Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Analysis of Irrigation Management

Performance in Tanah Laut Regency
Muhammad Galih Saputra
Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia

Abstract:- The management and planning of irrigation Irrigation is an effort to bring in water by making
assets in Tanah Laut Regency is still in the unfavorable buildings and canals to drain water for agricultural purposes,
category in 2020, so it is necessary to recalculate distributing water to rivers or fields in an orderly way, and
irrigation performance in 2022 for strategies to improve disposing of water that is no longer used [2]. Meanwhile,
irrigation performance. The purpose of this study was to based on the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR (2015),
determine irrigation performance factors, performance Irrigation is a way to get water to crops, control it, and get rid
improvement strategies, and institutional management of it. Surface irrigation, swamp irrigation, underground water
system implementation for all strategies. The research irrigation, pump irrigation, and pond irrigation are all types
was conducted by collecting primary, secondary and of irrigation [3].
other supporting data, then taking into account the
performance of the existing irrigation system by Tanah Laut district does not yet have a long-term plan
considering physical facilities and infrastructure, plant or master plan for irrigation. This has resulted in
productivity, supporting facilities, personnel development being disoriented and prone to social conflicts
organizations, documentation and associations of farmers and other technical problems. The construction that has been
using water. Furthermore, the target of distributing implemented does not have a clear plan regarding its
questionnaires to respondents in this study was farmers management and maintenance, so existing buildings and
to irrigation stakeholders, accompanied by interviews canals become neglected and cannot be utilized by farmers
with irrigation experts. Questionnaire data is tabulated and local communities, resulting in budgetary losses and
using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to other non-technical problems. By taking into account the
determine the dominant factor of the institutional model irrigation assets, the condition of the available water, and the
that fits all existing aspects. Based on the results of the participation of farmers who are involved in the irrigation, an
questionnaire, it is known that the dominant factors for assessment is carried out regarding the performance of
irrigation in Tanah Laut Regency consist of planting irrigation managers from the perspective of water users who
productivity, irrigation institutions, staffing are in the field [4]
organizations, physical facilities, P3A, documentation and
supporting facilities. While the irrigation evaluation from Policy stakeholders, irrigation users, and those affected
the field review obtained a value of 53.23% in the bad by irrigation are still operating separately, so there is no
category and needs attention. common vision or mission for irrigation. This has led to
several conflicts related to the authority of each agency, such
Keywords:- Irrigation, Tanah Laut Regency, Questionnaire, as the Public Works Office for Spatial Planning and Land
Stakeholders, and RII Affairs with the Food Crops, Horticulture, and Plantation
Services in the activities of irrigation access roads, farming
I. INTRODUCTION roads, water gates, irrigation canals, and agricultural bridges,
as well as with the Association of Water User Farmers (P3A)
Tanah Laut Regency is one of the regions in South in their secondary and tertiary irrigation networks. Apart
Kalimantan Province which has a very large area of rice from that, conflicts also occurred between the Public Works
fields and plantations, making Tanah Laut Regency one of Office for Spatial Planning and Land Affairs and the
the rice granaries in South Kalimantan Province. Based on Fisheries Service regarding licensing activities for ponds and
data from the Department of Public Works, Spatial Planning fish nurseries [5]. Another conflict involved the Department
and Defense PUPR of Tanah Laut Regency (2019), The area of Public Works and Agriculture when faced with the
of rice fields in Tanah Laut Regency is 56 thousand hectares, activities of entrepreneurs affected by irrigation [6]. In fact,
and the area of irrigated rice fields is 26 thousand hectares, conflicts often occur among irrigation users because the
with an active irrigation area of 111 (one hundred and existing water discharge is not enough to irrigate all rice
eleven) units. This number is the result of a field check of fields at once [7]. The main objective of this study is to
132 (one hundred and thirty-two) irrigation units recorded at examine how irrigation is done in Tanah Laut Regency so
the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing [1]. that later it can produce appropriate irrigation management to
increase its performance [8].

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS knowledge related to the research being studied (purposive
sampling). The number of filled questionnaires was 46 (forty
A. Data collection six) respondents.
Questionnaires were sent to the people who were
supposed to answer them. They included the Regent, Head of B. Respondent Demographic Data
BAPPEDA, Head of PUPR, Head of Agriculture Service, Questionnaires were distributed to 46 respondents. There
Inspectorate, and others from the government, as well as were 40 male respondents (87%) and 6 female respondents
community leaders, the Water User Farmers Association (13% of the total sample). While the age of most respondents
(P3A), academics, and others from non-government groups. was in the range of 41 to 50 years, as many as 15 people
The distribution method is carried out by direct delivery to (32.6%). The gender and age profiles of the respondents are
respondents. The target respondents were chosen by the shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
researchers themselves based on certain backgrounds and

Fig. 1: Gender of Respondents

Fig. 2: Age of Respondents

The education level of the largest respondents was bachelor's degree and senior high school with 18 people each (39%), then
master's degree with 7 people (15%), and education with the lowest number, namely a postgraduate, had 1 person (2%). Figure 3
depicts the respondents' educational profile.

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 3: Education Level Respondents

In comparison, the number of respondents from non-government elements is 24 out of 52. The distribution profile of the
questionnaire is shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 4: Respondent Element

C. Validity test  Reliability Test

A valid instrument means that the measuring instrument A reliability test is a tool for determining the
used to obtain and measure data is valid [9]. Validity means dependability of a questionnaire, which is a variable
that the instrument can be used to measure what should be indicator. A questionnaire is said to be reliable if one's
measured and can reveal data from the variables studied answers to these statements are consistent or stable from time
appropriately. Validity testing can use the formula. to time. The Alpha Cronbach test is used to determine
Spearman’s correlation is as follows: reliability:

(2)
(1)
Where Where r11 is Cronbach's alpha reliability
Where rs is the Spearman correlation coefficient, d12 is coefficient, is the number of question items tested, and
the difference between the two ratings, and n is the number
of respondents who answered the questionnaire (sample is number of item variants, and z is total varian.
size).

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Identification of Irrigation System Performance Factors III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To find out the dominant factors influencing the
performance of irrigation and swamps in Tanah Laut District, A. Validity test
an analysis was carried out using the method of the relative A validity test can be done by comparing the values of r
important index (RII). Ways The Relative Imporant Index count and r table. The size of the r table, which is determined
(RII) examined the factors that were most influential in the by the number of respondents using the formula N-2 = 46 - 2
research object. In addition, this analysis method is processed = 44, is 0.297.
by statistical calculations with the results of the questionnaire
as input, which will be processed into factors that influence B. Reliability Test
the ranking system based on the weight of the value given by The consistency and reliability of the instrument are
the respondent after filling out the questionnaire. intended to reveal the answers to the questions given by the
respondents. The analysis can be seen in Table 1.
 Irrigation System Performance Index
The value of the irrigation performance calculation Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
results for each aspect is then summed up, and the result of 0.917 44
the assessment is the condition index of the irrigation Table 1: Reliability Test
network system. The results of the irrigation system
C. Relative Important Index (RII)
performance index are as follows:
Based on Table 2, you can see the ranking column RII in
80-100 : excellent performance
order from highest to lowest. The dominant factor that has
70-79 : excellent performance
the most influence on the performance of the irrigation
55-69 :Performance is deficient and requires
system of Tanah Laut Regency is planting productivity,
improvement
which ranks first, followed by irrigation institutions,
55 : Poor performance that requires attention
personnel organization factors, physical infrastructure, P3A,
documentation, and supporting facilities [10].

Factor 5. N5 4. N4 3. N3 2. N2 1. N1 Total N A*N RII Rank

Aspects of Physical Infrastructure 880 264 87 10 0 1241 276 1380 0,899 4
Aspects of Planting Productivity 175 40 3 0 0 218 46 230 0,948 1
Aspects of Supporting Facilities 255 276 150 26 1 708 184 920 0,770 7
Organizational Aspects of
275 132 12 0 0 419 92 460 0,911 3
Personnel
Documentation Aspect 210 136 48 0 0 394 92 460 0,857 6
Aspects of Water User Farmers
495 196 99 6 0 796 184 920 0,865 5
Association (P3A)
Aspects of Irrigation Asset
155 40 15 0 0 210 46 230 0,913 2
Management
Table 2: Relative Important Index (RII)

The results of the RII calculation show that respondents procedures. The involvement of all aspects of the organizers
strongly agree that all of the above aspects have an effect on makes the ongoing direction of development less effective
irrigation performance in Tanah Laut Regency, where the and efficient. An understanding of irrigation that is not
value is 0.800. evenly distributed for all stakeholders ultimately really needs
a forum for coordination and determining the right, effective,
Respondents also, based on the results of interviews, and efficient policy direction for Tanah Laut Regency.
believed that the establishment of an irrigation institution in
Tanah Laut Regency would improve the reliability of D. Physical Infrastructure
irrigation in Tanah Laut Regency in the future. Irrigation The buildings in irrigation networks and the buildings that
performance has been declining as a result of massive support them are used to measure the physical infrastructure
construction and improvements in recent years, as well as a of a building. Items and their percentage of assessment can
lack of awareness among users and implementers about their be described as follows:
operational and maintenance activities [11].  The condition of the main building, consisting of weirs,
dams, ponds, and others, has the largest portion of the
Academics from universities and experts from value, namely 29%, with an average value of 6.70 out of
provinces and ministries also agreed to see a tendency for 13.
irrigation policies not to be based on proper standards and

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 The condition of the channel that carries water from the  For operational and maintenance staff, the condition of the
main source or building to the rice fields is in second place, transportation equipment is worth 20%, with an average
namely 22% with an average value of 5.15 out of 10. score of 1.03 out of 2.
 The condition of regulatory buildings in the carrier  The condition of office equipment, such as furniture and
channel, such as dividing, tapping, and tapping buildings, work equipment, in the observer's office accounts for 20%
occupies the third position, namely 20%, with an average with an average score of 1.03 out of 2.
value of 4.64 out of 9.  The condition of communication tools is a means of
 The condition of supporting buildings to facilitate activities communication for operation and maintenance officers,
in the field, consisting of observer offices, official houses, and the maintenance team has a portion of 20% with an
and complete warehouses, is in fourth place, namely 11% average value of 1.03 out of 2.
with an average value of 2.58 out of 5.
 The condition of the exhaust ducts and their regulatory Based on the results of the assessment, the supporting
structures is in fifth place with 9%, and the average value facilities have a bad score of 5.16, or 51.60%, because there
obtained is 2.06 out of 4. is no irrigation system whose supporting facilities are in good
condition.
Based on the results of the assessment, physical
infrastructure has a bad score of 23.19, or 51.53%, with only G. Personnel Organization
4 irrigation systems having good physical infrastructure, or a The rapid development of irrigation has resulted in an
percentage of 3.45%. increased need for field workers for the operation of the main
building and its water gates [12]. Items and their percentage
E. Plant Productivity of assessment can be described as follows:
The success of an irrigation system can be seen in the  The condition for the preparation of the operation and
increase in agricultural yields in the irrigation area and is a maintenance organization, consisting of observers,
determinant of the success of its planning and management. interpreters, sluice officers, weir operational officers, and
Items and their percentage of assessment can be described as canal workers, has a portion of 33.3% with an average
follows: value of 3.70 out of 5.
 Conditions for fulfilling water needs are obtained from the  Personnel conditions, which consist of fulfilling the needs
results of the planning and calculation of the latest of operation and maintenance officers and officers'
discharge. The weight for this assessment is 60%, with an understanding of operations and maintenance in Tanah
average score of 4.54 out of 9. Laut Regency, account for 66.7%, with an average value of
 The realized planting area is the value obtained from the 7.40 out of 10.
percentage of functional area that can be planted 2-3 times
a year. This weight is in second place, namely 26.7%, with Based on the results of the assessment, the personnel
an average value of 2.02 out of 4. organization has a good score of 11.10, or 74.01%, with 115
 The condition of rice planting productivity is the value irrigation systems where the personnel organization is in
obtained from agricultural products, occupying the third good condition, or has a percentage of 99.14%.
position, namely 13.3% with an average value of 1.01 out
H. Documentation
of 2.
The completeness of irrigation data is critical for
Based on the results of the assessment, crop discussion activities, institutions, meeting minimum value of
productivity has a bad value of 7.56 or 50.43%, with only 10 service standards, and determining future irrigation
irrigation systems where crop productivity is in good conditions. Items and their percentage of assessment can be
condition or has a percentage of 8.62%. described as follows:
 The condition of the data book is data and reports on
F. Supporting facilities irrigation areas from the preparation, planning,
Maintenance of irrigation assets is very important to development, rehabilitation, and improvement activities,
maintain irrigation reliability. Operational and maintenance which have a value portion of 40% with an average value
equipment, as well as office equipment, are very important of 1.28 out of 2.
items to support all operation and maintenance activities.  The condition of maps, drawings, and schematics are the
Items and their percentage of assessment can be described as overall search results, which have a value portion of 60%
follows: with an average value of 1.92 out of 3.
 The condition of irrigation network operation and
maintenance equipment, such as routine maintenance Based on the results of the assessment, documentation
equipment, personnel equipment, and heavy equipment for has a low value of 3.22 or 63.90% with only 8 irrigation
maintenance, has the largest portion of value, namely 40%, systems having documentation in good condition or a
with an average value of 2.06 out of 4. percentage of 6.90%.

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
I. Water User Farmers Association (P3A) Based on the results of the assessment, P3A has a bad
Construction of irrigation networks requires water score of 2.99, or 29.61%, with only 5 irrigation systems
regulation for agricultural activities around the network [13]. where P3A is in good condition, or has a percentage of
It is hoped that the role of implementing the distribution of 4.31%.
water for the surrounding rice fields will also be carried out
by farmers in the association of water-using farmer J. Analysis of Irrigation Management of Tanah Laut District
associations (P3A) [14]. Items and their percentage of Based on the results of the assessment of irrigation asset
assessment can be described as follows: management referred to in government regulations PU
 P3A legal status conditions have a portion of 15% with an number 12 of 2015, the value obtained is 53.23% of the
average value of 0.44 out of 1.5. maximum value of 100%, and the condition obtained is
 The condition of P3A's institutional development since its BAD. The Government of Tanah Laut Regency, as the
establishment until now has a portion of 5% with an organizer of irrigation activities under its authority, has also
average value of 0.15 out of 0.5. become the center of attention. In addition to improving and
 The condition of P3A meetings has a portion of 20% with repairing the irrigation system as a whole, it is also important
an average value of 0.59 out of 2. to pay attention to how users and those affected by irrigation
rate an irrigation system that has been set up to affect
 The condition for P3A participation in network tracing
agricultural output in Tanah Laut Regency.
activities has a portion of 10% with an average value of 0.3
out of 1. K. Data analysis
 The condition of P3A participation in network repair Based on the results of network tracing, field
activities has a portion of 20% with an average value of observations, assessment of the latest irrigation performance,
0.59 out of 2. and filling in questionnaires by influential respondents, the
 The condition for P3A participation in the collection of results obtained are in accordance with those described in
contributions for the continuity of P3A has a portion of Table 2.
20% with an average value of 0.59 out of 2.
 The condition of P3A participation in planting patterns and
planning activities has a portion of 10% with an average
value of 0.3 out of 1.

Questionnaire Field Assessment

Factor
RII Rank Assessment (%) Rank
Aspects of Physical Infrastructure 0,899 4 51,53 3
Aspects of Planting Productivity 0,948 1 50,43 6
Aspects of Supporting Facilities 0,770 7 51,62 4
Organizational Aspects of Personnel 0,911 3 74,01 7
Documentation Aspect 0,857 6 63,90 2
Aspects of Water User Farmers Association (P3A) 0,865 5 29,61 1
Aspects of Irrigation Asset 0,913 2 53,23 5
Table 3: Comparison of Questionnaire Results and Field Observations

There are differences in the results of the questionnaire

and direct assessments in the field. This is due to differences L. Strategy and Recommendations for Improving Irrigation
in the views of the Regional Government of Tanah Laut System Performance
Regency and irrigation users, with the Ministry of Public The recommended solution to the problems found in this
Works and Public Housing as the maker of technical research is for the government of Tanah Laut Regency to
guidelines for irrigation evaluation. The results of the prioritize coordination and cooperation and have the same
questionnaire were obtained by the respondents based on the direction in increasing the reliability of irrigation. The
facts seen in the field without going through detailed strategy for improving irrigation performance can be summed
calculations and each respondent's understanding of different up as increasing operation and maintenance officers and
irrigation methods. Meanwhile, performance evaluation is resources in the Water Resources Sector and establishing an
obtained from detailed network tracing by paying attention to irrigation commission institution as a maker of policy
all aspects that affect the performance of irrigation systems directions and strategic plans for irrigation management in
[15]. Tanah Laut Regency. Training and increasing understanding
for all fields, both government and non-government, The
formation of P3A as the spearhead of irrigation commissions
in their respective irrigation areas has made irrigation policy
directions more effective and efficient [16].

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. CONCLUSION 72, 2020, doi: 10.12962/jifam.v2i1.6965.
[3.] Indonesian Government, “Ministerial Regulation
Based on the results of the research and data processing Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing N0. 23
that have been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: of 2015 on Irrigation Asset Management”.
 The irrigation performance of Tanah Laut Regency is in [4.] Jannata, S. haji Abdullah, and A. Priyati,
the poor category with a value of 53.23%. “Performance Analysis of Irrigation Management in
 There are six main causes of poor irrigation system the Lemor Irrigation Area, East Lombok Regency,
performance, which are divided into 23 subfactors.The West Nusa Tenggara ‘Analisa Kinerja Pengelolaan
performance aspect of the irrigation system that is most Irigasi Di Daerah Irigasi Lemor, Kabupaten Lombok
dominant, or the factor that has the most influence on the Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat,’” J. Ilm. Rekayasa
irrigation system, is the factor with an RII value above Pertan. dan Biosist., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 112–121, 2015.
0.800, so that it is considered important or dominant, [5.] S. P. Vimal, N. Sathish Kumar, M. Kasiselvanathan,
namely crop productivity, irrigation institutions, personnel and K. B. Gurumoorthy, “Smart Irrigation System in
organization, physical infrastructure, P3A, and Agriculture,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1917, no. 1,
documentation. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1917/1/012028.
 The results of the evaluation of irrigation performance [6.] M. ARIK and İ. KORKUT, “Irrigatıon in Agriculture
obtained from field observations are as follows: and Automation Based Irrigation Systems (Mini-
 Physical infrastructure has a bad score of 23.19, or Review),” J. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 360–367, 2022,
51.53%, with only 4 irrigation systems whose physical doi: 10.29109/gujsc.1108504.
infrastructure is in good condition or has a percentage of [7.] I. Hari, E. Rahmarestya, and H. Harsono,
3.45% of the total irrigation in Tanah Laut Regency. “Development of IoT Based Smart Irrigation System
 Planting productivity has a bad value of 7.56, or 50.43%, with Programmable Logic Controller,” Int. J. Agric.
with only 10 irrigation systems where crop productivity is Syst., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 27–39, 2021, doi:
in good condition or has a percentage of 8.62% of the 10.20956/ijas.v9i1.
total irrigation in Tanah Laut Regency. [8.] Murtiningrum and S. S. Arif, “Assessment of
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in the absence of an irrigation system whose supporting Impacts on Poverty,” Agritech, vol. 25 (1), pp. 15–23,
facilities are in good condition. 2005.
 Personnel organization has a good value of 11.10 or [9.] Sugiyono, Quantitative Approach Educational
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organization is in good condition or has a percentage of Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif,
99.14% of the total irrigation in Tanah Laut Regency. Kualitatif, dan R&D.” Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014.
 The documentation has a low value of 3.22, or 63.90%, [10.] S. G. Def and F. S. Abc, “Farmers ’ participation in
with only 8 irrigation systems whose documentation is in Water User Association in western Iran,” J. WATER L.
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 P3A has a bad value of 2.99, or 29.61%, with only 5 [11.] F. Djufry, A. W. Rauf, and M. S. Palad, “Effectiveness
irrigation systems where P3A is in good condition or has of Irrigation Methods and Time of Providing Water in
a percentage of 4.31% of the total irrigation in Tanah Laut Maintaining Soil,” AGRIVITA J. Agric. Sci., vol. 43,
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[12.] T. B. Prayogo, S. Wahyuni, and M. Iqbal, “A Study of
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Irrigation Performance Index and Real Cost Value of
Irrigation Operations and Maintenance in Surak
The authors say that putting out this paper does not Irrigation Area,” Civ. Environ. Sci. J., vol. 4, no. 1, pp.
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[13.] H. Van Vu, H. Ho, and Q. H. Le, “Impact of Farmers’
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