This is the third edition of the Detox Catwalk, which assesses the steps taken by fashion brands to fulfil their commitments. This year the focus is on implementation; brands are evaluated from the point of view of their Detox 2020 deadline to eliminate hazardous chemicals, thinking backwards to assess if they have the necessary tools to be fit for 2020.
For decades, industrial companies have chosen to use the environment and in particular our waterways as a dumping ground for hazardous chemicals, unhindered by ineffective government regulations. For local communities living near manufacturing facilities water pollution has become a daily reality. Regulations have not always prevented the release of toxic chemicals into the environment, particularly in the Global South, because for persistent, hazardous chemicals, there is no ‘safe’ level.
Greenpeace launched its “Detox My Fashion” campaign in July 2011 to address this problem, asking the textile industry to urgently take responsibility for its contribution to toxic pollution.
Hazardous chemicals are commonly used for the manufacture of clothes by many well-known brands.
The campaign has secured global Detox commitments from 76 international brands, retailers and suppliers and has had political impacts, triggering policy changes in the Europe and Asia. Fashion brands, in particular, can play an important role in transforming the sector because of the influence they have on suppliers and trends. This is already happening in Italy, where a collaboration which began in the Prato region now has 42 companies working together to Detox.
While we still need to work on Detoxing the textile industry - our addiction to fast fashion and the increasing rate that clothes are made, bought, used and thrown away is amplifying the environmental and human impacts of fashion. In future Greenpeace will be pushing for more profound changes on moving towards “closing and slowing the loop”.
---- Detox 2020 plan - a system for eliminating hazardous chemicals that is proactive and precautionary.
---- PFC elimination - substituting hazardous PFCs with safer alternatives.
---- Transparency - disclosing information on suppliers and the hazardous chemicals they discharge.
The 2016 Detox Catwalk finds that a few companies are ahead of the curve and on track to meet their commitments – these three are AVANT-GARDE. The majority – twelve ‐ of the Detox committed brands are still in EVOLUTION MODE ‐ and need to improve their performance in at least two of the three key assessment criteria. Finally, four brands are taking a FAUX PAS ‐ by not yet accepting individual responsibility for their hazardous chemical pollution and implementing the urgent steps needed to achieve the goal of eliminating hazardous chemicals by 2020.
Detox committed companies that are ahead of the field, leading the industry towards a toxic-free future with credible timelines, concrete actions and on-the-ground implementation.
Inditex
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Benetton
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
H&M
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
These companies are committed to Detox and have made progress implementing their plans, but their actions need to evolve faster to achieve the 2020 Detox goal.
C&A
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Fast Retailing
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
G Star
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Mango
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Miroglio
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Valentino
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Adidas
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Burberry
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Levis
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Primark
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Puma
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
M&S
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Companies which originally made a Detox commitment but are currently heading in the wrong direction, failing to take individual responsibility for their supply chain´s hazardous chemical pollution.
Esprit
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Limited Brands
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Li-Ning
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
Nike
Detox 2020 plan / PFC Elimination / Transparency
There are still many uncommitted toxic addicts that have failed to take responsibility for their toxic trail and have yet to make a credible, individual Detox commitment. This is despite the fact that some of their products have been identified as polluting in investigations that Greenpeace has undertaken since October 2013. Sadly, while the sector is moving to Detox, Armani, Bestseller, Diesel, D&G;, GAP, Hermes, LVMH Group/Christian Dior Couture, Metersbonwe, PVH, VAncl and Versace continue to avoid tackling the problem with the seriousness it deserves.
Its approach to transparency is exemplary: it has ensured that its suppliers publish their data on the discharge of hazardous chemicals in wastewater; it has published a list of its wet process suppliers; investigated the presence of hazardous chemicals across its supply chain including an analysis of trends across regions; and has a root causes programme to determine the source of hazardous chemicals when they occur.
Inditex has a comprehensive and well explained Detox 2020 plan that embeds a “clean factory approach” for the elimination and phase-out of its extensive ‘List’ of hazardous chemical groups, including their regular monitoring in wastewater before treatment.
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@Inditex
As well as delivering on its commitment to eliminate PFCs, Benetton has published its investigation into its products and supply chain processes and ensures that alternatives are tested against hazard criteria. Benetton continues to make good progress towards its’ longer term goal on transparency and provides information on its monitoring of wastewater discharges, publishing full details of the suppliers that were tested.
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@Benetton
It has a regularly updated Detox 2020 plan which includes hazardous chemicals beyond the initial 11 groups, that is based on a transparent hazard screening method and uses the lowest detection limits. Its programme is applied using a Clean Factory approach to enforce its targets, by ensuring that suppliers apply Detox across their whole mill, not only for the brand’s products.
H&M was the first brand to eliminate the hazardous chemicals PFCs from its products but it still needs to deliver on its commitment to publish a case study which documents this, to help expedite the elimination of PFCs by other brands and through regulation.
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@H&M
Although it has improved its Detox 2020 plan by setting its own wastewater testing standards for hazardous chemicals and referring to its “clean factory” approach, unfortunately it still relies on the inadequate screening methodology behind the ZDHC’s MRSL which results in fundamental flaws.
C&A successfully eliminated PFCs from its products in January 2015 and provides information to its suppliers on PFC-free alternatives to use; it still needs to publish a case study on substituting PFCs.
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@C&A
Fast Retailing takes individual responsibility for its Detox 2020 plan and has an MRSL with many progressive elements, including a hazard based screening methodology and the recognition of “no safe levels” of hazardous chemicals; it needs to adopt a “clean factory” approach which would be applied to the suppliers whole factory, not just to its own production lines and present the dates for its elimination targets and phase outs more clearly.
Fast Retailing has acknowledged it will not deliver on its target to eliminate PFCs by July of this year; it reports that 98% of its products are PFC-free and that it requires one more year to achieve 100%.
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@UNIQLO
It does best on PFCs and transparency, but it is hampered by its use of the ZDHCs MRSL for its Detox 2020 plan, although G-Star goes further with its own plans and fills in some important gaps that allow for better implementation of its elimination of hazardous chemicals. G-Star needs to create its own MRSL which proactively uses a hazard based screening methodology and implements a “clean factory” approach which would be applied to the suppliers whole factory, not just to its own production lines.
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@GStarRAW
Mango’s Detox 2020 plan includes its own individual MRSL, which is updated regularly and implements the fact that there are “no safe levels” of hazardous chemicals. It also has a “clean factory” approach which it applies to a supplier’s whole factory, not just to its own production line. It needs to explain in more detail how it uses its screening methodology for selecting additional hazardous chemicals as well as fill some gaps in the new chemicals it has selected. Mango was among the first companies to eliminate the use of PFCs in line with its commitment; none of its products contain PFCs. It has committed to publish a case study documenting the process.
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@Mango
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@MiroglioGroup
This is partly due to the incomplete communication of its priorities to its suppliers in its Detox 2020 plan - while it has banned the use of all PFCs, some important examples (fluorinated telomers) are not included in its list for manufacturers, even though they are restricted in products. Valentino has eliminated the use of all PFCs. It also openly reports that some PFCs remain a problem and provides complete information about its investigation, which is exemplary. Greenpeace recognises this effort of transparency, which we would expect from any brand facing the same problems of enforcement.
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@Valentino
adidas’s Detox 2020 plan has some positive elements, such as its reference to a ‘clean factory’ approach, its proactive chemicals management and its suppliers engagement tools, but it is undermined by the fundamentally flawed ZDHC MRSL. Its progress would be much faster if adidas developed its own individual MRSL to implement its “clean factory” approach. adidas is on track to meet its goal on the elimination of PFCs by 2017 but given the fast pace of innovation on alternatives, it should accelerate its complete phase out of these hazardous chemicals. It should also provide information to its customers on PFC and PFC-free products.
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@adidas
It has recently achieved its target to eliminate all PFCs and needs to publish a case study documenting this process as well as show transparent hazard assessment of the alternatives. On transparency it reports that over 80% of its global wet processing suppliers have published their data on hazardous chemicals and it documents its facility level testing on its own website. It now needs to ensure its suppliers continue to report their Detox data, provide a more detailed breakdown and to publish a list of its suppliers, which needs to include its major wet processing suppliers.
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@Burberry
LS & Co reports on the elimination of PFCs by 2016 in line with its commitment and it has published a case study which includes a hazard assessment of the substitute being used, though it should be encouraged to continue researching substitutes for PFCs as this assessment shows its preferred alternative is not ideal.
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@Levis
Primark's dependency on the ZDHC means it is not selecting new target chemicals for elimination or ensuring that when it tests for their elimination it is as close as possible to ‘zero’ - recognising that there is no ‘safe level’ for hazardous and persistent chemicals. It performs best on the elimination of hazardous PFCs within its deadline which it has documented in a case study.
To ensure contamination does not remain in its supply chain Primark needs to adopt a “clean factory” approach which is applied to the suppliers’ whole factory – not just to Primark’s own production lines.
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@Primark
This means that Puma’s Detox 2020 plan is not hazard-based, not transparent, is lacking wastewater testing detection limits and some key hazardous chemical groups. Despite this, Puma’s plan has some positive elements such as its engagement with suppliers. Puma needs to set its own individual MRSL which implements a “clean factory” approach which would be applied to the suppliers whole factory, not just to its own production lines.
Puma performs best on transparency by publishing an exemplary suppliers list as well as full details about its suppliers reporting on their Detox wastewater discharges on its website, with links to the online data.
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@Puma
It performs worst on its Detox 2020 plan where despite some positive elements such as a ‘clean factory’ approach, the mandatory disclosure of chemical inventories and its work with suppliers on implementation, M&S’s efforts are hampered by its use of the ZDHC’s MRSL with its fundamental flaws. M&S at least recognises that the use of best available detection limits is necessary, in support of the fact that there are no safe levels of hazardous chemicals. It performs best on transparency where it has ensured the disclosure of data representing 39% of its wet process facilities, publishes an interactive online list of suppliers and is monitoring for hazardous chemicals at various stages of the manufacturing process, although more analysis of trends needs to be done. M&S; is on target to achieve its objective of eliminating the use of PFCs in its products in July 2016, although M&S is not directly labelling existing stock made with PFC finishes that will still be sold.
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@MarksAndSpencer
It is no longer ensuring that its suppliers publish their Detox data, part of its commitment to transparency, and instead is focussing on chemical inputs. Although this is also necessary, by deciding to de-prioritise wastewater testing it is missing a vital safety net for checking all sources of hazardous chemicals in a facility, which then need to be tracked back to find the actual source. It is also shirking its responsibility to the public and its customers for transparent disclosure of its discharges of hazardous chemicals.
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Esprit
It has failed to provide a positive confirmation that it has eliminated all PFCs, in line with its commitment that these should no longer be used in its manufacturing by July 2015. Limited Brands also relies on the flawed ZDHC chemicals list to implement its Detox 2020 plan and as result it is failing to match up to its 2020 Detox Commitment. Its best efforts are made on transparency, for ensuring that its suppliers publically report their discharges of hazardous chemicals and providing a discharges analysis report, although it needs to be more rigorous in testing wastewater BEFORE it is treated.
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@VictoriasSecret
Instead of taking individual responsibility, LiNing refers to the flawed system set up by the ZDHC for implementing its Detox 2020 plan. This is full of gaps and misinterprets the required hazard screening methodology for adding new hazardous chemicals. LiNing has also not committed to eliminate all PFCs - it will only do this for 95% of its woven products only - and does not provide an update on progress. However, its performance on transparency is better - it reports that is has achieved its goal to disclose data from 80% of its suppliers on a global online platform.
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@Li-Ning
Despite efforts made by Greenpeace to work with Nike on improving its Detox 2020 plan, Nike still does not take individual responsibility for implementing its Detox Commitment, relying instead on the inadequate ‘ZDHC’ list of chemicals which is missing most of the PFCs (one of the 11 priority groups of hazardous chemicals) and has some other gaps. On PFC elimination it has succeeded in eliminating 90% of the PFCs it uses but it still does not commit to eliminate all PFCs in all the products it makes.
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@Nike