Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Application of Efficiency Technology in EV Drive

Systems and Regenerative Braking
Michael Anthony Stahl
Huntsville, Alabama, USA

Abstract: - Technology originally designed for efficiency modern power plants, as the rapid construction of entirely
and greenhouse gas emission reduction in commercial new facilities is often beyond the immediate available
power generation being utilized as an assist in efficiency funding of many utility providers.
in an electric vehicle. A mechanism, consisting of a
driving shaft composed of a non-ferrous alloy, with
planar magnetically charged beams, reacting with a set
of stationary magnets. Originally for installation within
the drive of a power plant, it facilitates the rotation of
the primary generators with greater torque and ease of
operation and may now be utilized in gaining efficiency
in electric vehicle power systems.

Keywords:- Driveshafts, Drives, Electric generators and

motors, Electric Power production, Electric Vehicle,
Regenerative braking.

I. INTRODUCTION

The consequences of the proliferation of Carbon

Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide emissions in the earth’s Fig. 1: Point of device installation within power plant
atmosphere have been of major concern for decades, as
early as the 1960’s.[1] Automotive manufacturers are now Although originally conceived for use in fossil fuel
committed to achieving sustainability, not only in their and nuclear power plants, the concept may also be applied
products but also in how they are manufactured. [4] This in any method of electrical power production which
poses even greater challenges in technological employs rotation to generate an electrical field.
development, in how to produce world class, highly II. DESIGN AND OPERATION
advanced products while minimizing harm to the
environment,. This is especially challenging for any It consists of a tubular driving shaft, (Figure 2) forged
manufacturer, as while technological advancement can of 304 stainless steel (S30400) or other non-ferrous alloy.
move quickly, implementation within existing Over the center of the shaft are two elongated wheel
infrastructure is often difficult, if not totally economically sections, each containing a series of sixteen (16) vanes. The
impracticable. While a gradual shift is much more vanes form the channels into which are installed a series of
manageable, the rate of change currently desired, and even eight (8) magnetized strips. The strips are in themselves
stressed by governments and environmental concerns is far essentially bar magnets, each having a north and south
more drastic to implement. polar end accordingly and are installed in alternating order
around the perimeter of the shaft. Each strip is shaped with
In 2007 a Project was created to gain efficiency and a dovetail configuration which both assists in stability as
reduce emissions in traditional means of electric power well as functionality within their respective channels,
generation, and aid in the eventual transition from fossil creating the equilibrium necessary for rotation at high
fuels to alternative forms of energy production, specifically speeds. Near the poles of each strip are eight (8) stationary
in the generation of electricity by fossil fuel. A magnets which react with the shaft. At any given moment
magnetically assisted generator shaft was designed to during.operation. The strips are being attracted by one of
function as a link, specifically at the point where the the stationary magnets, yet also repelled by half of the force
generated torque is delivered from the turbine drive to the of each of the surrounding two strips on either side (figure
main series of generators within a power plant. (Figure 1) 3) They are rated at the same charge or pull load and flux
This providing an estimated 15 to 25% gain in efficiency density as those on the shaft, creating a necessary balance
with a likewise percentage in emissions reduction. In turn, of constant magnetic attractions and reactions.
this also lowers the production cost of each kilowatt per
hour to the producer. It is this assistance that enables the ease of the rotation
as the reactions of the stationary magnets with the
The device is applied within established means of magnetized strips produce the effect of a virtual “cradle” or
electric energy production, installed with an absolute balance of forces for the shaft to rotate within, similar to
minimum of cost in exchange for the benefits received. the action of a magnetic bearing. The device, in pseudo-
This is especially helpful in areas serviced by relatively levitation by mechanical constraint, regardless of its size

IJISRT22JUN1501 www.ijisrt.com 1582

Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
and weight is now enabled to move in a far more weightless In addition to these attributes, implementation of the
state with extremely low friction. Hence, this allows the device results in another benefit. In operation, the action
entire assembly to be moved with greatly increased produced by the shaft itself may also be employed as a
moment of force than would normally be possible. means of electrical power generation. As a commercial
Although Earnshaw's theorem does not allow for a static generator typically contains a powerful magnet which
configuration of permanent magnets to stably levitate produces an electric field, in operation, a series of wires are
another permanent magnet or materials that are rotated through this field which produces electrical current.
paramagnetic or ferromagnetic against gravity,[7] the The magnetized strips reacting with the stationary magnets
theorem does not apply to the non-static nature of the produce the same kind of reciprocation as in the
device. commercial generator with very similar end results. In this
case, the shaft during rotation also produces a magnetic
field in a method like that of the stator within the typical
commercial generator. While the magnet within the
generator is stationary with wires rotating through the field,
the magnetized strips in rotation produce a magnetic field
surrounding the shaft during operation. It is this field which
may be additionally utilized in the production of electricity.

A series of cage-type structures composed of

conductive wires will employ this added source of
electrical current. When installed surrounding the device
while in operation, the stationary wires will assimilate
current produced by their reaction with the magnetic field
produced by the shaft. This energy may then be stored or
used immediately for whatever purpose desired. The
additional current may even be deployed to partially
Fig. 2: Configuration of driving shaft facilitate the rotation of the shaft itself. This may be
achieved through an electric assist mechanism, such as a
For our illustration we will take a plant operating at series of motors. Thus, in essence, the energy produced by
50% production rate. To operate at this level, a given the shaft can also become a partial energy source to power
amount of fuel must be burned to produce enough steam to it, resulting in even greater operating efficiency.
rotate the turbine at the desired rate. The speed of the
turbine is determined by the quantity of fuel burned, which The Project was accepted to Clean Energy, NM, (Now
of course directly or indirectly regulates the speed of the New Mexico Renewable Energy Transmission
operation of the generators. Installation of this device Authority), by the New Mexico State Governor’s Office.
enables this plant to operate at the previous rate, yet with The original technical proposal StahlCon 7: Magnetically
improved productivity. A plant running at a normal 50% Assisted Generator Shaft for Use in Fossil Fuel and Nuclear
rate will now produce the amount of electricity as if Energy Production. was published on July 7, 2007, and
operating previously at a 65% to 70% rate. This is made shared with the governments of both Canada and Great
possible by the reduction in drag between the primary Britain, and the Alliance to Save Energy in Washington
turbine drive and the generators. As the mass of the shaft is D.C. [2] [6]
now free to operate within the field created by the reaction
III. CONCLUSION
of the magnetized strips with the stationary magnets. Thus,
the mass of the shaft may drive the generators with far less The basic concept of this technology could be utilized
resistance and greater torque, resulting in greater efficiency. by automobile manufacturers in two ways. It could be
employed as originally designed in increasing efficiency
and reducing operational emissions at plants where
practical, especially at operations where facilities may
produce, supplement, or store some of their own power.

There is also a definite possibility that this concept

could also have automotive applications, functioning as an
assist to a main power source in an electric vehicle, and/or
being utilized in its regenerative braking system. Since an
electric vehicle’s motor can reverse itself to function as a
generator during deceleration, the controllers on most
electric vehicles also have a system, whereby some of the
kinetic energy normally absorbed by the brakes and turned
into heat is converted to electricity by the motor/controller
and is used to re-charge the batteries. A miniaturized
Fig. 3: Shaft at given moment during operation
version of this basic type of shaft could function as a

IJISRT22JUN1501 www.ijisrt.com 1583

Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
component of an axle or drive assembly in an EV. While [5.] Komatsu, Yasuhiro, Shiga (Japan) MAGNETIC
weight displacement would not be as primary a concern in ROTATION DEVICE, Patent Application No.
an electric automotive application as it would in an internal WO2011114982A1 Date of Publication September
combustion vehicle, or even within commercial power 22, 2011
generation with this concept, the efficiency of the braking [6.] Marshall, Hazell. Environmental Nanotechnology
system to generate electrical energy during deceleration (Ed-Tech Press, 2018, p. 58)
could be greatly improved. Regenerative braking generally [7.] Simon, Martin D.; Heflinger, Lee O.; Ridgway, S. L.
not only increases the range of an electric vehicle by 5 - (1997). "Spin stabilized magnetic levitation".
10%, but also decreases brake wear and reduces American Journal of Physics. American Association
maintenance cost. [3] of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 65 (4): 286–292.
doi:10.1119/1.18488. ISSN 0002-9505. Retrieved
2006-12-06.
[8.] Stahl, Michael Anthony, Huntsville, AL (US)
MAGNETICALLY ASSISTED GENERATOR
SHAFT, Patent No. US D539,739 S Date of Patent
April 3, 2007.

Fig. 4: Magnetic Rotation Device

The shaft’s main design resulted in US Patent

D539,739 Magnetically assisted generator shaft,.[8] which
was issued on April 3, 2007.Japanese Patent JP5540411B2
Magnetic Rotation Device granted in 2010 and
International Application WO 2011114982A1 (Figure 4)
filed in 2011[5] disclose a later, very similar concept in
which alternating current flowed briefly through
electromagnets to assist in the rotation of the device,
essentially resulting in an electronic process called pulse
width modulation. All patents foreign and domestic have
expired, and the technology described herein is now
available for use in the public domain.

REFERENCES

[1.] Auchincloss, Kenneth “The Ravaged Environment”,

Newsweek, January 26, 1970. P.40
[2.] Deyab, Asma Fouad Mohammed Abdulhalem, titled
as “An Effective Climate Change and Renewable
Policies and Regulations: Scheming Competitive and
Sustainable Green Energy Environment” International
Journal of Innovative Science and Research
Technology, (IJISRT) Volume 4, Issue 3, March
2019. P. 801
[3.] EV Power Systems (Motors and controllers)
Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity, Idaho National
Laboratory. [online] Available
https://avt.inl.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fsev/power.pd
f p.3
[4.] General Motors Company Annual Report 2016,
Environmental and Regulatory Matters Part 1, p. 6.

IJISRT22JUN1501 www.ijisrt.com 1584