Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Analgesic & Antidiarrheal Activities Investigation on

Methanol Extract of Wendlandia Paniculata :
In Vivo Approach
Md.Rashaduzzaman Razu Mosabbira Rahman Mousumi
Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh Department- Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dhaka, Bangladesh North South University,Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract:- Wendlandia paniculata is under Rubiaceae having anticancer, antimicrobial, pain-relieving, against
family and well known as“Mimri”, “Lodiannol” which is diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and anti-depressant properties [1].
found throughout Hill Tracks areas of Bangladesh. A part of drug science known as Ethnopharmacology
Chakma Tribe within the Hill Tracts of Bangladesh uses manages the investigation of such traditional sources,
its leaves to treat chest pain. Crushed Wendlandia especially of plants for the separation and distinguishing
paniculata leaves are rubbed on the chest to reduce pain. proof of bioactive metabolites with wanted remedial
Plant leaves of Wendlandia paniculata have been properties [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
investigated for the evaluation of biological activities. assessed that 80% of the world's occupants depend on
This study has been subjected to scrutinize customary medication for their essential medical care needs
pharmacological ideas of methanol extract of and a large portion of these therapies involved the utilization
Wendlandia paniculata like central and peripheral of plant source or their potential compounds [2].
analgesic and antidiarrheal activities. Evaluation of
analgesic activity was applied by following two protocols Wendlandia paniculata having a place with Rubiaceae
e.g., tail immersion protocol where Morphine was used family and notable as "Mimri", "Lodiannol" is distributed all
as a positive control (centrally) and acetic acid-induced through the Hill Tracts regions of Bangladesh. The Chakma
pain sensation protocol in mice (peripherally). The tribe crushed the leaves and rub on the chest [3]. They are
methanol fraction exhibits significant analgesic activity local to Northwestern Vietnam, western Africa, the Indian
both centrally and peripherally at the following doses of subcontinent, Southeast Asia, just as subtropical countries of
200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of mice. The Anti- East Asia and northern Australia. There are some reported
species of genus Wendland such as Wendlandia glabrata,
diarrheal potentiality was evaluated by using the
Wendlandia tinctoria, Wendlandia angustifalia, Wendlandia
protocol of Ricinoleic acid (castor oil) induced diarrhea
heynei, Wendlandia Arabica, Wendlandia andamania. In the
in Swiss albino mice and exhibited anti-diarrheal activity discoveries, recognizable proof of anti-diabetic constituent
with a significant decrease of diarrheal feculences in a of the delicate shoots of W. glabrata was guided through α-
contrast to the standard drug loperamide hydrochloride. glucosidase hindrance and a potential source for
The bioassay of the methanol extract of the leaves of postprandial administration of Diabetes mellitus type 2 [4].
Wendlandia paniculata justified the analgesic and anti-
diarrheal properties of the methanol extract and finally
exhorts the test sample as a provenance of analgesic and
anti-diarrheal agents as a crude drug source.

Keywords:- Wendlandia Paniculata, Central And Peripheral

Analgesic, Antidiarrheal, Morphine, Methanol Extract.

I. INTRODUCTION

Any plant that contains substances that have pragmatic

therapeutic motives, or which are harbingers for the
synthesis of potential drugs are called medicinal plants.
Plants have formed the basis of the traditional medicine
system for thousands of years around the world. Medicinal
plants contain covetable potential components that are the
chemical defense against various diseases, which can hold Pain is an upset and terrible inclination related to
back plenty amount of pathological conditions and might damage tissue and causes a person to pull out from a
alter physiological compatibility. New drug development harmful circumstance, which ensures the harmed tissues as
the recuperating cycle happens [5]. It is a defensive response
involves the identification of new chemical entities (NCEs)
involving immune cells and blood vessels [6] The N-methyl-
and needs to have the required biological potentiality. D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inside the spinal cord dorsal
Nature is a checked wellspring of discovering lead mixes

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
horn is one of the systems that are engaged with central II. MATERIALS
refinement during pain [7]. Prostaglandin endoperoxide
synthase (cyclooxygenase [COX]) is a vital catalyst in the A. Collection and extraction of plant material
creation of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. As of late, Plant leaves of Wendlandia paniculata were gathered
a second isoform of this chemical (prostaglandin- from the Hills of Sylhet, Bangladesh in February 2019. The
endoperoxide synthase 2 or COX-2) has been recognized, specialists from Bangladesh National Herbarium, Mirpur,
which is inducible by an assortment of cytokines, chemicals, Dhaka, taxonomically distinguished the plant and provided
and tumor promoters [7]. Prostaglandin intervenes in the Accession No-48248. The appropriately cleaned leaves
tenderness, pain, and expanded internal body temperature
became dry through contact with unheated air and ground to
level [8]. COX-1 is a physiologic catalyst liable for the
creation of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and prostacyclin an indelicate powder. 500 grams of the pounded powdered
engaged with pain inauguration, blood coagulating, and material was taken in a spotless, amber-colored bottle (3
armament of the gastric mucosa. COX-2 is an inducible liters) and absorbed 2 liters of methanol solvent. The
protein communicated during the upregulation of containers with their contents were saved for a time of 15
prostaglandins, for example during irritation in cells [9] . days joined by successive shaking and mixing. The entire
Studies based on the medicinal plant that is used by the local mixture was then sifted through a fresh cotton plug and lastly
population to reduce pain have gotten reasonable and with a Whatman No.1 filter paper. Using a Buchii
promising to find fresher pain-relieving medicines [10] Rotavapour, the volume of the filtrate was then decreased at
Chakma tribe in the Hill Tracts regions of Bangladesh use low temperature (400c) by observing pressure. The heaviness
Wendlandia paniculata leaves to treat chest pain. They crush of the unrefined concentrate was 30 grams.
the leaves and rub them on their chest to alleviate pain [3].
B. Drugs and reagents
Diarrhea is a change in ordinary solid discharge and is Reagents and synthetics that had been utilized in this
delineated by a rise in the water substance, volume, or research were of scientific evaluation grade. Some drug
recurrence of stools. Diarrheal sicknesses are a significant materials were purchased from Square Pharmaceuticals
issue in Third World nations and are liable for the passing of Limited (Pabna, Dhaka) and Beximco Pharmaceuticals
millions of individuals every year [11] and it mainly affects Limited (Tongi, Dhaka) e.g., ascorbic acid, streptokinase,
children and infants [12]. The utilization of plants and plant aspirin, morphine, diclofenac sodium, glibenclamide,
derivatives in the treatment of diarrhea is a prevailing fluoxetine, thiopental sodium, castor oil, and loperamide.
practice in Africa. Different plants have been utilized
traditionally to treat looseness of the bowels, and in fact, C. Experimental Animals
developed data shows that few of these plants are viable Swiss-albino mice of one or the other sex, matured about
[11]. However, the adequacy of a significant number of 4-5 weeks (weighing around 25–30 grams), got from the
those anti-diarrheal medications has not been scientifically Animal Resource Branch of the International Center for
assessed [13]. Some commonly used medicinal plants that Diarrheal Diseases and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)
are accustomed to treat diarrhea are Amaranthus caudatus, were used for the experiments. The animals got a standard
Balanites rotundifolia, Boscia coriacea, Cissampelos research facility diet and water (ad libitum) and followed
pareira, Plumbago zeylanica, Solanum hastifolium, Berberis adequate ventilation (Temp 24 ± 2 °C; RH 60–70%) within
crataegina, Rhamnus cathartica, and Teucrium polium the space following the traditional (12hour) day-night cycle.
[14]–[16]. The WHO (World Health Organization) has 12 hours before and during the experiment, food was
urged studies relating to the therapy and avoidance of withdrawn. All the experiments took place in a separate and
diarrheal infections utilizing traditional clinical practices quiet state. The animals were adjusted to the exploration
[13]. The significant effect of loose bowels in agricultural research center environment, for 10-12 days before the test.
nations including constraints of at present accessible The analyses were accomplished by following the guidelines
antidiarrheal medications and underprivileged medical for the consideration and utilization of laboratory animals.
services may make conventional drugs a great elective The conventions for leading the tests on the animals were
remedy for the administration of diarrhea [13]. The endorsed by the institutional moral panel [17].
investigation aimed to assess the methanol extract of leaves
of Wendlandia paniculata as anti-diarrheal agents. III. METHODS (IN VIVO STUDIES)

Comprehensive writings search demonstrates that there A. Central analgesic activity

is no logical proof on the investigations of the plant to affirm Twelve experimental animals were arbitrarily chosen
its restorative properties. Thusly, in this exploration, the and separated into four bunches indicated as Group I, Group
plant Wendlandia paniculata was altogether researched for II, Group III (A-B) comprising of three mice in each bunch.
assessment of pharmacological possibilities by In vivo The principal bunch that filled in as negative control getting
central and peripheral pain relieving, and against loose 1% Tween 80 in ordinary saline (10 ml/kg body weight)
bowel movements in an appropriate exploratory model. .The second bunch that filled in was positive control and
was given standard medications for the particular
examination. Group III (A) and Group III (B) got oral
administration of MESF (Methanol Soluble Fraction) 200
and 400 (mg per kg, body weight) respectively. Group III
(A-B) and Group (I-II) got oral administration at zero hours

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
by feeding to the mice. At the following hour, a few (1-2) C. In VIVO studies on Anti-diarrheal Activity
cm of the tail of mice was drenched in warm water kept The anti-diarrheal effect of the methanol extract of
steady at 550C. The response time is the time needed by the leaves of Wendlandia paniculata was assessed utilizing the
mice to ricochet their tails. The primary count is disposed of technique for Ricinoleic acid (castor oil)-actuated motility in
and therefore the response time is documented as a mean of mice. [21]. As per this strategy, each mouse was treated
subsequent three perusing. An inertness phase of 20 seconds orally with 1ml of the exceptionally unadulterated analytical
was characterized as complete pain relive and so the grade of Ricinoleic acid (castor oil) which would instigate
estimation was halted to stay away from injury to mice. The loose bowels. The numbers of fecal stools were recorded for
idle time of tail-flick reaction was observed previously and singular mice. The trial aftereffects of the experimental
0, 30, 60, and 90 (an hour and a half) minutes after the groups were contrasted against that of the control with
dispensation of the medications orally. The time interval of assessing the anti-diarrheal activity of the samples. Twelve
half an hour (30 minutes) was given to guarantee appropriate test animals were haphazardly chosen, for example, control,
dispensation of the controlled substances. At that point, positive control, and test groups (two) containing three mice
morphine solution was dispensed subcutaneously to the (M-1, M-2, M-3) in each bunch. Each bunch got a specific
mice. Following 30 minutes, an hour, and an hour and a half, treatment before any treatment, each mouse was weighed
the tail submersion time was estimated. appropriately, and therefore, the doses of the test specimens
and control materials were changed as needs are. To
% Time elongation = [(Average estimated time of tail administer at dosages of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of
flicking of test Groups - Average estimated time of tail mice, the precisely measured extracts were estimated
immersing of Group I) / individually and ground up in a solitary directional manner
Average estimated time of tail flicking of Group I] X 100 by adding some polysorbate-80 (a suspending agent). After
appropriate blending of extract and suspending agent,
B. Peripheral Analgesic Activity ordinary saline was gradually added. The suspension volume
The peripheral Analgesic response was assessed by the was settled up to 3.0 ml. To settle the suspension, vortex
acetic acid-prone writhing technique [18]. In this following combinator had blended it well. The Control bunch (Group
strategy, acidic acid is dispensed intra-peritoneally to the trial I) administered vehicle (1% Polysorbate 80 in ordinary
animals to make pain sensation. Thus, the animals spent on saline) at the portion of 10 ml per kg orally. The positive
the licking and gnawing responses of the infused paws at control group got loperamide at the portion of 50 mg/kg
routine stretches out of pain. However long the animals feel orally. Every animal was kept in an individual confine; the
pain, they keep on giving licking and biting responses. Each floor lining was changed each hour. During a perception
licking and the biting reaction is considered and taken as a time of 5 hours, the number of diarrheal appearances
sign of pain sensation. Any substance that has pain-relieving discharged by the animals was recorded.
activity should diminish the quantity of licking and biting
reactions animals inside a given period and concerning the IV. RESULTS
Control group (Group I). The licking and biting reaction
hindrance of positive control (Group II) was taken as A. Assessment of the central analgesic activity of MESF(
standard and contrasted with Group III (A-B) and Control Methanolic Soluble Fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia
Group I. As a Standard group, acetylsalicylic acid was used paniculata:
as a positive control [19]. Twelve exploratory animals were The duration for tail dipping of each mouse was
inconstantly chosen and isolated into four bunches meant as recorded and the normal drenching season of each group
Group I, Group II, and Group III (A-B) comprising of three was determined. The Percentage (%) of time elongation of
mice in each bunch. Each bunch got a specific treatment. At tail submerging was determined regarding the control. The
zero hour test samples, control (1% Polysorbate 80 solution higher the elongation level(%) of the group was viewed as
in saline) and Acetylsalicylic acid sodium were directed the more noteworthy for the analgesic activity of the group.
orally by methods for a long needle with a ball-molded end. The central pain-relieving potentiality of the test samples
Group III (A) and Group III (B) got an oral administration was compared in respect to Morphine.
with MESF 200 and MESF 400 (mg/kg, b.w; p.o) separately
30 minutes before intraperitoneal infusion of 1% acidic acid TABLE I: MATERIALS UTILIZED IN THE
solution at a portion of 10 mL/kg body weight. Following 5 ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL ANALGESIC ACTIVITY
minutes spans, each bunch of mice was noticed for 30 OF MESF OF LEAVES OF Wendlandia paniculata.
minutes to tally the number of writhing reactions. Identi Test Gro Identific Dose Route
fier specime up ation (mg/ of
Inhibition (%) = [(Control licking response – Test ns kg) * administr
licking response)/ ation
Control licking response] x 100 CTRL 1% I Control 30 ml 0ral
Polysor
]] bate-80
in
– Test paw volume ordinary
saline
STND Morphin II Standard 2 mg Sub-

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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e cutaneous In the above table are three data in above table showed
MESF Methan III Trial 200 0ral that after 60 minutes the central analgesic action of the
1 ol A models mg/k Methanol soluble fraction of leaves of Wendlandia
Fraction g paniculata at a dose of 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg became
MESF Methan IIIB Trial 400 0ral stronger. They showed a percent elongation of 112.52%
2 olic models mg/k (t=16.0192, P=0.0001) and 113.22% (t=11.7773, P=0.0003)
contrasted with the standard medication morphine that shows
fraction g
264.98% (t=10.861, P=0.0004) of inhibition.

TABLE II: OBSERVATION OF DATA OBTAINED TABLE IV: OBSERVATION OF DATA OBTAINED
AFTER 30 MINUTES OF THE DISPENSATION AFTER 90 MINUTES OF THE DISPENSATION.
Immersion time
Average time of

Average time of
Animal Group

Immersion time

Standard error
Animal Group
% Elongation

% Elongation
Standard error
immersion

immersion
Standard
deviation
count (seconds)

Standard
deviation
count (seconds)
M- M- M-
M-1 M-2 M-3
2 3 1

CTR 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.26 0.118 0.0684 - CTR 1.76 2.30 2.48 2.18 0.374 0.216 -
L 2 2 3 5 L 7 3
STN 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.16 0.345 0.1994 84.49 STN 14.0 14.2 12.8 13.7 0.759 0.438 529.3
D 3 6 3 D 6 5 5 2 4 4 6
MES 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.69 0.245 0.1419 63.66 MES 6.92 8.02 7.56 7.50 0.552 0.319 244.0
F 200 7 6 5 8 F 200 4 0 4
MES 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.87 0.250 0.1444 71.34 MES 6.82 6.36 5.93 6.37 0.445 0.257 192.2
F 400 6 2 2 1 F 400 1 0 0

As per the information in the above table, the MESF The information in the above table the MESF
(Methanol Soluble Fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia (methanol soluble fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia
paniculata at the quantity of 400mg/kg displayed 71.34% paniculata at the portion of 400mg/kg displayed 192.20%
(t=10.078,P=0.0005) of restraint and at quantity of 200mg/kg (t=12.4737,P=0.0002) of inhibition and at dosages of
additionally indicated 63.66% (t=9.119,P=0.0008) of 200mg/kg additionally demonstrated 244.04% (t=13.8038,
hindrance contrasted with the standard medication morphine P=0.0002) of hindrance contrasted with the standard
that shows 84.49% (t=9.046,P=0.0008) of inhibition. medication morphine that show 529.36% (t=24.8713,
P<0.0001) of hindrance.
TABLE III: ANALYSIS OF THE DATA OBTAINED
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
AFTER 60 MINUTES
Immersion time
Aver-age time of

Standard error
Animal Group

deviation (SD)

% Elongation
immersion
Standard

count(seconds)
(SEM)

M- M-
M-1
2 3

CTR 2.0 0.278 0.160

2.37 -
L 2.45 6 2.6 7 9
STN 9.3 9.0 0.961 0.555 264.9
8.65
D 7.56 8 1 9 4 8
MES 5.0 5.1 0.073 0.042 112.5
4.98 5.04
F 200 1 2 7 6 2
FIGURE III: EXAMINATION OF PERCENT TIME
MES 4.7 5.1 0.279 0.161 113.2 ELONGATION OF TAIL IMMERSION OF DIFFERENT
5.3 5.05 SAMPLES.
F 400 5 1 3 3 2

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Factual assessment of the information prompts the TABLE VI: SCREENING OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY
accompanying end that the MESF (methanol soluble BY SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF 1%
fraction) of Wendlandia paniculata showed significant pain- FORMALIN
relieving action centrally at the two dosages of 200 mg/kg
and 400 mg/kg body weight following 30, 60, and 90 licking and

Standard Error
minutes (an hour and a half) of dispensation. Therefore, they
biting

Animal Group

Inhibition (%)
can be further investigated for the development of the

Average (sec)
central analgesic drugs. responses (sec)

B. Assessment of the central analgesic activity of MESF( M- M- M-

Methanolic Soluble Fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia 1 2 3
paniculata:
The diverse test samples were exposed to screening for CTL 20 22 19 20.33 -
pain-relieving action by formalin test. The test was STD 3 4 3 3.33 0.94 83.61
performed by taking samples at portions of 200 mg/kg and
400mg/kg body weight. Formalin 1% was administered at a MESF 8 7 9 8.00 1.05 60.66
portion of 0.1ml/10 gram of body weight to each mouse
[21]. The outcome was measurably assessed and the t-Test 200
and p values were resolved. Both the test materials displayed MESF 7 6 8 7.00 1.05 65.57
exceptionally huge peripheral pain-relieving action while the
concentrate at 400mg/kg portion showed the greatest 400
hindrance of writhing 65.57%.
The above information in the table the MESF
TABLE V: TEST MATERIALS UTILIZED IN THE (Methanol Soluble Fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia
ASSESSMENT OF PAIN-RELIEVING ACTIVITY OF paniculata at a portion of 400mg/kg displayed 65.57%
MESF (METHANOL SOLUBLE FRACTION) OF (t=12.6491, P=0.0002) of restraint and at dosages of
LEAVES OF Wendlandia paniculata 200mg/kg likewise demonstrated 60.66% (t=11.7004, P
=0.0003) of hindrance contrasted with the standard
Test Dose medication Diclofenac that show 83.61% (t=18.0312,
Identifie specimens Grou Identificatio (mg/kg P<0.0001) of the inhibition.
r p n )*
1%
0.1 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Polysorbate Control
ml/10 g
CTRL -80 in I (Negative
of body
ordinary Control)
weight
saline
Standard
STND Diclofenac II (Positive 50
Control)
Methanol
MESF 1 soluble III A Trial model 400
fraction FIGURE 4: CORRELATION OF % INHIBITION OF
WRITHING REACTIONS
Methanol
MESF 2 soluble IIIB Trial model 200 The diverse test specimens were exposed to screening
for pain-relieving activity by acidic acid initiated writhing
fraction inhibition strategy. The test was performed by taking
samples at portions 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight.
The outcome was measurably assessed and the t-Test and p
esteems were resolved. The test materials display critical
peripheral pain-relieving potentiality at both the two
portions while the MESF (Methanol Soluble Fraction) at
400 mg/kg portion showed the greatest reduction of writhing
at 65.57%.

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C. Evaluation of anti-diarrheal potentiality of MESF anti-diarrheal test and the accompanying information are
(Methanol Soluble Fraction) of leaves of Wendlandia gathered.
paniculata
The MESF (Methanol Soluble Fraction) of leaves of
Wendlandia paniculata was exposed to castor oil instigated

TABLE VII: TEST MATERIALS UTILIZED IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-DIARRHEAL ACTION OF MESF
(METHANOL SOLUBLE FRACTION) OF LEAVES OF Wendlandia paniculata

Test Dose (mg/kg) *

Identifier specimens Group Identification
CTRL 1% Polysorbate-80 in I Control 0.1 ml/10 g of body
ordinary saline weight
STND Loperamide II Standard 50
MESF 200 Methanol soluble fraction III A Trial model 200
MESF 400 Methanol soluble fraction III B Trial model 400

TABLE VIII: INFORMATION ADDRESSING THE SUM OF NO. OF DIARRHEAL FECES STOOL GIVEN BY EACH
MOUSE

No. of diarrheal feces

% Devaluation
diarrheal feces

of diarrhea
Mouse no
Identifier

Sum of

Avrg.
2nd hour

3rd hour

4th hour
1st hour

CTRL 1 1 3 1 3 8 8.00
2 2 2 2 2 8
3 3 2 1 2 8
STND 1 0 0 1 2 3 2.33 70.83
2 0 0 1 1 2
3 0 1 1 0 2
MESF 1 1 1 1 1 4 4.67 41.67
200 2 0 2 1 2 5
3 0 2 1 3 5
MESF 1 0 2 2 0 4 4.33 45.83
400 2 0 2 2 1 5
3 0 1 2 1 4

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TABLE 9: EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF LEAVES of Wendlandia paniculate
Treatme

%Deval

Level of
Signific
diarrhe
Standar

P value
d Error
uation
(b.w.)

value
t-test
Dose

ance
nt

of

a
Control (Saline) 10 ml/kg
Standard 5 70.83 0.33 17 <0.0001 Extremely statistically significant
(Loperamide) mg/kg
Crude Extract 200 41.67 0.33 10 0.0006 Statistically significant
mg/kg
Crude Extract 400 45.83 0.33 11 0.0004 Very statistically significant
mg/kg

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION acting medications inhibit the production of pain sensation at

the chemoreceptor level [23].

This In Vivo study states, the methanol soluble fraction

of leaves of Wendlandia paniculata at portions of 200 and
400 mg/kg body weight indicated an exceptionally
significant (P < 0.001) deduction of pain in Swiss albino
mice. The acidic acid instigated writhing is suggested for
assessing the peripheral pain-relieving action of traditional
medicinal plants. Intra-peritoneal dispensation of acidic acid
(1%) discloses the inflammation reaction through the
creation of prostaglandins particularly PGE2 and PGF2α and
histamine in the peritoneal liquid of the trial models [1] In
the peripheral analgesic study, the methanol fraction at
FIGURE 5: ANTI-DIARRHEAL IMPACT OF portions of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight altogether
METHANOL SOLUBLE FRACTION OF LEAVES OF restrained the licking and biting reaction actuated by the
Wendlandia paniculata ON CASTOR OIL (1ML/MICE) infusion of the acidic acid connotative to the pain-relieving
INITIATED LOOSE BOWELS IN MICE. action of Wendlandia paniculata by the restraint of pain
mediators. As the methanol, soluble fraction of Wendlandia
The methanol soluble fraction of leaves of paniculata is repressing pain started both centrally and
Wendlandia paniculata showed genuinely critical enemy of peripherally, it tends to be proposed that they may be acting
diarrheal movement with a 41.67% and 45.83% decrease of through both central and peripheral mechanisms. Further
diarrhea at a portion of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg contrasted phytochemical examinations are warranted to find out the
with the standard loperamide 70.83%. mindful segments.

V. DISCUSSION The methanol soluble fraction of leaf extract

significantly (P < 0.001) hindered castor oil-incited loose
bowels in mice. The castor oil-actuated loose bowels exhibit
In this investigation, the pain relieving and against
secretory diarrhea, since an unsaturated fatty acid named
diarrheal properties of the methanol soluble fraction of leaves Ricinoleic acid, the active ingredient of castor oil, initiates
of Wendlandia paniculata were resolved and the aftereffects diarrhea by a hyper-secretory reaction [24]. Ricinoleic acid
of our examination demonstrate huge pain-relieving and anti- also causes aggravation and irritation of the gut mucosa
diarrheal properties. which prompts improved peristalsis and decreased
reabsorption of Na+ particle, Cl− ions, and water from the
In this examination, the Pain-relieving action of gut which at last incites diarrhea [25]. Since the Methanol
Wendlandia paniculata was assessed by two tests that were concentrate of Wendlandia paniculata effectively hindered
the tail-drenching test for peripheral pain-relieving the castor oil-prompted loose bowels, it tends to be accepted
movement and acidic acid-initiated writhing for central pain- that the antidiarrheal activity was exerted by the anti-
relieving action in the mice model. Standard secretory component. An investigation report indicates the
pharmacological models for the evaluation of analgesia by decrease of the absolute number of wet feces in the trail
traditional medicine are both tail immersion and acidic acid models in this analysis. Phyto-constituents like alkaloids,
incited writhing test [22]. Expanding the limit for pain and terpenes, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids might present
modifying the physiological reaction to pain is the activity in Wendlandia paniculata that enhances the anti-diarrheal
of centrally acting analgesics. Be that as it may, peripherally potentiality of the plant samples.

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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VI. CONCLUSION [6] S. Rudra et al., “Biological investigations of the
methanol extract of tetrastigma leucostaphylum
Our findings indicate that the use of Wendlandia (Dennst.) alston ex mabb. (vitaceae): In vivo and in
paniculata in traditional medicine to treat chest pain is vitro approach,” J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther., vol. 3,
justified. The Methanol Soluble Fraction (MESF) showed the no. 3, pp. 216–224, 2020, doi:
significant antidiarrheal effect on diarrheal condition in trail 10.5455/jabet.2020.d127.
models. Given these discoveries, it tends to be accepted that [7] H. T. Cheng et al., “Inflammatory pain-induced
Wendlandia paniculata could be a likely hotspot for novel signaling events following a conditional deletion of the
'lead' disclosure for antidiarrheal and pain-relieving drug N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in spinal cord dorsal
improvement. Further researches are expected to identify the horn,” Neuroscience, vol. 155, no. 3, pp. 948–958,
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