Musculo-Skeletal Disorder Among Re-Creational Badminton Players of Districts of Arunachal Pradesh

Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Musculo-Skeletal Disorder among Re-Creational

Badminton Players of Districts of Arunachal Pradesh
Racho Kanya1, Ngilyang Mica2
1
BPT Student, 2 Assistant Professor,
Department of Physiotherapy,
Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University,
Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract:- considered as low-risk sport, dominated by overuse injuries.

Introduction: Badminton, a popular racquet game is a While recovery time from injury is relatively long,
non-contact sport which requires a combination of jumps, Anatomically most injuries are localized to the foot and ankle,
lunges, quick changes in direction and rapid arm with the most frequent injuries being Achilles tendonitis and
movements. During such movements, the body gets tennis elbow5. An injury is defined as an episode of pain,
exposed to various forms of injuries. Hence, it is not swelling, stiffness or numbness during playing badminton or
uncommon for badminton players to sustain various after the game. Badminton injuries as a whole are
injuries during the game. Thus, the purpose of this study predominantly sprains and strains, and not overuse in nature
was to find musculoskeletal disorder among re-creational as widely believed6.
badminton players in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh.
But according to L.D. Hensey, Badminton is a sport of
Method: A cross sectional survey was carried out on 100 relatively low risk and that the majority of related injuries
badminton players using Modified Nordic were chronic overuse injuries7. It is a fast sport that requires
Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to find the prevalence of quick movements and sudden changes of direction. Injuries
musculoskeletal problems in re-creational badminton in sports are common due to contact with players, ground,
players of districts of Arunachal Pradesh. objects and other reasons such us pressure, overuse and fall.
Weakness is also a common cause of injuries. There are
Result: The study revealed that highest numbers of factors to be considered like knowing injury extension, the
players were between the age group of 22-25 years with 38 mechanism, and the preventive strategies. Proper training and
subjects. The maximum players were affected in treatment can help in protecting the damaged tissues which
wrist/hand with 44% during the last 12 months. 27% of will help healing in the inflammatory stage and pain control.
players reported having low back pain during the past 7 In addition, it helps in muscle flexibility, strength,
days and highest numbers of players’ ADLs were affected Proprioception, and balance in improving the game
by wrist pain during the past 12 months with 28% performance8. Repetitive loading during the performance of
followed by shoulder with 22%. the different kinds of strokes is the typical injury mechanism
in badminton. The overuse injury mechanism in badminton
Conclusion: The most common injuries sustained by is, however, as in most other sports less documented and more
recreational badminton players were Wrist/hand speculative, due to its multifactorial origin. Achilles tendon
followed by shoulder injuries. injuries in badminton could be due to a combined effect of the
Keywords:- Musculoskeletal disorders, badminton players, special footwork with fast forward movement/stop with
recreational badminton player, sport injuries, overuse forceful heel strike and eccentric work by the Triceps Surae
injuries. (TS) alternating with backwards toe running and concentric
work of the TS and backward or combined back/sideward
I. INTRODUCTION jumps with forceful eccentric work by the TS. Injuries could
also be caused by chronically practicing movements that
Badminton is one of the most widely-played sports in produce alternating fast changing movements that cause high
the world and the second most played sport in INDIA1. The tension on the Achilles tendon, which could produce
Badminton World Federation (BWF) estimated that about microtrauma5.
150 million people play the game worldwide2. It is a popular
non-contact, racquet sport which requires combination of The important factors for badminton players are muscle
jumps, lunges, quick changes in direction, burst actives and strength, muscular endurance, power, speed, agility,
rapid arm movements in various awkward body postures3. flexibility, balance and coordination. Functional movements
During such movements, the body may be susceptible to are highly dependent on this part of the body, and lack of core
various injuries. Therefore, it is common for badminton muscular development can result in predisposition of injury9.
players to get different injuries during the game. Hence it is Core muscles includes transverse abdominal muscle,
uncommon for badminton players to sustain various injuries abdominal external oblique muscle, multifidus muscles,
during the game4. Although badminton is one of the most abdominal internal oblique, psoas major muscle. A core
frequently played sports in the world, it has received little muscle is used to stabilize the thorax and pelvis during
interest from sports medicine specialists. Based on the few dynamic movement and it also provides internal pressure to
existing studies on injuries in badminton, badminton is expel substances. Static core functionally is the ability of
IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1522

ISSN No:-2456-2165
one’s core to align the skeleton to resist a force that does not about the sport that mainly affects the shoulder, wrist and low
change. The core strength training plays an important role in back region comparing to other areas19.
reducing and preventing lower and knee joint injuries10.
This study was aimed to provide objective data and
The injuries in badminton can be recognized on the basis information for physiotherapists working in Arunachal
of type of injuries, severity and body part. There are many Pradesh at recreational clubs, badminton institutes etc. to
prevalence studies stating that there are more of ankle and develop a better plan of training advice for players thereby to
knee injuries11. reduce risk of injury, which in turn will help to improve the
player’s performance more effectively. This study will also
As badminton is the second most popular sport in India, provide important information for badminton player in
it is necessary to understand the injury prevalence, so as to Arunachal Pradesh to understand more about the injury
predict risk factors and to set up preventive measures to patterns and predicting their causes so as to prevent them.
prevent injuries. Also to make awareness for coaches to Therefore the study was conducted to find out the prevalence
develop a better plan for training thereby reduce risk of injury of musculoskeletal disorder among the re-creational
and improve training quality6. Due to huge force involved in badminton players of district of Arunachal Pradesh.
badminton while jumping and other movements it is expected
that injuries would occur. Ankle, shoulder, and knee injuries II. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
are common injuries in badminton which needs rehabilitation.
It is recognized that the overall injuries in badminton is low A. Aim of the study:
comparing to other sports8. Furthermore, badminton match The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of
requires high intensity intermittent actions within short musculoskeletal disorder among re-creational badminton
resting period12. Fatigue may affect the neuromuscular player of districts of Arunachal Pradesh.
control of lower limb, which is susceptible to increase the risk
of injuries13. Other studies showed the majority of injuries B. Objective of the study:
among badminton players occurred in lower extremities,  To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal
which might be due to rapid movements required in this disorder among re-creational badminton players of
game. Currently only limited evidence is available about the districts of Arunachal Pradesh.
relationship between risk factors and lower extremity injuries  To find out the most prevalent region of disorder among
among re-creational badminton players14. re-creational badminton player of Arunachal Pradseh.
Hitting the shuttlecock in badminton places a high III. METHODOLOGY

degree of force on the shoulder joint, and a characteristic
feature of this sport is that it requires more shoulder mobility  Source of data: 5 Districts of Arunachal Pradesh (Lower
than other sports. Arm rotation, particularly at the shoulder, Subansiri, Papumpare, East Kaming, West Siang, Kra
is an important component of strokes, and stroke repetition Dadi).
increases the load on the shoulder15. The injuries in
 Study setting: Badminton clubs, local youth clubs
badminton can be recognized on the basis of type of injuries,
severity and body part. It is necessary to understand the  Sampling method: Convenient.
injury prevalence, so as to predict risk factors and to set up
preventive measures to prevent injuries16. High prevalence  Sample size: 100 recreational badminton players
rate of musculoskeletal disorders indicates that it is necessary
to organize the training courses about sports and coaching  Inclusion Criteria:
intervention in order to raise players’ awareness and skills.  Re-creational badminton players
These programs can be used to improve the health of players  Age group 18- 30
by preventing from the occurrence of musculoskeletal  Players playing for 12 months
disorders17.  Players playing baminton with others sports too
A retrospective study carried out in Hong Kong on elite  Exclusive Criteria:

badminton players showed that sprains were the most  Players with injuries within one month of duration.
common type of injuries, and that the back, shoulder, thigh  Players with previous formal badminton training.
and knee were the most common areas involved18. Studies  Players with neurological and systemic disorders.
reporting injuries in recreational badminton players are
limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe  Procedure:
common injuries sustained by recreational badminton A survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of
players4. Risk factors for lower limb injuries need to be musculoskeletal disorder among re-creational badminton
investigated to help develop appropriate preventive measures. players of districts of Arunachal Pradesh. An approval was
Thus, the study was aimed to analyze the relationship of obtained from the Indira Gandhi Technology and Medical
demographic and physical characteristics to lower limb Science University, Ziro. 20 re-creational players were
injuries in badminton players14. A study conducted by J. selected from each 5 districts of Arunachal Pradesh (Lower
Suresh et al concluded that there is high prevalence rate of Subansiri, Papumpare, Kara Dadi, East Kameng, West
varied musculoskeletal disorders in recreational badminton Siang). A total of 100 re-creational badminton players were
players which is due to improper training and awareness selected randomly considering inclusion and exclusion

ISSN No:-2456-2165
criteria. The players were made aware of the purpose of the Hips/Thigh/Buttocks, Knees Ankles) and category of injury
study and a consent form were taken. Each player’s ( Muscular pain, Sprain, Strain, Fracture, Dislocation) was
demographic data, performa were taken and all component noted. The distribution of the form started from Feb. 26
of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were explained to 2022 and it took about 3& half months to complete the data
each and every player. Players were asked to recall the collection. The total of all 100 re-creational players
injuries they sustained in last one year and along with responded to the questionnaire and they with full
players have been prevented from carrying out normal cooperation completed their questionnaire form and
activities during past 12 month and the injuries they submitted and the results were analyzed using (Microsoft
sustained in last 1 week as on the following anatomical site Office Excel) Graphs and tables.
of injury (Neck, Shoulders, Elbow, Wrists/Hands, Back,
IV. RESULT
Group
40
35
30
25
Group
20
15
10
Age of the
5
players
0
18-21 22-25 25-30
Fig. 1: Age Group Distribution
The subjects were divided three groups into according highest number of recreational badminton players were
to their age; Group – A (18-21) 25 subjects, Group – B (22- between the age group of 22-25 years with 38 subjects.
25) 38 subjects and Group – C (25-30) 37, the study showed

ISSN No:-2456-2165
GRAPH 2 Neck Injury
90
80
70
60
Number of participants
50
40
30
20
10
0
have you at any time during the last 12 have you had trouble
during the last 12 month have you been during the last 7 days
months had trouble prevented from
(such as ache, carrying out normal
pain,discomfort , activities(eg-
numbness) in: job/house, hobbies)
because of this trouble
Neck yes 18 13 15
Neck no 82 87 85
Fig. 2: Prevalence of Neck disorder
The present study showed that 18 out of 100 re- prevented from carrying out normal activities during past 12
creational badminton players have had trouble on neck during month and 15 out of 100 players complain of repetitive neck
past 12 months. Out of 18 subjects, 13 of them have been pain within past 1 week.

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Shoulder Injury
GRAPH 3 90
80
70
60
Number of participation
50
40
30
20
10
0
in right side in left in both
no yes
shoulder
have you at any time during the last
12 months had trouble (such as
55 30 6 9
ache, pain,discomfort , numbness)
in:
during the last 12 month have you
been prevented from carrying out
78 22
normal activities(eg-job/house,
hobbies) because of this trouble
have you had trouble during the last
71 21 3 5
7 days
Fig. 3: Prevalence of Shoulder Disorder
The present study shows that 45 out of 100 re-creational carrying out normal activities during past 12 months. On
badminton players have trouble on shoulder during past 12 further, we found 29 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 45 only 22 of them have been prevented from shoulder pain within past 1 week.

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Elbow Injury
GRAPH 4
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
no yes
elbows
83 15 2 0
in:
89 11
84 11 4 1
7 days
Fig. 4: Prevalence of Elbow Disorder
badminton players have trouble on elbow during past 12 further, we found 15 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 17 only 11 of them have been prevented from elbow pain within past 1 week.

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Wrist/Hand Injury
GRAPH 5
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
no yes
wrist / hand
53 44 3 0
in:
72 28
70 25 4 1
7 days
Fig. 5: Prevalence of Wrist/Hand Disorder
badminton players have trouble on wrist/hand during past 12 further, we found 30 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 47 only 28 of them have been prevented from wrist/hand pain within past 1 week.

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Upper back injury

GRAPH 6
100
90
80
70
Number of perticipation
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
months had trouble prevented from carrying
(such as ache, out normal
pain,discomfort , activities(eg-job/house,
numbness) in: hobbies) because of this
trouble
upper back yes 15 6 20
upper back no 85 94 80
Fig. 6: Prevalence of Upper back Disorder
badminton players have trouble on upper back during past 12 further, we found 20 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 15 only 06 of them have been prevented from upper back pain within past 1 week.

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Lower Back Injury

GRAPH 7
100
90
80
70
number of participation
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
numbness) in: hobbies) because of
this trouble
lower back yes 24 8 27
lower back no 76 92 73
Fig. 7: Prevalence of Lower back Disorder
The present study shows that 24 out of 100 re-creational from carrying out normal activities during last 12 months. On
badminton players have trouble on low back pain during past further, we found 27 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
12 months. Out of 24 only 08 of them have been prevented low back pain within past 1 week.

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Hip/Thigh/Buttock Disorder
100
GRAPH 8
90
80
number of participation
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
have you at during the last have you had
any time 12 month have trouble during
during the last you been the last 7 days
12 months had prevented from
trouble (such carrying out
as ache, normal
pain,discomfor activities(eg-
t , numbness) job/house,
in: hobbies)
because of this
trouble
one or both - hip/thigh/buttock yes 10 2 6
one or both - hip/thigh/buttock no 90 98 94
Fig. 8: Prevalence of Hip/thigh/buttock disorder
The present study shows that 10 out of 100 re-creational prevented from carrying out normal activities during past 12
badminton players have trouble on hip/thigh/buttock during months. On further, we found 6 out of 100 players complain
past 12 months. Out of 10 only 02 of them have been of repetitive hip/thigh/buttock pain within past 1 week.

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Knee injury
GRAPH 9
100
90
Number of perticipation
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
numbness) in: hobbies) because of
this trouble
one or both knees yes 25 7 16
one or both knees no 75 93 84
Fig. 9: Prevalence of Knee disorder
The study shows that 25 out of 100 re-creational carrying out normal activities during past 12 months. On
badminton players have trouble on knee during past 12 further, we found 16 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 25 only 07 of them have been prevented from knee pain within past 1 week.

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Ankle/feet Disorder
GRAPH 10
100
Number of participation 90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
have you at any during the last 12 have you had
time during the month have you trouble during
last 12 months been prevented the last 7 days
had trouble (such from carrying out
as ache, normal
pain,discomfort , activities(eg-
numbness) in: job/house,
hobbies) because
of this trouble
one or both ankle / feet yes 18 4 20
one or both ankle / feet no 82 96 80
Fig. 10: Prevalence of Ankle/feet Disorder
The study shows that 18 out of 100 re-creational carrying out normal activities during past 12 months. On
badminton players have troubled on ankle/feet during past 12 further, we found 20 out of 100 players complain of repetitive
months. Out of 18 only 04 of them have been prevented from ankle/feet pain within past 1 week.

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Pain in body parts Prevalence (%) of Prevalence (%) of Prevalence (%) of
disorder during past 12 disorder during disorders affecting ADLS
months past 7 days during past 12 months
Neck 18 15 13
Shoulder Right 30 21
Left 6 3 22
Both 9 5
Elbow Right 15 11
Left 2 4 11
Both 0 1
Wrist Right 44 25
Left 3 4 28
Both 0 1
Upper Back 15 20 6
Lower Back 24 27 8
Hips 10 6 2
Knee 25 16 7
Ankle 18 20 4
Table 1: The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in recreational badminton players during last 12 months
Table 1 shows that maximum players were affected in In our study we focused on every joint of the body but
wrist/hand with 44% during the last 12 months. 27 out of 100 in this similar study they focused on the joints of lower limb.
players reported having low back pain during the past 7 days A study on Risk factors for lower extremity injuries in young
and highest numbers of players’ ADLs were affected by wrist badminton players was conducted by Ang Lin Kang,
pain during the past 12 months with 28% followed by Vinodhkumar Ramalingam, a total of 106 Malaysian young
shoulder with 22%. badminton players (83 males, 23 females) were recruited.
Players were from national level (n=4), state level (n=41),
The result showed highest numbers of participants were district level (n=4), clubs (n=13), high school (n=21) and
between the age groups of 22-25 years with 38 players and recreational players (n=23). Forty-two players with reported
prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder of re-creational injuries were included in the case group, and 64 players with
badminton players were highest in wrist/hand with 44% in no reported injuries were included in the control group. Data
past 12 months as compare to any other analysis reported the occurrence of 60 lower extremity
joints/musculoskeletal pain. The study also showed that injuries among the 42 case group players. Ankle joint injury
maximum difficulty in performing activity of daily living was the most common lower extremity injury (63.3%)
during the past12 months among the participants were due to amongst the participants14.
wrist/hand disorder with 28%. And 27 players had complaint
of low back disorder during past 7 days. VI. CONCLUSION
V. DISCUSSION The most common injuries sustained by recreational

badminton players were Wrist/hand and shoulder injuries
In this study, the result showed highest prevalence of followed by low back, knee injuries. Other type of injury
musculoskeletal disorder of re-creational badminton players which includes muscle cramp and muscle catch was the most
in wrist/hand and shoulder as compare to any other common type of injuries. These were followed by
joints/musculoskeletal disorders during the past 12 months. A strain/sprain. Most of the injuries are not serious enough to
similar study on common injuries in Re-creational badminton warrant any form of surgical intervention. Most badminton
players were conducted by A Muttalib et al and it was players were knowledgeable about the appropriate ways to
concluded that the most common injuries sustained by prevent these injuries. In general, badminton is a sport of
recreational badminton players were shoulder and back relatively low risk and its related injuries are generally
injuries4. chronic overuse injuries.
Musculoskeletal problems in badminton players VII. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
under17 were conducted by P Sathya and Labdhi Doshi, and
the study concluded that the prevalence of musculoskeletal  During this study it was found that there are higher number
problems is more in club level and school level players. of footballer players than a badminton player in the districts
Wrist/ Hands were the most commonly injured region of Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore it was difficult to find
followed by Shoulder and Neck which is similar to the result subjects for the study.
of this study. The study also concluded that in the type of  Female are less in players as compare to male.
injury majority of players had other type of injury (53%) in  Current study was only determine to find the prevalence of
the body parts which includes Muscle Catch and Muscle musculoskeletal disorder among re-creational badminton
Cramp followed by Strain (23%) and Sprain (20%)6. player and did not include management to prevent
musculoskeletal disorder.

ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Ethical clearance- An approval was obtained from [14.] Kang AL, Ramalingam V. Risk factors for lower
Registrar, Indira Gandhi Technology and Medical Science extremity injuries in young badminton players. Sci
University, Ziro to initiate the research porject. Med. 2018;28(2):ID28939. Doi: 10.15448/1980-
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Players: A Quantitative-Research Survey. J Sports
 Conflict of Interest- Nil Sci. 2018 Apr;6:84-93, doi: 10.17265/2332-
7839/2018.02.003.
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Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Musculo-Skeletal Disorder among Re-Creational

Abstract:- considered as low-risk sport, dominated by overuse injuries.

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1522

Hitting the shuttlecock in badminton places a high III. METHODOLOGY

A retrospective study carried out in Hong Kong on elite  Exclusive Criteria:

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1523

Fig. 1: Age Group Distribution

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1524

GRAPH 2 Neck Injury

Fig. 2: Prevalence of Neck disorder

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1525

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1526

Fig. 4: Prevalence of Elbow Disorder

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Fig. 5: Prevalence of Wrist/Hand Disorder

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1528

Upper back injury

Fig. 6: Prevalence of Upper back Disorder

IJISRT22NOV905 www.ijisrt.com 1529

Lower Back Injury

Fig. 7: Prevalence of Lower back Disorder

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Fig. 8: Prevalence of Hip/thigh/buttock disorder

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Fig. 9: Prevalence of Knee disorder

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Fig. 10: Prevalence of Ankle/feet Disorder

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V. DISCUSSION The most common injuries sustained by recreational

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