays will start working
technology of IOT (Internet Of Things) has sparkled and simultaneously the home appliances will get
its way ahead of other fields and promises to deliver power supply and will start working in normal
much more aspects in this world. It possesses a great functioning condition.
potential for future applications and offers a wide
range of scope for the generation to come. If we talk Keywords:- Smart Home Automation, Smart Fault
about controlling the world from a click of a single Detection, Arduino Node NCU, Internet of Things,
button then IOT has achieved its dream status. There Relays.
are many standard appliances in industries and our
homes that make our day to day life and work easier I. INTRODUCTION
and therefore it becomes a necessity to control these
appliances remotely. And for the same machine to In today’s world technology has become an
work requires a secondary brain or automation essential part of everyone’s lives to such an extent that
(secondary machine) which does the tasks of the user commodities like internet and smart phones have become
as per the requirement from long distances. The a necessity in almost many parts of the world. Though it
proposed paper aims at designing a smart home will reach new heights and technology is ever changing
automation and monitoring system along with smart from time to time but Internet with its constant stability
fault detection to ensure the security parameters of and support will remain the world’s best invention of all
the project. In this project the main component is the time. Internet and Technology seem to go hand in hand
arduino node MCU to showcase the working of IOT. and will continue to do so in the future generations to
The algorithm designed is developed in the arduino come. Now it’s the time for automation to rise up. World
programming language. The algorithm is linked to is leaning on the smart machinery which can generate
the GUI through the same environment and also with such potential and fulfil the tasks where once human
the help of an android application which is efficiency could not deliver much. Automation simply
specifically used to provide IOT enabled modules and means to operate or control a process by highly
libraries that were needed to work on the proposed automatic machinery by electronic devices reducing the
system. The system talks about the solution to every human intervention to the minimum. Although it requires
individual’s theft fear and ensures that no problem is the human touch in terms of thinking and planning where
compromised. With the basic ideology to provide a knowledge base is required but manual labor has been
fault detections in order to increase the security of the denigrated a lot which in turn is a lot of relief for the
house and also make the household appliances to manufacturers. The use of automation is dilated and
work with just a single button on the smart phone Home Automation is one of its many factors. Home
device makes the system slightly different. The results automation comes with its numerous advantages and
also shows the same concept which is mentioned that’s why it is quite popular in smart cities. Home
before with efficient implementation and in a much automation can be defined as the automation done to
friendly manner. This paper deals with web control and operate home based equipment or building.
connectivity with IOT wifi module Esp8266 and much And the system comprising of automating the home
efficient control of the home appliances. The appliances is known as home automation system. So in
connectivity achieved is by use of Arduino Node NCU layman terms home automation is smart home. It may
and also acts as a bridge or an interface between the include centralized controlling of home appliances and
hardware and software part of the project. Overall lighting, electronic devices and security systems.
this gives us a platform to understand and implement
the working of hardware like microcontroller which The biggest advantage that has led this system to a
gets its command from the software component tremendous growth and popularity is because it can be
(arduino programming language). In order to make controlled by the elderly as well as the disabled. With the
the home appliances work the use of relays come into growing demand for internet connectivity in every city

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
every house, there is a steep rise in the usage of home  Lastly the Third component is the executing
automation just because it provides security stability controller which is further subdivided into two parts
thereby completing the objective of a smart home. Also namely the fault detection part which shows the
introducing the concept of “Internet Of Things” has led current detection by using open and short circuit
to the rapid popularity of this system. Nowadays, there methods and the home automation part which uses
are a wide variety of home automation systems in the the working of relays to provide current through to
world. The system ranges from cheap to very expensive access the home appliances (bulb, charger) in this
system with different features and functions. Several case.
companies that provide home automation system are
competing to provide features that are useful to the There are many projects based on home automation
society. However, the price features, and ethics become but what makes this a different project or an idea is the
the limit of the innovations of this system. Most of the use of current detection mechanism which is exhibited
systems have many features that make the price of the by the smart fault detection mechanism. Thus this
home automation system expensive and non-affordable. proposed system offers many advantages over the
However, if the automation system consists of small existing home automation projects. These include:
feature only, it makes home automation system less  Use of Fault detection: here the idea of using current
attractive and not popular in the public. And more detection is a creative and an innovative approach to
importantly, innovation should be based on ethics, the design the whole system and get the current feedback.
system must not give a lot of negative impact on society  Easy Monitoring: This system provides options for
and the environment. Like using a lot of components that monitoring also there is a small display that will
are hard to recycle, and also the system must not reduce allow to raise any kind of buzzer sound or an alarm
employment opportunities in that area, with the reason when there is no current feedback thus giving a
that human resources are no longer needed. warning sign stating that these is some issue with the
security of the household appliances.
Talking about this new found technology which has  User Friendly Approach: Unlike most of the other
combined both the hardware and software aspects of a home automation projects this will guarantee a user
machinery system isn’t that much of a complex scenario friendliness environment. The GUI is specifically
that it sounds to be. Internet of things is basically a designed for making it understandable for the elderly
technological method of phenomenan where the as well as the individuals having a PWD status.
hardware devices or the electronic devices are integrated  Multiple Load Outputs: Currently the system has two
or interconnected with the physical objects to transmit load (load 1 and load 2) where the home appliances
and receive data. It is called as the internet of computing are connected. Similarly to use multiple appliances or
devices. So here the usage of internet of things facilitates to increase the number of load outputs the system
the working of the microcontroller known as Arduino uses a driver circuit which consists of diode and
node Ncu which is an open source IoT platform transistors to increase the current gain in order to
developed especially for ESP8266 Wi-Fi Soc by make the relays work.
Espressif Systems. It is actually a firmware. Arduino
offers some good advantages which makes it slightly This paper is organized as follows: section I provides
favourable. In simple terms, it is easy to learn and also it the system overview of the Smart Fault Detection and
offers its own programming methodologies which are Web Controlled Home Automation System along with
easily understandable. There’s not much to learn in detail the system block diagram. Section II, discusses on
for getting an expertise in arduino programming. system working and configuration. In section III, the
Secondly it has wide array of sensors and many third system connection testing along with the results is
party libraries. Thirdly it has a lot of applications to start carried out. Finally, section IV is the conclusion.
with and does easily scale between different members of
the family - including changing the microcontroller II. LITERATURE REVIEW
family the individual boards.
In this section, discussed different Home
The proposed system of web controlled smart home Automation System with their technology with features,
automation system comprises of three main components. benefit and limitations they have.
These components work dependently on each other and
one cannot work independently without the other and A. Wi-Fi Based Home Automation System.
together they constitute the actual meaning of Internet of System consists of three main components; web
Things. The three main components include: server, which presents system core that controls, and
 The First device is the user interface controller which monitors users’ home and hardware interface
is an android application which acts as a GUI for the module(Arduino PCB (ready-made), Wi-Fi shield PCB,
project. 3 input alarms PCB, and 3 output actuators PCB.), which
 The Second component is the Arduino Node MCU provides appropriate interface to sensors and actuator of
microcontroller itself which acts as a bridge between home automation system. The System is better from the
the user interface and the main controller. scalability and flexibility point of view than the

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
commercially available home automation systems. The uses the four switch port standard wireless ADSL
User may use the same technology to login to the server modern router. The network SSID and security Wi-Fi
web based application. .If server is connected to the parameter are preconfigured. The message for security
internet, so remote users can access server web based purpose first process by the virtual home algorithm and
application through the internet using compatible web when it is declared safe it is re-encrypted and forward to
browser. the real network device of the home. Over Zigbee
network, Zigbee controller sent messages to the end. The
B. Cloud-Based Home Automation System safety and security of all messages that are received by
Design and implement a home gateway to collect the virtual home algorithm.
metadata from home appliances and send to the cloud-
based data server to store on HDFS (Hadoop Distributed F. GSM Based Home Automation
File System), process them using MapReduce and use to Because of the mobile phone and GSM technology,
provide a monitoring function to Remote user. the GSM based home automation is lure to research. The
SMS based home automation, GPRS based home
It has been implemented with Raspberry Pi through automation and dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) based
reading the subject of E-mail and the algorithm. home automation, these options we considered mainly
Raspberry Pi proves to be a powerful, economic and for communication in GSM. The system use transducer
efficient platform for implementing the smart home which convert machine function into electrical signals
automation. which goes into microcontroller. The sensors of system
convert the physical qualities like sound, temperature
C. Arduino Based Home Automation and humidity into some other quantity like voltage. The
This system uses mobiles or computers to control microcontroller analysis all signal and convert them into
basic home control and function automatically through command to understand by GSM module. Select
internet from anywhere around the worldglobally, an appropriate communication method among SMS, GPRS
automated home is sometimes called a smart home. It is and DTFC based on the command which received GSM
meant to save the electric power and human energy. The module.
proposed system is a distributed home automation
system, consists of server i.e. Wi-Fi module, sensors. G. RF Based Home Automation System:
Server controls and monitors the various sensors, and can The important goal of Home Automation System is
be easily configured to handle more hardware interface to build a home automation system using a RF controlled
module (sensors). The Arduino board, with built in Wi- remote. Home Automation using remote implements an
Fi module acts as web server. Automation System can be easier solution with RF technology. In order to
accessed from the web browser of any local PC using accomplish this, a RF remote is combined to the
server IP, or remotely from any PC or mobile handheld microcontroller on transmitter side that sends ON/OFF
device connected to the internet with appropriate web signals to the receiver where devices are connected. By
browser through server real IP (internet IP). operating the stated remote switch on the transmitter, the
loads can be turned ON/OFF globally using wireless
D. Bluetooth Based Home Automation System technology.
In Bluetooth based home automation system the
home appliances are connected to the Arduino BT board H. Android ADK Based Home Automation System
at input output ports using relay. The program of The devices of home are associate to the ADK and
Arduino BT board is based on high level interactive C the Connection is established between the Android
language of microcontrollers; the connection is made via device and ADK. The devices of house are link to the
Bluetooth. The password protection is provided so only input/output ports of the board (EMBEDDED SYSTEM)
authorized user is allowed to access the appliances. The and their current situation will have passed to the ADK.
Bluetooth connection is established between Arduino BT The microcontroller board (Arduino ADK) is based on
board and phone for wireless communication. In this the ATmega2560. It has a USB host connection to
system the python script is used and it can install on any associate with Android based phones, and that is based
of the Symbian OS environment, it is portable. One on the MAX3421e IC. The two important features of
circuit is designed and implemented for receiving the Android Open Accessory Protocol 2.0(AOAP) are as
feedback from the phone, which indicate the status of the follows: It has audio output that is from the Android
device. device to the component and it also support for the
component serves as one or more Human Interface
E. Zigbee Based Home Automation System Devices (HID) to the Android device. Including motion
To monitor and control the home appliances the sensors for safety systems will detect an unauthorized
system is designed and implemented using Zigbee. The action and it will automatically notice the user through
device performance is record and store by network cell phone or the security system.
coordinators. For this the Wi-Fi network is used, which

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. SYSTEM OVERVIEW automation. It is the secondary brain that does all the
main work including transferring of the signals,
This system consists of three main components or maintaining the connectivity with the Wi-Fi module
controllers which facilitate the working of this system. ESP8266, processing the commands given through the
These are: arduino programming language. It is like the CPU of the
1. The User Interface Controller whole system.
2. The Main Controller Node MCU
C. The Executing Controller
3. The Executing Controller
Third part is the executing controller which
performs two functions. Firstly there is smart fault
A. The User Interface Controller detection which includes the method of short circuit and
The First component acts as the user interface open circuit. The concept of current detection is used
which will provide the user friendly environment. The specifically for this purpose. Once there is any
android application which is used as the interface will breakthrough of current passage the user interface will
display the current status as the system projects the display some sort of alarm that there is a connection
working of the closed and short circuit methods which problem as the arduino isn’t getting any current feedback
will be defined in the next component. In future many so there is a warning to check for any error that are
new features could be added to enhance the appearance causing the alarm to start. The other part capitalizes on
of this application but for now what is designed is for the the home automation mechanism. The appliances are
best and any one can operate without any hesitation. connected with the relays and once we give current to
both the loads which we have used the appliances will
B. The Main Controller Node MCU
automatically start working.
The next component is the main controller called
the Arduino Node MCU which is the source of  System Block Diagram

Fig 1:- Block Diagram

The Web Controlled Home Automation System appliances and forward it to the main controller as an
involves the above discussed three controlling system. input signal and display it on the android application to
The primary controller is the main controller unit, and inform the user. Shown in figure 2 below are the working
the secondary controller is the android application flow details on the controlling and monitoring processes
controller. The error monitoring or error detection is of this Smart Fault Detection and Smart Home
monitored by the working mechanism of fault detection Automation System.
system which implies current feedback from the home

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 2:- Working Flow Chart

IV. SYSTEM WORKING AND CONFIGURATION  Comparator IC is used which is important to show the
working of fault detection. From the comparator IC
The working of the above shown system is as we have deduced two logics namely the open circuit
follows: method and the short circuit method.
 First of all for power supply we take 220V AC  Till the time the circuit is closed and current is
current from the power source. flowing there is no breakage as soon as the circuit is
 Next there is a step down transformer which will opened or there is a short circuit there will be no
convert the 220V input voltage to 12V power supply. current feedback so a warning will be sent to the
Using 220V will damage the products. Node MCU and the user will be notified through the
 The transformer will still generate 12V AC current so display.
there was a need for a rectifier which will convert the  For the working of the fault detection the comparator
12V AC current to DC current. IC (LM358) is used and a variable resistance is used
 During rectification there is a chance of noise coming to provide reference voltage.
so in order to cancel the noise factor we have used the  Till the time there is proper current feedback with
1000 μF capacitor. respect to the resistance the IC will take that as a yes
 Now a need to make the 12V supply to 5V we have and as soon as there is a breakage in circuit there will
used a regulator IC 7805. a difference in the voltage and automatically the IC
 During regulation the noise will be present so for the checks will give an indication in the form a red signal
same we installed a 100 μF capacitor. Resistor and LED signifying that there is a fault.
LED are taken to check the power supply.  These signals are then transferred to the connector
 Input Voltage pin Vin which takes the supply for the pins of the Node MCU.
Node MCU. Positive and negative connectors are also  As soon as the signals are sent to the Node MCU it
taken. performs the required actions which we have

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
programmed and notifies the user interface about  Graphical User Interface
these signals through the Wifi module ESP8266 and This section provides the user interface information
automatically the user is notified through the display. and the design of the first component controller called as
 Now for home automation we have used the same the user interface controller. The following figure shows
microcontroller. The input pins are connected to the the Graphical User Interface of the project system.
relays for transmission of signals.
 Relays are used to start the home appliances and to
use the relays we have designed a small driver circuit
also known as the darlington pair consisting of two
bipolar transistors whose sole purpose is to amplify
the current gain
 The need for this driver circuit is due the fact that
relays work on high voltage and high current and for
the same we need to maximise the current gain to
drive the relay.
 Node MCU isn’t sufficient to provide the suitable
voltage so use of these darlington pair IC comes
handy. Moreover this circuit will work on low voltage
and produce high voltage.
 For the driver circuit mechanism we used two bipolar
transistors and immediately Node MCU will give a
negative voltage which will be converted to positive Fig 4:- System GUI
voltage by the PNP transistor and simultaneously the
12V will get transferred to the negative terminal of As shown by the figure the user interface is quite
the relay. simple and easy to understand. There are two off buttons
 By doing this the relay gets energised which is which show the condition of the home appliances.
confirmed by the relay sound and this is further Currently they are in off state. As soon as either one of
connected to the load where we have connected the them is on the switch is turned on and the led buttons
load (home appliances). will function similarly. The Green portion is the display
which will notify the user for any error or breaking of the
 Configuring the Network circuit. Notifications will make a buzz sound when there
This part explains the set up and configuration is any issue with the current detection and no feedback is
settings for the software component of the project detected the system will inform the user. This user
system. For programming, arduino IDE is used and the controlling interface was made by keeping in mind the
first step is to configure the arduino to the same network objective of this system to be used both by the elderly
for transmitting and receiving of signals. To configure and the disabled. Thus the system is subject to any
the arduino with our smart phone we have used the same modifications in the future to enhance the appearance.
network access point of that of the smart phone with the
same ssid and ssid password. This is shown in the V. SYSTEM CONNECTION TESTING AND
following figure RESULTS

This section defines the testing done on the


software as well as on the hardware part. This is done
after all the set up and configuration settings were done
and programming part was also completed. Upon
checking the available hardware components all were
found to be in proper working condition and this was
marked as the first testing observation. After the circuit
was made we used the LEDs to ensure that the main
controllers were in normal functioning condition. When
given the power supply the Red LED near the capacitors
were turned red ensuring that there is proper power
Fig 3:- Access Point Configuration supply and the transformer, rectifier were working
absolutely fine. This is further confirmed in the
following figure.

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
F. Results
After both the cases were tested results were
captured and screenshots of the user interface are taken.

Fig 5:- Power Supply Testing

D. Short Circuit Method Testing


Short Circuit method shows the warning stating
about the security of the appliance is compromised and
there is short circuit and the system will ask to take
appropriate action. This will also happen in the case of
open circuit. So after testing this will imply that system
is working fine and warning signals are issued as soon as Fig 8 :- a &b Short and Open Circuit testing Result
there is any breakage.
The system generates the alarm signal as can be
seen in the above illustrations. The user gets notified thus
making the system a success and safe to operate.
G. Home Automation Testing and Result
Apart from the above testing the system was
designed to operate the home appliances automatically
through the main controller with the help of relays.
Testing for the load inputs were done. When the button
load1 was turned on the relays started working and
immediately the home appliance showed that it was
working normally. Here a small bulb is used to
Fig 6:- Short Circuit Testing demonstrate the working. The bulb glows when the load
button is switched on and vice-versa thus making the
E. Open Circuit Method Testing system testing successful.
The case for open circuit gives the same results. In
both the cases the LED turns red indicating about the
circuit breakage and the comparator IC identifies this and
forwards the signal to the main controller and thus
through internet connectivity the user gets informed.

Fig 9:- a&b Home Automation Testing

The above two figures demonstrate the working of


Fig 7:- Open Circuit Testing Home automation system. The bulb glows when the
switch is on and automatically in the similar fashion will
switched off when the same button is tapped. This shows
that the whole system is tested and functioning normally.

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Volume 4, Issue 4, April – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VI. CONCLUSION Intelligence, Communication Systems and
Networks.
This paper presents design, configuration, fault [7]. Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida
detection using open circuit and short circuit methods, Kanj, Ayman Kayssi ,”Smart Power Management
and user interface customization on the Smart Fault System For Home Appliances And Wellness Based
Detection And Smart Home Automation System in order On Wireless Sensors Network And Mobile
to achieve a new and easy way to implement an android Technology”, ,2015 XVIII AISEM Annual
application controlled smart home system using cheap Conference, 978-1-4799- 8591-3/15©2015 IEEE
and easily available components that are easy to install [8]. Shiu Kumar,” UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME
for better performance and features. The proposed SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATION “,
automation system is practically implemented and thus International Journal of Computer Networks &
the results are obtained. Communications (IJCNC) Vol.6, No.1, January
2014.
This system could detect the appliances problems [9]. Jan Gebhardt, Michael Massoth, Stefan Weber and
through current detection feedback using comparator IC Torsten Wiens , “Ubiquitous Smart Home
LM358 current and display it in the smart phone to Controlling Raspberry Embedded System”,
inform the user about the error. Though this system is UBICOMM: The Eighth International Conference
complete and successful but still it has a gret potential on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems,
for future scopes and modifications. Altercations can still Services and Technologies, 2014.
be made in the user interface controller as well as in the [10]. Andrea Zanella, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani,
hardware controller. New possibilities can arise which Lorenzo Vangelista, and Michele Zorzi, “Internet
could make the system even more secure and more of Things for Smart Cities”, IEEE INTERNET OF
advanced than the current version. THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 1, NO. 1,
FEBRUARY 2014.
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