An Energy Efficient Optimal Path Selection Using AODV Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Oxidation of Hydroxyzine with Potassium

Permanganate: A Kinetic Study
Syed Yousuf Hussain
Department of Chemistry, Kohinoor Arts,
Commerce & Science College Khuldabad, Dist. Aurangabad 431101
Abstract:- Hydroxyzine a pharmaceutical used as recorded. The graph of absorbance versus the mole ratio is
antihistamine is oxidized with potassium permanganate plotted to know the stoichiometry of the reaction. The
to study its kinetics at various temperatures. The rate of obtained stoichiometric equation is as follows;
reaction was observed is first order with respect to
substrate and oxidant whereas it is independent on acid 10C21H27ClN2O2 + 4KMnO4 + 6H2SO4 → 10C21H27ClN2O3
medium. There is no effect of salt on the rate of reaction + 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 6H2O
and no polymerization initiated during the reaction. The
final product obtained is identified as hydroxyzine N- The reaction product is identified by reacting desired
oxide. The suitable mechanism is proposed and rate law quantity of the hydroxyzine, potassium permanganate and
is derived. sulphuric acid and kept the reaction mixture for two days for
completion of the reaction. One of the product is extracted
Keywords:- Oxidation, Mechanism, Hydroxyzine, Kinetics, with ether, the organic layer obtained was separated and
Acid. treated with sodium bicarbonate and washed with distilled
water. The ether layer was evaporated and dried to get
I. INTRODUCTION product. The product obtained is Hydroxyzine N-oxide. It is
confirmed by spot tests [4].
Antihistamines are the drugs used to treat allergic
conditions such as itches, hay fever, etc. These chemicals are III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
used to treat excess of histamines produced in the body.
Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine working as a blocking agent A. Effect of concentration of substrate
for histamine produced excessively in the body. Present study Pseudo-first order kinetics is followed for observing the
deals with the kinetic study of oxidation of hydroxyzine and effect of different parameters on the rate of reaction. The
its mechanistic aspects. The oxidizing agent used is pseudo-first order rate constants were determined with
potassium permanganate. It is a strong oxidizing agent used various initial concentrations of the hydroxyzine whereas
for oxidation of various organic compounds in acid medium. keeping other conditions constant i.e. concentration of
The potassium permanganate is used extensively for potassium permanganate solution, concentration of sulphuric
oxidation reaction. It does not produce toxic substances after acid solution, temperature, etc. The kobs calculated from the
completion of the reaction. Potassium permanganate is used graph of logobs versus time. The rate constant is found to be
by many workers for oxidation of various organic compounds increasing with the increase in the concentration of
e.g. ciprofloxacin [1], L-tryptophan [2], naphthalene [3], etc. hydroxyzine. This can be treated as first order kinetics [5].
but no one has studied kinetic study of oxidation of
hydroxyzine with potassium permanganate. B. Effect of concentration of oxidant
The pseudo-first order rate constants were determined
II. MATERIALS & METHODS with various initial concentrations of the potassium
permanganate solution whereas keeping other conditions
All the chemicals used for the study were of analytical constant i.e. concentration of hydroxyzine solution,
grade and used without any purification. Doubly distilled concentration of sulphuric acid solution, temperature, etc.
water is used throughout the course of reactions for The result is obtained from the graph of kobs versus time. The
preparation of solutions. For kinetic study the reaction is run kobs rate constant is found to be increasing with the increase
with excess potassium permanganate solution compared to in the concentration of potassium permanganate indicating
hydroxyzine in the presence of sulphuric acid solution. The first order dependence of the rate of the reaction.
reaction is monitored spectrophtometrically by estimating
unreacted potassium permanganate with regular intervals at C. Effect of H+ concentration
540 nm. The pseudo-first order rate constants were determined
with various initial concentrations of the sulphuric acid
A. Stoichiometry solution whereas keeping other conditions constant i.e.
For stoichiometric studies solutions of different concentration of hydroxyzine solution, concentration of
concentrations of hydroxyzine and same concentration of potassium permanganate solution, temperature, etc. The
potassium permanganate and sulphuric acid were reacted and result is obtained from the graph of lobabs versus time. The
kept the reaction mixture for about five hours. After kobs rate constant does have much impact indicating rate of
completion of reaction absorbance of the solutions were the reaction is not depending on the concentration of H+.
IJISRT22JUN349 www.ijisrt.com 201

Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Effect of temperature The overall rate is the rate of formation of HYD→O
The oxidation of hydroxyzine was carried out at
different temperatures from 303K to 323K whereas the d[HYD→O] k1 k2
concentration of the hydroxyzine, potassium permanganate Rate = --------------- = k2 [Inter] = ------[HYD] [PP]
and sulphuric acid were kept constant. The result shows the dt k-1 + k2
rate of the reaction increases with rise in temperature
indicating first order dependence on temperature. From the Since k-1 is much smaller than k2, k-1<< k2 neglecting k-
linear Arrhenius plots of logkobs versus 1/T activation 1in the above equation, rate equation is reduced to
parameters were calculated. The Arrhenius activation energy Rate = k1[HYD] [PP]
values calculated as 23.6kJ/mole. The other thermodynamic
parameters are H= -13kJ/mole & S = -32 J/Kmole and IV. CONCLUSION
_G = -1.2 kJ/mole.
The kinetics of oxidation of hydroxyzine with
E. Effect of salt potassium dichromate in acid medium was studied. The
To study the effect of salts on the rate of reaction NaCl, reaction undergoes to give an intermediate which on
KCl, KBr, MgCl2 these salts were added in the reaction decomposition in the rate determining step gives the oxidized
mixture keeping all other conditions constant at 298K product. The proposed mechanism and rate law is suggested
temperature. There is no effect of addition of salt observed on for the reaction. The reaction is found to be first order with
the rate of reaction indicating no interaction of charged respect to substrate i.e. hydroxyzine and potassium
species during the reaction. permanganate whereas it is independent on the concentration
of acid. There is no effect on the rate of reaction of addition
F. Free radical test of salt showing no interaction of charged species during the
Acrylonitrile is used to test the presence of reaction [7].
polymerization. It is added to the solution of substrate,
oxidant and acid in proper proportion. There is no initiation ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
of polymerization indicating there are no free radicals formed
during the reaction [6]. The author is thankful to Principal Kohinoor Arts,
Commerce & Science College Khuldabad, Dist Aurangabad
G. Proposed Mechanism of the reaction for giving permission to carryout research work in the
laboratory.
10C21H27ClN2O2 + 4KMnO4 + 6H2SO4 → 10C21H27ClN2O3
+ 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 6H2O REFERENCES
C21H27ClN2O2 + MnO4- + H+ → C21H27ClN2O2 –O-MnO3- [1]. Ankita Jain. (2015). Kinetics and mechanism of
H+ (1) Intermediate permanganate oxidation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous
C21H27ClN2O2 –O-MnO3-H+ → C21H27ClN2O3 + H2O + sulphuric acid medium, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. & Drug Res.
Mn+2 (2) 7 (2): 205-210.
[2]. Idongesit B. et al. (2012). Kinetics and mechanistic
The rate equation can be proposed on the basis of the results approach to the oxidation of L-tryptophan by
obtained as permanganate ion in aqueous acidic medium, Pelagia
d d Research Library,3 (6): 3401-3409.
- ---- [MnO4- ] = - ---- [Mn+2] = k2 [Inter] [3]. Anweting et al. (2012). Kinetics and mechanism of
dt dt oxidation of nicotinic acid by potassium permanganate
in aqueous acidic medium. Scholars Research Library,
k1 k2 4 (4): 1628-1635.
HYD + PP ⇆ Inter → HYD→O [4]. F. Feigl, Spot tests in organic analysis, Elsevier, New
k-1 York, NY, USA, 1957.
[5]. Joseph; Basheer K.M, Radhakrishnan Nair T.D.,
d d “Effects of substituent on the kinetics of the oxidation
- ---- [MnO4- ] = - ---- [Mn+2] = k2 [Inter] of benzyl chloride using acid dichromate, Asian J.
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[6]. Vogel, Al, Text book of practical organic chemistry,
We can apply steady state approximation to Inter Longman , London, 1967.
d[Inter] [7]. Laidler K.J. Chemical Kinetic, McGraw Hill New Hill,
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dt [Inter]– k2 [Inter] .
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[Inter] = ----------- [HYD] [PP]
k-1 + k2
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Volume 7, Issue 6, June – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Oxidation of Hydroxyzine with Potassium

IJISRT22JUN349 www.ijisrt.com 201

IJISRT22JUN349 www.ijisrt.com 202

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