Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

AI Mini Research Project on Loss of Natural

Intelligence in Humans due to AI
AKARSH JAIN (20212005)
SWAPNIL NAWANI (20212059)

Abstract:- Experts are still debating the potential  Some AI systems' lack of transparency and explainability
negative effects of AI on natural human intelligence. raises concerns about accountability and human oversight,
Some argue that relying on AI for certain tasks may lead which may contribute to a loss of trust in human
to a decrease in critical thinking and decision-making intelligence and decision-making.
abilities in humans, as well as job and skill loss. There  The use of AI in education raises concerns about its
are also concerns about the potential biases and errors impact on natural human intelligence, including the
that AI systems may introduce, which could perpetuate possibility of limiting creativity and critical thinking
existing inequalities and erode human intelligence. abilities. Because of the rapid pace of technological
Others, however, believe that AI has the potential to advancement in AI, there may be unanticipated
improve human intelligence and augment human consequences on natural human intelligence that we are
capabilities in a variety of fields, including healthcare not yet aware of.
and education. It is critical to carefully consider the  It is critical to consider the potential ethical implications
potential risks and benefits of AI, as well as to devise of AI and its impact on natural human intelligence,
strategies for mitigating any negative effects on natural including the possibility of privacy and human rights
human beings. Ongoing research, regulation, and ethical violations.
considerations are necessary to ensure that AI is  The incorporation of AI into healthcare raises concerns
developed and used in ways that promote human well- about its impact on natural human intelligence,
being and intelligence. particularly the possibility of it replacing human empathy
and emotional intelligence in patient care.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HISTORY OF AI
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has
advanced rapidly and is increasingly being integrated into The history of human-AI interaction can be traced
various aspects of modern life. While artificial intelligence back to the early days of computing in the mid-20th century.
has the potential to provide numerous benefits, such as Chess was one of the first applications of AI, with early
increased efficiency and accuracy in tasks, there are computer programmes designed to compete against human
concerns about the potential negative effects on natural opponents.
human intelligence. Decision-making, problem-solving, and
language processing are all tasks that AI systems are In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue computer famously
designed to perform. As a result, there are concerns that defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov, marking a
humans will become overly reliant on AI, losing important watershed moment in AI development. AI has advanced in
cognitive skills such as critical thinking and decision- areas such as natural language processing, image
making, as well as important social and emotional skills. recognition, and decision-making over the years.
This could have serious societal consequences, such as job
displacement and a widening of the skills gap.In this These advancements have resulted in the development
context, it is important to carefully consider the potential of intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that
risks and benefits of AI and to develop strategies for were previously thought to be the sole domain of human
mitigating any negative impacts on natural human intelligence.
intelligence.
 One of the main concerns about AI is that it has the Some experts believe that AI has the potential to
potential to perpetuate existing biases and inequalities. improve human intelligence and augment human
This has the potential to erode natural human intelligence capabilities, while others are concerned about the potential
while also reinforcing negative stereotypes and negative effects of AI on natural human intelligence, such as
discrimination. job displacement, loss of critical thinking skills, and the
perpetuation of biases and inequalities.
 Another source of concern is the possibility of AI
replacing human workers in certain industries, resulting in As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance and
job displacement and economic inequality. There is also become more integrated into various aspects of modern life,
the possibility that AI systems will be hacked or it is critical to carefully consider the potential risks and
manipulated, resulting in unintended consequences and benefits, as well as to develop responsible approaches to its
negative effects on natural human intelligence. development and use, in order to promote the enhancement
and protection of natural human intelligence.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF AI ON HUMANS B. Weaknesses:
● AI may be lacking in creativity and the ability to think
While AI has the potential to improve human outside the box.
intelligence and capabilities, there are a number of negative ● Humans may become overly reliant on AI, resulting in a
effects of AI on humans that must be considered. Among the decline in natural intelligence.
negative consequences are: ● AI may be limited in its decision-making abilities, and it
● Job displacement: AI has the potential to automate tasks may not always make ethical or moral decisions.
that were previously performed by humans, resulting in ● AI necessitates maintenance and repair, which can be
job displacement and economic inequality. expensive and time-consuming.
● Loss of critical thinking skills: Overreliance on AI can ● Data bias: AI can be biassed by the data on which it is
lead to a loss of critical thinking skills, which are required trained, resulting in incorrect or unfair decision-making.
for making complex decisions and problem solving.
● Bias perpetuation: AI systems have the potential to C. Opportunities:
perpetuate existing biases and inequalities, eroding natural ● AI can improve efficiency and productivity in a variety
human intelligence and reinforcing negative stereotypes of industries, resulting in cost savings and increased
and discrimination. profits.
● AI lacks empathy and emotional intelligence, which are ● New products and services: AI can enable the
required for human-to-human interactions. development of previously impossible new products and
● Concerns about privacy: AI can collect and use personal services.
data in ways that are intrusive and infringe on privacy ● Medical advancements: AI can lead to advancements in
rights. medical research and treatment, improving health
● Cybersecurity risks: AI systems are susceptible to outcomes for patients.
cyberattacks and hacking, which can have unintended ● Improved safety: AI can improve safety in many
consequences and have a negative impact on human industries, such as transportation and manufacturing.
intelligence.
● Artificial intelligence (AI) can limit human creativity and D. Threats:
innovation in creative fields such as music and art. ● Job displacement: Artificial intelligence (AI) may
● Overreliance on technology: Overreliance on AI can result replace human jobs, resulting in unemployment and
in a lack of self-reliance and independence, which can economic disruption.
have a negative impact on human intelligence and well- ● Data breaches and cyber attacks are two examples of
being. privacy and security risks posed by AI.
● Unintended consequences: Because AI systems are ● Concerns about ethics: AI raises ethical concerns about
complex, there may be unintended consequences that have decision-making, bias, and responsibility.
a negative impact on human intelligence and society as a ● Lack of control: As AI becomes more advanced and
whole. autonomous, humans may lose control.
● Ethical concerns: The development and use of AI raise ● AI can be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, in which it is
significant ethical concerns, such as transparency, intentionally manipulated to produce incorrect results.
accountability, and fairness, which require careful
consideration and regulation to ensure that they do not V. RESEARCH GAP
negatively impact human intelligence and well-being. Increase of Human dependence on Artificial
Intelligence
IV. SWOT ANALYSIS OF AI OVER HUMANS
VI. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
A. Strengths:
● Speed and efficiency: AI can process and analyse To assess the performance of AI and Natural
massive amounts of data at a rate far exceeding that of Intelligence
humans.
● Precision and accuracy: AI can perform tasks with high VII. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
accuracy and precision, reducing errors and increasing
productivity.  Research Question: What effect does artificial
● Repetitive tasks: AI can perform repetitive tasks intelligence have on human natural intelligence?
indefinitely without becoming tired or bored. AI can  The research design will be a quantitative study with
learn and adapt to new situations and environments, data collected via a survey questionnaire. The survey
improving its performance over time. questionnaire will be designed to assess respondents'
● Automation: AI can automate previously manual tasks, perceptions of AI and its impact on their natural
freeing up time for more complex or creative work. intelligence.
 Participants: The participants will be adults aged 18 and
up from all over the world. A statistical power analysis
will be used to determine sample size in order to ensure
that the study has enough statistical power to detect
significant differences.

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Data Collection: An online survey questionnaire will be Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The ethics
used to collect data, which will be distributed via email, of artificial intelligence. In Artificial intelligence safety
social media, and online forums. The survey questionnaire and security (pp. 57-69). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
will include questions about the respondents'
demographics.  The essay "Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) Overpower
 Data Analysis: The collected data will be analysed using Human Intelligence (HI)?" by Garg, Punia, and Punia
descriptive statistics to summarise the demographics, (2019). "A Glimpse of Future Business and Education"
experiences, opinions, and perceived level of natural investigates the impact on business and education. They
intelligence of the respondents. Thematic analysis will be also mention the possible downsides of AI, such as job
used to identify common themes and patterns in displacement and the possibility of AI outperforming
qualitative data collected from open-ended questions. human intelligence in certain disciplines. There are
 Ethical Considerations: The study will adhere to the potential concerns, and policies and regulations must be
ethical standards established by the institutional review devised to ensure that AI is developed and used
board (IRB) and will protect the participants' responsibly and ethically.
confidentiality and anonymity. All participants will be
Garg, M., Punia, V., & Punia, B. K. Will Artificial
asked to provide informed consent before being included
Intelligence (AI) Overpower Human Intelligence (HI)? A
in the study.
Peep into Future Business and Education.
VIII. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Spector and Ma's (2019) article "Inquiry and Critical
A. FINAL INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Thinking Skills for the Next Generation." While AI has
Ml the potential to transform many parts of education, the
Reinforcement learning authors suggest that it is also necessary to keep a focus
Deep learning on fostering human intelligence abilities such as critical
Critical Decison making thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork. The essay
Critical thinking underlines the need of cultivating inquiry-based learning
Creativity and critical thinking abilities in the next generation, as
Human safety well as the need to keep an emphasis on growing human
Job displacement intelligence skills alongside the increasing role of AI in
Ethical considerations education.
Control over AI
Spector, J.M., Ma, S. Inquiry and critical thinking
B. FINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE skills for the next generation: from artificial intelligence
Natural Intelligence back to human intelligence. Smart Learn. Environ. 6, 8
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0088-z
C. Literature Review
 The article "Stifling artificial intelligence: Human perils"  The paper "Will Artificial Intelligence Surpass Human
by Gurkaynak, Yilmaz, and Haksever (2016) explores Intelligence?" by Fang, Su, and Xiao (2018) addresses
the potential benefits and risks associated with the the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to surpass
development and widespread use of artificial intelligence human intelligence in the future. The authors then
(AI). While AI has the potential to transform many examine the possibility of AI continuing to progress and
industries and make our lives easier, it also poses serious possibly surpassing human intellect in other areas, such
hazards to human safety, privacy, and autonomy. The as decision-making and creativity. While super
authors cite various concerns linked with AI, including intelligent AI has the potential to provide enormous
employment displacement, bias and discrimination, and benefits, such as enhanced decision-making and the
the possibility for AI systems to be manipulated for ability to tackle complicated issues, it also has the
malicious reasons. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential to pose major risks, such as AI acting against
importance of careful assessment and regulation of AI as human interests or making judgments that are difficult to
it continues to grow. understand or manage.

Gurkaynak, G., Yilmaz, I., & Haksever, G. Fang, J., Su, H., & Xiao, Y. (2018). Will Artificial
(2016). Stifling artificial intelligence: Human perils. Intelligence Surpass Human Intelligence?. Available at
Computer Law & Security Review, 32(5), 749-758. SSRN 3173876.

 Bostrom and Yudkowsky's (2018) chapter "The Ethics of  The authors claim that, while AI has made great progress
Artificial Intelligence" delves into the ethical in recent years, it still falls short in many areas, such as
considerations surrounding AI, such as how to ensure creativity, emotional intelligence, and adaptability, when
that AI systems are aligned with human values, how to compared to human intelligence. BI has the ability to
avoid unintended consequences, and how to ensure that supplement and enhance AI in order to create more
AI is developed and used responsibly, emphasizing the human-like intelligent systems.
importance of transparency and accountability in AI
development. Constraints include the brain's complexity and the
necessity for interdisciplinary teamwork Lu, H., Li, Y.,

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Chen, M., Kim, H., & Serikawa, S. (2018). Brain Carlsmith, J. (2022). Is Power-Seeking AI an
intelligence: go beyond artificial intelligence. Mobile Existential Risk?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.13353.
Networks and Applications, 23, 368-375.
 It is critical to put human needs and preferences at the
 The essay "The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to forefront of AI development and implementation. The
Security and the Future of Work" by Osoba and Welser study discusses the ethical challenges associated with the
(2017) analyzes the potential concerns in the fields of development and deployment of AI systems, such as
security and the future of work. Possibility of harmful bias, privacy, and transparency.Vishwarupe, V.,
usage by state and non-state entities, as well as job Maheshwari, S., Deshmukh, A., Mhaisalkar, S., Joshi, P.
displacement and economic disruption. The authors M., & Mathias, N. (2022). Bringing Humans at the
emphasize the significance of creating risk-management Epicenter of Artificial Intelligence: A Confluence of AI,
measures for AI, such as initiatives to encourage HCI and Human Centered Computing. Procedia
transparency, accountability, and responsible usage of AI Computer Science, 204, 914-921.
technologies.  Grace et al. (2018) provide the findings of an AI expert
poll to forecast when artificial intelligence systems will
 Osoba, O.A., & Welser, W. (2017). The Risks of outperform humans in certain tasks. The authors hope to
Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of bridge the gap between public perception of AI and
Work. Perspective, RAND Corporation: PE-237-RC. expert viewpoints in the subject. The findings indicate
DOI: 10.7249/PE237 that experts predict AI systems will exceed humans in all
of these categories within the next several decades, with
 The essay "Inquiry and Critical Thinking Skills for the speech recognition being the first area where AI will
Next Generation: From Artificial Intelligence Back to outperform humans.
Human Intelligence" by Spector and Ma (2019)
highlights the relevance of inquiry and critical thinking Grace, K., Salvatier, J., Dafoe, A., Zhang, B., &
skills. According to the authors, these abilities are critical Evans, O. (2018). When will AI exceed human
for establishing a thorough understanding of AI performance? Evidence from AI experts. Journal of
technologies and their potential impact, as well as Artificial Intelligence Research, 62, 729-754.
supporting ethical AI use and development.
 During the game, the AI system employed a
The importance of inquiry and critical thinking reinforcement learning method to learn from its
abilities in preparing the next generation for the successes and mistakes. According to the authors, this
challenges and opportunities given by AI is discussed in study shows that AI has the ability to outperform humans
this article. in difficult decision-making tasks, which has crucial
implications for future improvements in AI technology
Humans and AI must collaborate to develop techniques and applications. They also emphasize the importance of
for encouraging inquiry and critical thinking abilities in ongoing research and debate on the ethical consequences
the context of AI, as well as addressing the ethical and of AI surpassing human skills in numerous sectors.
societal consequences of these technologies.
Blair, A., & Saffidine, A. (2019). AI surpasses
Spector, J. M., & Ma, S. (2019). Inquiry and humans at six-player poker. Science, 365(6456), 864-
critical thinking skills for the next generation: from 865.
artificial intelligence back to human intelligence. Smart
Learning Environments, 6(1), 1-11.  The authors examined the performance of humans and
AI agents on a cognitive test battery that comprised
 Using artificial intelligence to "hack" human decision- activities such as analogical reasoning, logical reasoning,
making and behavior. The book delves into numerous and visual perception, among others. The study
scenarios in which artificial intelligence (AI) could be discovered that the AI agents performed significantly
used to "hack" human decision-making, such as targeted better than the human participants.
advertising, social media manipulation, and other forms
of psychological manipulation. Insa-Cabrera, J., Dowe, D. L., Espana-Cubillo, S.,
Hernández-Lloreda, M. V., & Hernández-Orallo, J.
Lexcellent, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Versus (2011). Comparing humans and AI agents. In Artificial
Human Intelligence: Are Humans Going to Be Hacked?. General Intelligence: 4th International Conference, AGI
Springer. 2011, Mountain View, CA, USA, August 3-6, 2011.
Proceedings 4 (pp. 122-132). Springer Berlin
 Carlsmith's (2022) work, "Is Power-Seeking AI an Heidelberg.
Existential Risk?" addresses the idea that artificially  Jeff Heaton's book "Artificial Intelligence for Humans,
intelligent systems with a power-seeking goal may Volume 3: Deep Learning and Neural Networks"
represent an existential threat to humanity. AI poses a introduces deep learning and neural networks with a
greater threat to humanity than other forms of AI. focus on practical applications. The author discusses
deep learning principles and approaches such as
feedforward neural networks, convolutional neural

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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networks, and recurrent neural networks. Unsupervised to ensure that AI is in line with human values and used to
learning, reinforcement learning, and natural language benefit society. They conclude that while AI has the
processing are also covered in the book. potential to be a transformative technology, careful
consideration and prudent development are required to
Heaton, J. (2015). Artificial intelligence for maximize its benefits while minimizing its risks.
humans, volume 3: Deep learning and neural networks. Nowak, A., Lukowicz, P., & Horodecki, P. (2018).
by Heaton Research, Inc.. Assessing artificial intelligence for humanity: Will AI be
the our biggest ever advance? Or the biggest threat
 Potential risks include job loss, privacy problems, and [Opinion]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine,
the prospect of AI systems having goals that are 37(4), 26-34
incompatible with human values. They argue that a
human-centered approach to AI development is required

IX. DATA ANALYSIS

SAMPLE SIZE - 80 RESPONSES

AGE GROUP OF SAMPLE - 20 TO 65 YEARS

Fig. 1: AI has a negative impact on natural intelligence of Humans

Fig. 2: Dependent are you on AI in personal or professional life

Fig. 3: AI can affect cognitive function in humans

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Fig. 4: AI can affect creativity in humans

Fig. 5: AI can affect thinking in humans

Fig. 6: Critical thinking skills in your personal or professional life

Fig. 7: Human safety in the development and use of AI

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Fig. 8: AI will replace your job

Fig. 9: Ethics are important for AI

Fig. 10: Deep Learning and Machine learning can help to solve AL problems

Fig. 11: Humans should have control over AI

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Fig. 12: Makes better decisions: Humans or AI

Fig. 13: AI and Humans can work together

X. FUTURE STUDY REFERENCES

We need to explore the areas where AI can’t [1.] Gurkaynak, G., Yilmaz, I., & Haksever, G. (2016).
overpower humans and natural intelligence is above Stifling artificial intelligence: Human perils.
artificial intelligence. Computer Law & Security Review, 32(5), 749-758.
[2.] Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The ethics of
XI. CONCLUSION artificial intelligence. In Artificial intelligence safety
and security (pp. 57-69). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
While AI is capable of performing certain tasks more [3.] Garg, M., Punia, V., & Punia, B. K. Will Artificial
efficiently than humans, such as data processing and Intelligence (AI) Overpower Human Intelligence
analysis, human intelligence remains superior in many areas. (HI)? A Peep into Future Business and Education.
Humans, for example, have emotional intelligence and [4.] Spector, J.M., Ma, S. Inquiry and critical thinking
creativity that are currently beyond the capabilities of AI. skills for the next generation: from artificial
Furthermore, AI technology development is not a zero-sum intelligence back to human intelligence. Smart Learn.
game in which AI gains must necessarily come at the Environ. 6, 8 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-
expense of human intelligence. Rather, the two can coexist 019-0088-z
and complement each other, with AI performing tasks better [5.] Fang, J., Su, H., & Xiao, Y. (2018). Will Artificial
suited to machines and humans concentrating on areas Intelligence Surpass Human Intelligence?. Available
where our unique abilities are most valuable. Overall, the at SSRN 3173876.
advancement of AI is unlikely to result in a loss of natural [6.] Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H., & Serikawa, S.
intelligence in humans. Instead, we should focus on (2018). Brain intelligence: go beyond artificial
harnessing the potential of AI to augment our own abilities intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23,
and create a better future for all. 368-375.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
[7.] Osoba, O.A., & Welser, W. (2017). The Risks of
Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of
Work. Perspective, RAND Corporation: PE-237-RC.
DOI: 10.7249/PE237
[8.] Spector, J. M., & Ma, S. (2019). Inquiry and critical
thinking skills for the next generation: from artificial
intelligence back to human intelligence. Smart
Learning Environments, 6(1), 1-11.
[9.] Lexcellent, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Versus
Human Intelligence: Are Humans Going to Be
Hacked?. Springer.
[10.] Carlsmith, J. (2022). Is Power-Seeking AI an
Existential Risk?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.13353.
[11.] Vishwarupe, V., Maheshwari, S., Deshmukh, A.,
Mhaisalkar, S., Joshi, P. M., & Mathias, N. (2022).
Bringing Humans at the Epicenter of Artificial
Intelligence: A Confluence of AI, HCI and Human
Centered Computing. Procedia Computer Science,
204, 914-921.
[12.] Grace, K., Salvatier, J., Dafoe, A., Zhang, B., &
Evans, O. (2018). When will AI exceed human
performance? Evidence from AI experts. Journal of
Artificial Intelligence Research, 62, 729-754.
[13.] Blair, A., & Saffidine, A. (2019). AI surpasses
humans at six-player poker. Science, 365(6456), 864-
865.
[14.] Insa-Cabrera, J., Dowe, D. L., Espana-Cubillo, S.,
Hernández-Lloreda, M. V., & Hernández-Orallo, J.
(2011). Comparing humans and AI agents. In
Artificial General Intelligence: 4th International
Conference, AGI 2011, Mountain View, CA, USA,
August 3-6, 2011. Proceedings 4 (pp. 122-132).
Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
[15.] Heaton, J. (2015). Artificial intelligence for humans,
volume 3: Deep learning and neural networks. by
Heaton Research, Inc..
[16.] Nowak, A., Lukowicz, P., & Horodecki, P. (2018).
Assessing artificial intelligence for humanity: Will AI
be the our biggest ever advance? Or the biggest threat
[Opinion]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine,
37(4), 26-34.

ANNEXURE

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