Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Social Capital Influence on the Adoption Rate of

Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Technology in
Aceh Jaya Regency
Vaudhan Fuady Dr. Ir. Indra, M.P., Dr. Ir. Sofyan, M.Agric.Sc.
Student of Agribusiness Masters Program Lecturer of Agribusiness Masters Program
Syiah Kuala University Syiah Kuala University
Banda Aceh, Indonesia Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract:- Acehnese patchouli is regarded as the best patchouli with a planted area of 1,252 ha (Ministry of
quality type of patchouli in Indonesia because it has the Agriculture, 2020). Patchouli production centers in Aceh
highest oil content. Patchouli has the potential to become Province include Gayo Lues Regency, South Aceh, Aceh
a priority in the economic development of Aceh Jaya Jaya, West Aceh, Southeast Aceh, and Great Aceh Regency.
Regency. Social capital is an important factor for
patchouli farmers in adopting new technologies for The potential of patchouli has not been able to ensure
patchouli cultivation and processing. This study aims to the maximum yield of patchouli oil. Patchouli productivity in
analyze the influence of farmer's social capital on the Aceh Jaya Regency is still low compared to the results of
level of adoption of patchouli technology (Pogostemon research on superior patchouli varieties. Whereas the
cablin Benth.) in Aceh Jaya Regency. The research patchouli varieties cultivated are superior patchouli varieties,
method usedin this study was Structural Equation namely the lhokseumawe, tapaktuan and Sidikalang varieties.
Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) Patchouli in Aceh Jaya Regency produces 288 kg/ha of
method approach. The data in this study were analyzed patchouli oil under the lhokseumawe variety 355 kg/ha and
using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The number of the tapaktuan variety 375 kg/ha patchouli oil. This means that
respondentswere 34 patchouli farmers. The results Aceh Jaya's patchouli production capacity is 76.80 percent of
showed that trust has a significant influence on the Tapaktuan variety and 81.13 percent of the lhokseumawe
technology adoption. Social norms, social networks, variety.
however, farmer characteristics have no significant
influence on innovation adoption. To make patchouli a regional superior product and
increase the quantity and quality of patchouli oil, the
Keywords:- Social Capital, Adoption of Technology, government and research institute (ARC Syiah Kuala
Patchouli, SEM PLS. University) collaborated with patchouli farmer groups and
cooperatives in Aceh Jaya Regency. The government makes
I. INTRODUCTION Aceh Jaya Regency a patchouli innovation cluster in Aceh.
One of the innovations is the stainless steel patchouli refining
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is one of the kettle. Stainless steel boilers have been used in the
important essential oil producers. According to Mangun cooperative's distillery. The use of stainless steel kettles is
(2005), in Indonesia there are three types of patchouli namely expected to maintain the quantity and quality of farmers'
Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon oil benth.), Javanese patchouli patchouli oil.
(Pogostemon heyneanus Benth.) and soap patchouli
(Pogostemon hortensis Benth.). Aceh patchouli is the best The process of using innovation requires community
type of patchouli of the three types of patchouli because it participation, especially patchouli farmers. The social capital
has the highest oil content of 2.5 to 5 percent and Patchouli that exists in the community affects the increase in the
Alcohol (PA) is above 30 percent. Nuryani (2006) found that resulting output. Social capital is an important factor for
there were three varieties of patchouli that produced high oil patchouli farmers in adopting new technologies for patchouli
content and PA, namely Lhokseumawe varieties with 3.20% cultivation and processing. Farmers who have high social
oil content and 32.63 PA, Tapaktuan varieties 2.83% and capital seen from the value of trust, social norms, and social
33.30%; and the Sidikalang variety by 2.89% and 32.95%, networks have an influence on increasing yields that are
respectively. beneficial to the community itself (Putnam, 1995).

One of the centers for patchouli oil production is Aceh The social capital approach can examine the values
Province. As a leading commodity, patchouli is cultivated in contained in the farmers and the readiness of patchouli
almost all areas of Aceh. Aceh patchouli varieties are known farmers to accept new innovations. In addition, social capital
as superior varieties, namely the Tapaktuan and Lhoksemawe is able to see problems and how to overcome problems in
varieties. Based on the decisions of the Minister of adopting the use of new technology. Problems in the form of
Agriculture No. 320/Kpts/SR.120/8/2005 and information and lack of understanding of new technologies
321/Kpts/SR.120/8/2005 in August 2005 the Lhoksemawe resulted in farmers not knowing the results of these
and Tapaktuan varieties were designated as national superior technologies. This happens to patchouli farmers in Aceh Jaya
varieties along with the Sidikalang variety from North Regency who have not used new technology to its full
Sumatra. In 2019 Aceh Province produced 354 tons of potential due to lack of information and knowledge.Strong

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Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
social capital for patchouli farmers can encourage the the adoption of patchouli technology in Aceh Jaya Regency.
implementation of new technologies well, fast and Observations were made by observing the respondents and
sustainably. the research place which were documented in the form of
photo documentation. Quantitative data obtained from the
II. LITERATURE REVIEW questionnaire was then analyzed using Structural Equation
Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method
Social capital is a set of shared values or norms among approach. The data in this study were analyzed using
group members that allows for cooperation among group SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the PLS SEM analysis
members (Fukuyama, 1995). The emphasis on social capital data aim to measure the influence of social capital on the
lies in the norms that are shared among the same social adoption of patchouli technology through the values of trust,
groups. Social capital will become stronger if in a society the norms and networks in Aceh Jaya Regency.
norms of mutual assistance and co-operation are coherent
through a network of social institutional relations. Putnam IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
(1995) defines social capital as the relationship between
individuals, social networks, norms of reciprocity, trust, and Social capital in this study is the value of trust, social
facilitated by coordination and cooperation to achieve norms, and social networks owned by every 34 patchouli
common goals. Social capital is not limited to interaction farmers in adopting stainless steel boiler technology in Aceh
relationships that involve certain people's behavioral factors, Jaya Regency. Testing the hypothesis of the influence of
but can also involve individuals in groups that form a social social capital on the adoption of patchouli technology is done
network. The definition of social capital by Putnam (1995) by looking at the t-count value. If the t-count > t-table, then
refers to three components, namely trust, social norms and there is a significant influence. On the other hand, if t-count <
social networks. The role of social capital in society is to t-table, then there is no significant influence of social capital
reduce poverty (Nasution, 2015), improve the welfare of variables on the adoption of patchouli technology. The results
farming households (Putra et al., 2017), increase farm of the significance test of the influence of indicators on the
productivity (Ernanda, 2018) (Kholifa, 2016), facilitate the construct and between constructs in the model are shown in
flow of information (Bulu et al. al., 2009) and adopting new Figure 1.
technologies more quickly and easily (Nato, Shauri and
Kadere, 2016) (Bulu et al., 2009). The hypotheses of this
research are:
H1: Trust has a significant influence on the level of adoption
of patchouli technology (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) in Aceh
Jaya Regency.
H2: Social norms have a significant influence on the level of
adoption of patchouli technology (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
in Aceh Jaya Regency.
H3: Social networks have a significant influence on the level
of adoption of patchouli technology (Pogostemon cablin
Benth.) in Aceh Jaya Regency.
H4: Farmer characteristics have a significant influence on the
level of adoption of patchouli technology (Pogostemon cablin
Benth.) in Aceh Jaya Regency.

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Fig. 1: Model of the significance of the social capital
This research was conducted in Aceh Jaya Regency, influence on the adoption of patchouli technology in Aceh
Aceh Province. Determination of the research location is Jaya Regency
done purposively. The time of the study was carried out in
November – December 2021. The sample in this study were Based on Figure 1, it can be seen that the trust variable
all members of the Aceh Jaya Patchouli Industry directly has a positive and significant influence on
Cooperative. The list of names of cooperative members is technology adoption with a t-count value of 15.967.
obtained from the cooperative management. These names Meanwhile, other exogenous latent variables, namely social
became the basis for researchers to visit and interview norms, social networks and farmer characteristics have no
respondents with the help of research questionnaires. positive and significant influence on the endogenous latent
Respondents were 34 patchouli farmers with details of 10 variables of technology adoption. The t-count value of social
farmers in Panga Sub-district, 15 farmers in Darul Hikmah norms is 0.811, social network is 0.749 and farmer
Sub-district and 9 farmers in Sampoiniet Sub-district. characteristics is 1.090. In addition to showing the significant
Interviews were conducted with a research questionnaire influence between latent variables, the result of the PLS SEM
guide. The questionnaire in the survey consists of several bootstraping model also shows the significance level of the
parts of questions including the respondent's characteristics indicator's influence on each latent variable. The higher the
(age, gender, number of family members and others), the value of the t-count indicator, the higher the influence on the
social capital section, the technology adoption section and an latent variable. The summary of the results of the
open-ended question section for conditions and obstacles to significance test is shown in Table 1.

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Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Hypothesis T Statistic P Values Description
Trust → TechnologyAdoption 15.967 0.000 Significant
Social Norms → Technology Adoption 0.811 0.418 Not significant
Social Networks → Technology Adoption 0.749 0.454 Not significant
Farmer Characteristics → Technology Adoption 1.090 0.276 Not significant
Table 1: Model Significance Test Results

A. The Influence of Trust on Patchouli Technology norm variable has no significant influence on technology
Adoption adoption
The results of the significance test indicate that
hypothesis 1 (H1) is accepted, namely the trust variable has with a t-test result of 0.811 or <1.96. The results of the
a positive and significant influence on the adoption of descriptive analysis also show the same thing, namely the
patchouli technology. This shows that the trust variable has social norm category only a small part is in the high
a significant influence on technology adoption with a t-test category of 8.82%. Most of them are in the low and medium
result of 15.967 or > 1.96. This means that if the trust value categories of 91.18%.
of patchouli farmers increases, it will increase the adoption
of the use of stainless steel boilers. The trust value of 34 Patchouli farmers rely on their own abilities in
respondents patchouli farmers is shown by indicators of determining how to cultivate and refine patchouli. The rules
trust among farmers, trust in the government and trust in and knowledge provided are not necessarily followed as
universities. recommended, for example from the government and
universities. There are patchouli farmers who still use
The indicator of trust variable that has the highest traditional kettles. The compliance of farmers to follow the
influence is trust in the government (X1.4) because the t- recommendations is still relatively small. Therefore, social
count value is the largest (22.043). Trust in higher education norms have no significant influence on the use of stainless
(X1.5) also has a large t-count value of 20.523. Trust among steel kettles. When viewed from the indicators forming the
farmers (X1.1) has a t-count value of 5.560. Therefore, it social norm variable, the influential indicators are the
can be said that the three indicators of the trust variable have willingness to share information (X2.2) with a t-count of
a positive and significant influence on the latent variable of 3.915, compliance with cooperatives (X2.3) with a t-count
trust. of 2.395 and compliance with universities (X2 .5) with a t-
count of 2.804. This indicates that farmers have compliance
The trust of the farmers toward the government is with cooperatives and universities and farmers are also
evident from the programs and assistance from the always willing to share information, especially patchouli oil
government to improve the quality and production of prices with other farmers.
patchouli oil. The government's role and assistance in
supporting farming can increase farmers' trust in the C. The Influence of Social Networks on Patchouli
government (Ernanda, 2018). Trust in universities, in this Technology Adoption
case Syiah Kuala University through ARC, also has a t- The results of the significance test show that hypothesis
count value that is almost as large as the indicator of trust in 3 (H3) is rejected, namely the social network variable has no
the government. Patchouli farmers believe in the knowledge positive and significant influence on the adoption of
and ability of universities to create the latest innovations patchouli technology. This shows that the social network
related to patchouli and patchouli oil. Patchouli farmers' variable has no significant influence on technology adoption
trust in the government and universities has a great influence with a t-test result of 0.749 or <1.96. The social network in
because farmers have benefited from government and this study is formed by indicators of network size (X3.1),
university programs and assistance, especially Syiah Kuala participation in the network (X3.2), ease of obtaining
University and Atsiri Research Center SKU. Trust among assistance (X3.3), relationship with the government (X3.4),
farmers is reflected in the belief that farmers will be assisted relationship with universities (X3. 5).
by other farmers if assistance is needed. Sharing information
about patchouli among farmers is a routine activity, for Farmers' knowledge of patchouli makes farmers rely
example information on the latest patchouli oil price. on each other in overcoming problems related to patchouli
Farmers believe the information provided by their cultivation and refining. The network that is formed is not
colleagues because the sources of information in rural areas based on fixed norms that apply in society and
rely on fellow patchouli farmers. organizations. However, only a network in the daily life of
the community among fellow farmers in the countryside. So
B. The Influence of Social Norms on Patchouli Technology that social networks are not strong and affect the adoption of
Adoption stainless steel patchouli technology. Patchouli farmers only
The results of the significance test indicate that focus on patchouli oil cultivation and processing. Farmers
hypothesis 2 (H2) is rejected, namely the social norm who are busy working on farm land do not have a wide
variable has no positive and significant influence on the network (Ernanda, 2018). Utilization of production
adoption of patchouli technology. This shows that the social equipment, especially distillation boilers, is based on the
reach in the farmer's own area. This condition is also

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Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
supported by facts on the ground that there are no government, universities and fellow farmers, the more
agricultural extension workers.The role of extension farmers adopt the stainless steel patchouli technology in
workers can increase farmers' compliance with Aceh Jaya Regency.
recommendations given by the government and universities
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V. CONCLUSION pp.349–354.

Trust has a significant influence on technology

adoption. The indicator of trust in the government is the
indicator of trust with the most influence, then the indicator
of trust in universities and trust among farmers. Social
norms, social networks and farmer characteristics have no
significant influence on innovation adoption. The indicator
of willingness to share information has the greatest
contribution to social norms. The indicator of participation
in the network contributes the most to the social network.
The farming experience indicator contributes the most to the
characteristics of farmers. The more farmers trust in the

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