Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Mechanical Properties of GFR & Graphite

Epoxy Polymer Composites
A.Aakash 1, S.Selvaraj 2
1
PG Scholar Department of Mechanical Engg., ACGCET, Karaikudi– 630003,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
2
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Department of Mechanical Engg., ACGCET, Karaikudi -630003,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA.

Abstract:- Composite materials have the great potential fiber content decreases ductile content of the material.
and widely used as building material in numerous Elanchezhian C [2] conducted a work on varying strain
applications. Polymer composite material obtains the rates and temperatures on the materials of glass and carbon
necessary properties in a controlled significant degree fiber reinforced polymer composites in order to analyse the
by the selection of strands and lattice. The properties of mechanical behaviour of the composite material. Here the
the materials have been selected by choosing the correct force versus displacement and time versus force curves for
proportion of matrix and reinforcements. To build the each case have been drawn. The impact strength has the
quality of the material by expanding the fiber substance significant effect on the material as the material strength
of the material. In this current examination, the has decreased due to less amount of fiber content on the
mechanical properties of the glass fiber and graphite is particular composite material. Hence increasing the fiber
strengthened with epoxy polymer composite were content will increases the strength of the material. Jacob
considered. Here the open embellishment method was Olaitan Akindapo [3] evaluated the mechanical properties
received for the manufacture of the polymer composite of coconut shell fibers as reinforcement material and epoxy
The mechanical properties, for example, rigidity, resin as the matrix material and fabricated the composite
compression quality, sway quality and water ingestion material using compression moulding technique.
test was resolved according to the ASTM norms. The Mechanical properties, for example, rigidity, pressure
mechanical properties were improved as the filaments quality, flexural quality, and effect quality are assessed.
support content expanded in the grid material. The interfacial properties, inward splits, and inner structure
of the cracked surfaces are assessed by utilizing SEM. The
Keywords:- Glass Fiber, Graphite, Epoxy Resin, Hand last explanation showed that the joining of coconut shell
Lay-Up Technique. filaments with epoxy pitch can improve the properties of
the composite material. T.D. Jagannatha [4] experiment on
I. INTRODUCTION the mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber
strengthened epoxy half breed polymer composites. At first
This paper shows that the mixing of manufactured the materials contain the carbon fiber and glass filaments
filaments in half and half composites has progressively are fortifications and epoxy half and half tar are utilized as
applied in a few unique fields of building and innovation. lattice. The mechanical properties, for example, elasticity
In automobile industries, steels are also used in car and hardness are assessed. The small-scale hardness of
bumpers. In this present work, steel is replaced with carbon fiber fortified composite is higher than different
composite material. Composites are overwhelming the composites. The malleability of carbon fiber strengthened
business. The quality of the composites relies upon the composite is higher than different composites. Akar Dogan
attributes of the support and the network stages. Further [5] variety of the mechanical properties of E-glass/epoxy
expansion of particles (Hardener) into the grid improves the composites is exposed to aqueous maturing. The vacuum-
general properties and attributes of the composite material. helped tar implements forming was utilized to make
The flow inquire about includes the manufacture of the composites. In assembling of composites, unidirectional E-
glass fiber strengthened, graphite composites with epoxy glass textures with areal thickness of 300g/m2 and a pitch
gum particles in the lattice utilizing hand lay-up process. A framework (Araldite LY 564/Aradur 3487 BD) were
composite material (likewise called a synthesis material or utilized. To decide the mechanical properties, for example,
abbreviated to composite, which is the basic name) is a modulus of versatility, longitudinal, and transverse quality,
material produced using at least two constituent materials shear quality and Poisson's proportion of the composite
with fundamentally unique physical or compound materials are directed. The ingested vitality increment for
properties that, when joined, produce a material with 100h matured examples and the assimilated vitality
qualities not the same as the individual segments. K.Naresh generally stays steady until 800h and afterward diminishes.
Kumar [1] investigated the mechanical properties of the Most extreme contact power and deflection are of
glass fiber polymer matrix with reinforcement of coal ash. comparable conduct.
In this composite material is to increase and enhance the
elastic modulus and tensile strength with increasing the
glass fiber content. However, the rupture behaviour
changes from ductile to brittle. However increasing the

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Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. METHODOLOGY III. SPECIMEN PREPARATION

The glass fiber, graphite and epoxy are the selected The glass fiber and graphite fiber
materials as per the above studies. To create the composite strengthened epoxy composite pieces were taken
material hand-lay-up strategy is reasonable for the chosen out from the form and afterward the examples
type pitch superior to other embellishment method To were cut into appropriate measurements
avoid resin air gap caused during the curing process can according to the ASTM standards according to
cause low bonding between the resin and reinforcement different mechanical testing. Using the different
materials. tools in the workshop the test specimen was cut
from the composite slabs. Here ASTM standard
 Fabrication of composites: a370 is used for mechanical testing for tensile,
Mould made of mild steel was used with dimensions compression and impact testing of the composite
of 300x300x10mm of each specimen for tensile test this material.
method is the cheapest method of manufacturing the quality
of the composite depends on the skills. Gel coat is first IV. TESTING OF THE COMPOSITE
applied to the form utilizing a splash firearm for a top- MATERIALS
notch surface. At the point when the gel coat has relieved
move stock glass fiber fortification is physically positioned The mechanical properties of the composite
on the shape were assessed by tractable, pressure, effect, and
water assimilation estimations. The examples are
set up from the manufactured composites and the
edges are done by utilizing record and Emery
sheet. Pliable testing was inspected by ASTM
a370. The examples were stacked between two
physically movable grippers of 60KN on the
mechanized all-inclusive testing machine with an
electronic extensometer which is used for
measuring the elongation of the gauge length.
The load is applied until the material gets
fractured. Here the elongation, maximum load,
initial and final gauge length of the specimen is
recorded. The test was rehashed for another
example and the normal was taken from the
elasticity of the composite material. Compression
Fig 1:- Mould plate testing was examined same as ASTM a370. The
specimens were loaded between the plates of the
universal testing machine. Here the material
experiences the opposing forces that the forces
which acts inwards through the specimen. Impact
testing was examined according to ASTM a370.
Here izod testing machine is used for impact test.
The center of the specimen was cut into V-notch
and the position of the specimen is placed
vertically. Direction of the notch face is placed in
front of the striker. The striking point of the
specimen is the upper tip. This is also called as
pendulum testing machine. Water absorption
testing shows that the material capability to
withstand amount of water can absorb with in the
Fig 2:- Composite plates period of time under specific conditions. The
standard used for water adsorption is ASTM
The covering gum is applied by pouring, brushing, D570. The equipment used to measure the weight
splashing, or utilizing a paint roller. FRP rollers, paint is mettler balance. The specimen is dried in a
rollers are utilized to unite the cover, wetting the support broiler for a predetermined time and temperature
and expelling ensnared air. Then the second layer of the and the set in a desiccator for cooling the
graphite reinforcement is mixed with resin and is poured example. The examples are weighed before
above the previous layer. Then another layer of glass fiber testing. At that point the material is risen in water
reinforcement is added to build laminate thickness. Then at covetousness upon conditions for 48hrs and
the material is then placed in the open atmosphere for the 96hrs. At that point the examples are evacuated
curing process. Two identical specimens were preparing at tapped dry with a buildup free material and
various compositions. gauged.

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Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Tensile strength:

Fig 3:- tensile specimen dimensions

The pliable test was performed distinctly on the level composite example. The components of the
example according to the ASTM standard are appeared in the above figure. The test was performed for four
samples and the average value is taken for analysis.

Table 1:- tensile strength tabulation

In this analysis the second specimen has the high tensile strength than the first specimen due to the
variation of reinforcement such as increasing the graphite powder and decreasing the glass fiber content so
that the second specimen can withstand load than the first specimen. This shows that the increasing the
reinforcement will increasing the strength of the material.

Total load Vs Tensile strength

45
40 41.88
37.57
Tensile Strength

35
30.62 35.15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
6.57 6.95 8.24 9.24
Total Load
Fig 4

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Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 5:- Tensile Specimen-1

Fig 6:- Tensile Specimen-2

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Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
B. Impact strength: D. Water retention:
Water retention test is utilized to decide the measure
of water ingested under the particular conditions. The factor
that affects the water absorption is the type of plastics used,
additives added, temperature available, and the length of
the exposure. The ASTM standard used for water
absorption is D570. The specimen is then dried on the oven
and weighted in the mettler balance then immersed in the
liquid placed at the room temperature for 48hrs and 96hrs.
Then the specimen is weighted at 48hrs and 96hrs. Then
Fig 7:- impact specimen dimensions compare before water absorption weight and after water
absorption weight and the results are noted in the tabular
Effect test was proceeded according to the column.
ASTM standard appeared over the figure. In this
impact test the specimen is V-notched at the
center of the specimen in one side and the other
side is left as plain surface. The specimen is
placed on the izod testing machine, notch face is
placed in front of the striker. The striker is lifted
at an angle of 45 and then the striker is locked up.
When the lock is released the striker hits the Table 4:- water retention tabulation
upper part of the specimen. Then the impact
values re measured in joules and noted down.

Table 2:- impact strength tabulation

From the above analysis the second specimen requires

more joules to break the specimen than the first specimen.
So that mixing ratio of the second specimen gives more
strength then the first specimen ratio.

C. Compressive strength:

Fig 9:- specimen 1

Fig 8:- compression specimen dimensions

A pressure test is any test wherein a material

encounters contradicting powers that push internal upon the
example from inverse sides or is in any case compacted,
crushed, squashed, or straightened. Reason for pressure
tests is to decide the conduct or reaction of a material while
it encounters a compressive burden by estimating central
factors, for example, strain, stress, and disfigurement. The
ASTM for compression test is a370.

Table 3:- compressive strength tabulation

From the above analysis the second specimen gives

the high compressive strength than the first specimen. So
that the second specimen mixing ratio is better than the first Fig 10:- specimen 2
specimen.

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Volume 5, Issue 6, June – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VI. CONCLUSION [9]. Akula Swathi, S.Bhanu Murthy, K.Nagendra Babu
(2019) "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of GFRP
Fiber strengthened composite are one of the blasting Composites with Fillers", IJITEE Vol. 8 Issue11
materials in aviation, car, marine, development, and [10]. Sutrisno, Sutomo, Sudarno, and T.Tristono
building Enterprises. In which Glass strands are playing a (2019)"Study on Mechanical Properties of Composite
fundamental job in fiber fortified composite as a result of Geomaterial Powder Waste Tiles and Glass Fiber",
its great mechanical properties. In this part the ends are AIMS Materials Science vol.6
made by the outcome got by examination of glass
fiber/graphite fortified polymer composite. Examinations
are done by ductile, pressure, effect, and water assimilation
testing. The following conclusions can be drawn from the
present investigation.

The second mixing ratio of glass fiber (20%) +Epoxy

resin+ graphite (4%) Shows higher tensile, compressive
strength, maximum impact strength and high water
absorption rate from these investigations. Due to higher
volume of reinforcements in the specimen induces the
mechanical properties.

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