Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Technical Training for School Teachers and its

Relationship to Future Trends Towards Digital
Education in Palestine
Abdelrahman Rateb Abdelrahman Shqair1 Prof. Madya Dr. Asma Abdul Rahman2
Dept. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia City, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia City,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Dr. Muhammad Marwan Bin Ismail3

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia City,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract:- The study aimed to identify: "Technical I. INTRODUCTION

training for school teachers and its relationship to future
trends towards digital education in Palestine". A sample Future scientific competencies, on which the standard
of (30) male and female teachers from schools in the of development in different societies depends. The required
West Bank. The analysis was conducted using the change and the human element are considered one of its
statistical analysis program Spss. The study concluded most important components, and therefore constitute the
that there is a significant relationship between technical most prominent basic pillars for achieving this, in a way that
training and the orientation toward digital education in guarantees its continued preservation and development,
Palestinian schools, as the response rate on the first axis leading to excellence in achieving the set goals, as school
was 72% by individuals The sample and the second axis teachers represent the most vital and important element in
with an average score of (67.82) and with a large degree the field of school work.
for all axes amounted to (70.064), and the results showed
an average response on paragraphs (2-6) and the lowest Al-Sharif (2021), in his study "A proposed vision for
response rate on the second paragraph was about the developing the role of public school teachers in the southern
existence of applications that facilitate the training of governorates of Palestine in preparing their students for the
teachers on digital education, as the percentage reached information society," indicates the need to instruct the
The response was (62%), and the response to the Palestinian Ministry of Education to focus on the
paragraph related to preparing training efficiency was capabilities of teachers, and develop their technological
also moderate, as it amounted to (62.2%), and the practices in line with the requirements of the digital age,
presence of sufficient equipment for training inside the with the aim of achieving Educational goals. Al-Shammari
school amounted to (63%), and the results showed that (2019) indicates that the promotion of digital education in
weakness Incentives and work pressures affect technical schools needs a digital teacher who keeps pace with
training, which in turn is reflected in the trend towards developments in this era, which requires him to work hard
digital education. The results showed that the lack of and continuous effort.
technical applications in the Arabic language in training
reduces the motivation of teachers toward digital  Problem Statement:
education. Based on the previous results, the researcher The international shift towards digital education
offers the following recommendations: The need to work imposed many challenges on educational institutions in the
on developing technical training mechanisms within Arab countries in general and Palestine in particular, the
clear methodologies and plans, taking into account the most important of which is the poor level of technical
work pressures of teachers and giving them sufficient training that teachers receive in the field of digital
space to benefit from technical training, the need to education. As a society, it has become imperative for the
follow up training with teachers and complete training state with all its institutions to play an active role in
programs, support training and provide incentives to inculcating the principles of information culture in education
trainees, the need to analyze training needs in the and application among these students, depending on
technical field and diversify training programs. qualified and technically trained teachers, and therefore the
need to integrate students with teacher preparation and
Keywords: Technical Training, School Teachers, Education training programs, and training and equipping the learner, as
Digital. well as with curricula and curricula education, educational
management programs, and so on, which is called for short
"the transition to digital education", since digital education

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1115

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
has become an important requirement, and an urgent spreading information awareness, and thus will contribute In
necessity for an era that the world has come to call the building informatics cadres that societies seek in the current
"digital age", which requires a change in the roles, tasks and era, after cognitive empowerment invaded various fields,
functions of the teacher, so that the teacher becomes a and educational institutions were not isolated from that
facilitator and advisor of information; By encouraging (Patton & Santos 2018) indicated that the promotion of
students to engage in various educational activities based on digital education in schools needs a teacher who is proficient
the various means of displaying educational activities in dealing with digital education strategies, and is convinced
offered by the Internet, away from stagnation, routine, and of the necessity of continuous education.
traditional systems in presenting activities, and exchanging
experiences related to educational activities. As for the study (2019, Dolfi), it was clear that digital
education requires education and training programs that
Based on the above, the study comes to answer the focus on communication skills, decision-making, self-
following question: What is the relationship between direction, leadership skills, teamwork skills, and continuous
technical training for teachers in Palestinian schools and self-learning that help maintain the impact of learning and
future trends toward digital education in Palestine? make the learning process more enjoyable.

 This Study also Aims to: As for the study of Ali, Wael (2019), “the researcher
 Exposing the relationship between technical training for indicated that the current era is called the era of revolution
teachers in Palestinian schools and the future orientation or (the digital age), as this era witnesses a revolution in the
toward digital education. production, manufacture, and innovation of digital
 Identifying the training gaps of teachers in Palestinian technologies: the nanotechnology revolution, silicon chips,
schools and their relationship to the future orientation and mobile phone devices.”, fax machines, video cameras,
toward digital education. computers, means of communication and what they use of
 To identify if there are statistically significant fiber optic technologies, satellites, information storage
differences at (α≤.05) for the role of technical training media, and networks around the world, especially the World
for teachers in Palestinian schools and the future Wide Web (the Internet). Employing this information
orientation towards digital education from the point of correctly, applying it, controlling it, and producing new
view of school teachers due to the following knowledge, which makes the learner bear the responsibility
demographic variables (sex, academic qualification, of his learning. Good employment is a basic requirement in
specialization, years of service, age, school place). all activities of daily life, especially in the field of teaching
and learning, and the research paper relied mainly on
 Significance of the Study: previous studies. Ismail (2020), the most important updates
This research acquires importance due to the direct link of digital education in the Arab world through an original
between the technical training of Palestinian teachers in vision, in an attempt to face these challenges from an
finding future directions towards the application of digital intellectual standpoint closer to the Islamic roots and
education in Palestinian schools, with the aim of change, backgrounds of the Arab nation, especially since the
renewal, and modernity in the methods of teaching and variable of knowledge and digitization - as a contemporary
learning, and that creativity has become a goal sought by all reality characterized by modernity - imposes many
educational institutions to improve the quality of education challenges in various axes that require A transformation,
by raising the level of performance of the educational transformation, and addition in the formulation of
institution and creating a global competitive advantage by educational assets in this era, and the researcher used the
the standards of globalization and modern industrial inductive and deductive approaches because they are
revolutions. appropriate to the nature of the subject of the study. The
ethical axis There are challenges related to scientific
 Previous Studies: integrity, evaluation, and some ethical controls in dealing
Among the studies that showed the importance of with digital education, which is revealed in the system of
training and the optimal use of digital educational Islamic values in the field of education, and in the material
technologies is the study of Al-Sharif (2018), which axis, the view must be comprehensive that accommodates
emphasized the importance of making use of and optimal the spiritual norms in Islamic law. The researcher
use of digital educational technologies in all stages of recommended facing and dealing with these challenges by
education, to provide theoretical and practical courses and adopting original visions based on the revelation of God
attention to planning, design and development of curricula Almighty. In the study of Markoun, Heba (2018), “Digital
and courses in the stages of education in a digital way to Education and the School of the Future,” the researcher
transform attitudes Education into digital, as Ahmed’s study indicates in her research paper that in light of the
(2018) showed, the importance of employing information developments that the world is witnessing today, the Arab
technology and the Internet in training and education, which learner must ask himself where his position is in the midst of
is considered one of the most important indicators towards these scientific and industrial revolutions. Traditional
the transformation of society into an information society, teaching methods are not compatible with modern life and
because this will contribute to increasing the efficiency and the thinking of the learner and teacher in the era of
effectiveness of education systems and teachers, and in technology and development. The researcher also points out

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1116

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
that traditional education at the present time did not add What distinguishes this study is that it came to link the
anything new to the educational content of generations practical experiences of the researcher in the field of digital
because it alone cannot keep pace with modern thought, and education to overcome the gap between theory and
the Arab world needs a shift in quantity and quality for application and to support and transfer the education process
learners of the twenty-first century, as the level of education from mere indoctrination by the teacher and the storage
is very low compared to global countries. This is not limited process by the student to the interactive dialogue process
to a few in particular, but it includes all countries in the and discussion between the two parties by focusing on the
region, so I found that the tendency to implement teacher as a main focus in the educational process. This
educational mechanisms that support traditional education, provides a supportive environment for creating a spirit of
such as digital education, has the ability to improve, support creativity and stimulates thinking and taking responsibility
and build a distinguished generation is one of the most for the learners, and the diversity of the topics raised and
important challenges that we must work on. As for the study their comprehensiveness, for essential topics in the field of
of Hamid, Suhair (2019), “Digital Education: A Conceptual transformation towards digital education, gives the current
and Theoretical Introduction,” the researcher indicates in her study its own characteristics and advantages.
research paper that the Arab world adopts traditional
teaching methods that are not compatible with modern life Currently, digital education technologies control
and the thinking of the student and teacher in the era of various political, economic, and social fields and their
technology and development. Also, traditional education at various aspects. This technology has been invested in
the present time did not add anything new to the educational facilitating and improving the learning and teaching process.
content of the generations because it alone cannot keep pace It has been gradually introduced into the educational process
with modern thought, just as the Arab world needs a shift in to stand side by side with the teacher and the book. This is
quantity and quality for the students of the twenty-first in order to contribute effectively to the delivery of
century, as the level of education is very low compared to knowledge to students easily and with high quality through
international countries, so I found that the tendency to the introduction of computers and their applications,
Implementing supportive educational mechanisms for including the World Wide Web, and electronic curricula, to
traditional education, such as digital education, that have the the educational process. It is achieved by technology from
ability to improve, support and build a distinguished devices, starting from the use of electronic display means to
generation is one of the most important challenges that we teach lessons in traditional classes, and the use of
must work on. multimedia in teaching and self-learning processes,
discussions, and open dialogues through technical means
Al-Sharif Bassem’s study (2018) showed the (Salim and Salih, 2020).
importance of measuring and determining the extent of
awareness of digital and smart educational technologies for  Study Methodology and Procedures:
faculty members in Saudi universities and their attitudes In pursuit of the objectives of the study, the researcher
toward them.The research followed the descriptive will follow the analytical descriptive (quantitative)
approach, and used two research tools, namely: a approach, as it is the appropriate approach for this research,
questionnaire of the extent of awareness of faculty members due to its suitability to the nature and objectives of the
in Saudi universities about digital and smart educational research. A descriptive approach, it is also commensurate
technologies, and a measure of attitudes towards the use of with studies related to social and human studies, and the
digital educational technologies. Digital and smart in researcher's use of the analytical descriptive approach
education. The research sample was (15) faculty members describes the reality of cognitive empowerment of teachers,
from three Saudi universities. The current research has in addition to describing the level of progress in the field of
reached several results, the most important of which are: digital education in Palestinian schools, and by referring to
There are no statistically significant differences in the previous literature and what was published on the subject
degree of awareness of faculty members in Saudi during the past years In books, reports, periodicals, the
universities about educational technologies. digital and Internet, and official websites. The research will also
smart; is due to the main effect of the academic degree, or provide information and facts about the social phenomena
gender, and the results also found that there are statistically associated with the study community and the methods and
significant differences in the attitudes of faculty members in methods of quantitative statistical analysis to analyze the
Saudi universities due to the main effect of the academic study data, because quantitative research is able to develop
degree, while there were no statistically significant theories and models and accurately answer the study
differences in the attitudes also due to the primary effect of questions, to achieve the goals, and verify the hypotheses.
the gender factor for the members of the research sample. The use of statistical analysis in the quantitative
The research also made several recommendations, including methodology with high reliability, being more appropriate to
the need to make optimal use of digital educational the nature of the study, and the ability of quantitative
technologies in the university and pre-university education methods to validate the study hypotheses and verify the
stages in providing theoretical and practical courses. correlations within the study variables.

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1117

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Study Population: technical training scale and the orientation scale towards
The study population consisted of 150 male and female digital education in order to formulate the questionnaire
teachers in schools in the central West Bank in Palestine and paragraphs in line with the scientific research literature.
and they have advanced technical training.
 Tool validity
 Study Sample: To ensure the validity of the tool, the researcher
The study sample included 30 teachers and teachers presented the study tool to (7) arbitrators specialized in the
and the sample was selected intentionally and based on the fields of education and the Arabic language, and the opinion
recommendations of their managers. of the majority was taken into account. As for the validity of
the internal consistency of the tool, this was done by
 Field study: calculating the correlation coefficients for each paragraph in
The researcher chose an intentional sample consisting its domain, which shows the tables for calculating the
of (30) male and female teachers from public schools in the correlation coefficient for all the correlations of the
northern Palestinian governorates, who have received paragraphs.
advanced training in the field of technical training, in order
to identify the relationship between technical training and The stability coefficient was extracted using the
the future orientation toward digital education in the Cronbach alpha equation, where the total stability was more
Palestinian public schools in the West Bank (provinces). than (0.91), which is a strong stability coefficient, which
North), the researcher built the research tool - the makes the tool suitable for scientific research purposes. It's
questionnaire - based on the relevant literature and previous connected to the results.
studies directly related to the subject, and based on the

 Study Variables:

Table 1 Shows the Distribution of the Sample, According to the Demographic Variables of the Study
Demographic variables Level Repetition Percentage %
Sex Male 13 43
Female 17 57
Age Less than 25 years 2 6,7
25-Less than 35 years old 6 20,0
45-35years old 13 43,3
Older than 45 years 9 30,0
Bachelor 16 53,3
Degree Higher Diploma 2 6،7
Master 12 40,0
Specialization scientific 14 7.46
Literary 16 3.53
Years of service Less than 5 years 7 23,3
5-less than 15 years 9 30,0
15years and above 14 46,7
Total 30 %100

II. RESULTS OF THE STUDY In Order to Interpret the Results, the Following
Approved Arithmetic Averages Were Adopted for the
This study aimed to identify: "Technical training for Response to the Items as Follows:
school teachers and its relationship to future trends towards  (80%) or more is a very large impact score.
digital education in Palestine".  )from 70% - 79.99%) a significant degree of impact.
 (from 60%-69.99%) medium effect.
 Results Related to the Main Question of the Study:  (from 50%-59.99%), the degree of impact is small.
It states the following: What is the relationship  (less than 50%) very low impact score.
between technical training for teachers in Palestinian
schools and future directions toward digital education in
Palestine?

To answer the question, the researcher used the

arithmetic averages for each paragraph and the total score of
the tool for the sample, and Table (2) shows that.

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1118

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 2 Arithmetic Averages and Degree of Impact of Paragraphs and the Total Degree of Technical Training for School Teachers
and its Relationship to Future Trends Towards Digital Education in Palestine.
No. Paragraphs Standard Deviation Average Response Response %
Area I: Technical Training
There is a training plan for teachers on modern
1 0.87 3.87 77.3
technologies to promote digital education.
There are applications that facilitate the training
2 1.43 3.32 62
of teachers on digital education.
There is continuous technical training for
3 teachers according to the modernity of technical 1.33 3.39 67
educational programs.
There are sufficient equipment for technical
4 1.31 3.21 63
training within the school.
Teachers are involved in internal programs to
5 keep pace with the development of modern 1.26 3.14 63.6
technologies in teaching.
Reports are prepared on the efficiency of
6 1.00 3.05 62.2
technical trainings for teachers in schools
The school has technicians specialized in
7 0.84 4.49 88.2
technical educational programs
The number of halls is sufficient to implement
8 0.90 4.40 89.0
technical training in the school
School principals follow up on the results of
9 0.75 4.45 87.5
technical training for teachers
Principals encourage teachers to conduct
10 1.12 3.11 62.5
technical training in schools
The total score of the first 1.08 3.64 72.0
Future Trends Towards Digital Education.
Teachers' teaching load reduces their motivation
11 0.96 3.55 71.1
towards digital education training.
The great effort required to prepare digital
12 educational content reduces teachers' motivation 1.08 3.47 69.3
towards training in digital education.
The lack of obligation for teachers to train from
13 the school leadership reduces their motivation to 0.78 3.14 67.5
use digital education.
The difficulty of applying digital education in
some practical subjects reduces teachers'
14 0.78 3.75 75.3
motivation towards training and digital
education.
The lack of technical applications in Arabic in
15 training reduces teachers' motivation towards 0.87 3.14 60.7
digital education.
Promotes the provision of incentives technical
16 training and orientation towards digital 0.73 3.12 65.8
education
Teachers' lack of conviction in the importance of
17 training reduces motivation to move towards 1.06 3.45 69.1
digital education.
The need for continuous training reduces
18 1.11 3.14 62.7
teachers' motivation towards digital education
Too many students reduce teachers' motivation
19 0.98 3.54 59.5
towards training in digital education in schools.
Lack of training capabilities reduces teachers'
20 0.88 3.25 77.3
orientation towards digital education
The total score of the second field 0.921 3.354 67.82
The overall score of all paragraphs of the tool 1.001 3.494 70.064
* Maximum response score (4) degrees.

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1119

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 First: Results of the First Field: The second hypothesis was also examined using Single
It appears from the previous table (2) that the response Variance Analysis (ANOVA) to extract the significance of
to the eighth paragraph was large and amounted to (89.0), it the differences on the total score of the instrument according
was medium to paragraphs 2-6 and the tenth paragraph and to the variable of scientific qualification at the sample,
it amounted to (2.63), and it was very large to paragraphs Results of Single Variance Analysis (ANOVA) to extract
(7,8,9) and the average response was It was approved by the the significance of differences on the total degree of the
sample (88.8), and the average response was great on all instrument according to the variable of academic
paragraphs of the first field, amounting to (72.0). qualification at the sample.

 Second: Results of the Second Field: Orientation * Statistically D at (≤0.05). shows that there are no
Towards Digital Education: statistically significant differences at the level of
It appears from the previous table (2) that the average significance ((≤ 0.05) on the total degree of the tool
response is large in paragraphs (11, 14, 20), and the average according to the variable of scientific qualification, and
response to it by the sample was between (4, 75), and the therefore the first hypothesis was accepted in the current
response was medium in paragraphs (12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18) study.
The average response to it by the sample ranged between
(65.85). The response was low in paragraph (19) and the  Results Related to the Third Hypothesis:
average response to it was (59.5). The response rate on the The third hypothesis states the following: "There are
total score for all paragraphs of the second field was no statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤
medium and amounted to (67.82%), while the average 0.05) for technical training for school teachers and its
response on all paragraphs was large and amounted to relationship to future trends towards digital education in
70,064. Regarding trends toward digital education, this Palestine, attributed to the variable of years of service To
shows the seriousness of dealing with the issue of digital examine the third hypothesis, the researcher used the
education in Palestinian schools. arithmetic averages of the total score of the tool according to
the variable of years of service. As shown Arithmetic
 Results of the Study Hypotheses: Averages of the Total Score of the Instrument by Years of
Service Variable.
 Results Related to the First Hypothesis:
The first hypothesis states the following: "There are no The third hypothesis was also examined using Single
statistically significant differences at the level (α ≤ 0.05) for Variance Analysis (ANOVA) to extract the significance of
technical training for school teachers and its relationship to differences on the total score of the instrument according to
future trends towards digital education in Palestine, due to the sample years of service variable. Results of Single
the gender variable. Variance Analysis (ANOVA) to extract the significance of
the differences on the total degree of the instrument
To test the first hypothesis, the researcher used the T- according to the variable of years of service at the sample.
test for two independent groups to indicate the differences in
the total score of the tool according to the gender variable. * Statistically shows that there were no statistically
significant differences at the level of significance ((≤ 0.05)
The results of the (t) test for two independent groups on the total score of the tool according to the variable of
indicate differences in the total score of the tool according to years of service. Thus, the third hypothesis was accepted in
the gender variable. the present study. Results related to the fourth hypothesis:
The fourth hypothesis states the following: "There are no
* Statistically D at (≤0.05). It is clear from the statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤ 0.05)
previous that there were no statistically significant for the role of the security institution in preserving cultural
differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) on the total heritage and tourism security is due to the variable of
score of the tool according to the gender variable. Thus, the scientific qualification to examine the fourth hypothesis. As
first hypothesis was accepted for the sample in this study. shown Results of (T) test for two independent groups to
indicate differences in the total score of the instrument
 Results Related to the Second Hypothesis: according to the gender variable
The second hypothesis states the following: "There are
no statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤ * Statistically D at (≤0.05). It is clear from the previous
0.05) attributed to the variable of scientific qualification. To that there are no statistically significant differences at the
examine the hypothesis, the researcher used the arithmetic level of significance (α≤ 0.05) on the total score of the tool
averages of the total score of the tool according to the according to the variable of academic qualification. Thus,
variable of scientific qualification. As shown Arithmetic the fourth hypothesis was accepted for the sample in this
averages of the total score of the instrument according to the study.
variable of academic qualification.

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1120

Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS [7]. Al-Hilali, Al-Sherbiny (2020). "Digital Teaching and
Learning", a speech by Prof. Dr. El-Hilali El-
 The results also showed an average response in Sherbiny El-Hilali. Technology Journal 1(1), 3-9.
paragraphs (2-6), and the lowest response rate was in [8]. Al-Hassan Essam Idris (2006), a study on the
the second paragraph about the existence of applications development of the performance of a university
that facilitate teacher training on digital education, as faculty member in the framework of integration
the response rate reached (62%). between educational, analogue and digital
 The response to the paragraph related to preparing technology. Arar Library.
training efficiency was also moderate, amounting to [9]. Salim, Heba and Salih, Yaman (2020), “Challenges
(62.2%), and the presence of sufficient equipment for of Distance Learning in Light of the Corona
training within the school amounted to (63%). Pandemic: “An-Najah National University as a
 The results showed that weak incentives and work Model”, study, published, Journal of the College of
pressures affect technical training, which in turn is Educational Sciences, An-Najah Virtual University,
reflected in the trend toward digital education. The Nablus-Palestine.
results showed that the lack of technical applications in [10]. Al-Sharif, Hamdi (2021). A proposed vision to
the Arabic language in training reduces teachers' establish an enabling environment for the success and
motivation toward digital education. sustainability of digital transformation in education
in light of Egypt's digital vision. The Educational
RECOMMENDATIONS Journal of the Faculty of Education in Sohag, 91
(91).
 Based on the Previous Results, the Researcher Makes [11]. Ali, Wael Abdullah Muhammad, (2019) Teaching
the Following Recommendations: and learning mathematics in the digital age, (The
 The need to work on developing technical training Arab Foundation for Education, Science and Arts,).
mechanisms within clear methodologies and plans. Dolfi, Tom. (2019): What Is The Future Of
 Taking into account the work pressures of teachers and Education? 23 Experts Share Their Insights,
giving them enough space to benefit from technical https://www.disruptordaily.com/share-your-insights.
training. [12]. Patton Renee & Santos Richard (2018): The next
 The need to follow up on the training of teachers and generatin digitl Learning environment and Aframe
complete the training programs. work for change for educations institutions Cisco
 Supporting training and providing incentives to trainees and/ or its affiliates available at
 The necessity of analyzing training needs in the technical
field and diversifying training programs.

REFERENCES

[1]. Abraham, Michael. 2022. “Data Analysis Course.”

Educational lectures. April 2022.
[2]. Ahmed, Ismail Othman Hassan (2020), Challenges of
digital education in the Arab world: an original
vision, (The Arab Journal of Specific Education.
[3]. Ahmed, Daoud (2018), "Technological Challenges
for Education in the Arab World", a published study,
Journal of the Department of Legal and Political
Research and Studies, Issue (5), Algeria.
[4]. Al-Shammari, Thani Hussein (2019): The Role of
Digital Learning in the Professional Development of
Teachers, Arab Journal of Educational and
Psychological Sciences, National Research Center:
Gaza, Palestine, Issue (7), February, pp. 25-42.
[5]. Al-Sharif, Muhammad (2018), “The extent of
awareness of digital and smart educational
technologies among faculty members in Saudi
universities and their attitudes towards them, Part 37,
P. 179 (Journal of the College of Education, Al-
Azhar University, Egypt).
[6]. Al-Sharif, Huda (2021). The efficiency of physics
teachers' use of smart classrooms in the virtual
environment and its relationship to their digital skills.
Journal of the Faculty of Education (Assiut), 37 (11),
405-464. ISO 690.

IJISRT23MAR1257 www.ijisrt.com 1121