Knowledge and Awareness of Bi Dimensional 2 Dimensional Dual Dimensional Orthodontic Archwires Amongst Dentists - A Questionnaire Study

Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Knowledge and Awareness of Bi Dimensional/ 2

Dimensional / Dual Dimensional Orthodontic
Archwires amongst Dentists- A Questionnaire Study
1 2 3
Sharath Kumar Shetty- Haneesh Kiran P T- Mahesh Kumar Y-
Professor & HOD Post Graduate Student Professor
Department of Orthodontics & Department of Orthodontics & Department of Orthodontics &
Dentofacial Orthopaedics Dentofacial Orthopaedics Dentofacial Orthopaedics
K.V.G Dental College & Hospital, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital,
Sullia , Karnataka, India Sullia , Karnataka, India Sullia , Karnataka, India
Abstract:- The perfect control of tooth movement wire contact force.4 Space closure is one of the most
requires the application of a system of specific forces challenging processes in Orthodontics. Tooth extraction,
appropriately supported by accessories such as molar distalization, expansion of dental arches, interproximal
orthodontic archwires. The mechanical basis of reduction, among other things, have been part of the
orthodontic treatment consists of the assumption that orthodontic armamentarium to correct malocclusion and
accumulated elastic energy can be transformed into allow dental space gain with which the orthodontist should
mechanical work by the movement of teeth. During the deal. The ability to close spaces, especially those resulting
overjet reduction a distally directed force retracts from tooth extraction, is an essential skill required during
anterior teeth by sliding an archwire through brackets orthodontic treatment. Space closure mechanics without
and tubes in the buccal segments. Significant resistance to knowledge can result in failure to achieve an ideal occlusion.
movement may arise due to frictional forces generated. Current knowledge in biomechanics, allied with the
Round wires slide well, but the torque control is a development of new material and techniques, made
significant problem. Rectangular wires produce effective significant upgrading possible in space closure, which has
torque expression but pose a challenge to free sliding due simplified mechanics.5 Studies on friction reveal that the
to factors like friction and force used to overcome friction, effective force must increase two folds to overcome the
etc. To utilize the properties of both wires, the wire should frictional resistance, resulting in a hazardous overload of the
be bi-dimensional. Dual-dimensional wire is one such wire anchorage units. To reduce friction clinically, some
with different dimensions in the anterior and posterior practitioners prefer the round wires, or they reduce the
sections. Henceforth the primary aim of this study was to rectangular wires in the buccal segments to a more rounded
evaluate by a questionnaire about the knowledge and cross-section to minimize binding. it would be ideal to have
awareness of Bi dimensional archwires among the dentists the characteristics of both rectangular and round wires in an
archwire. Dual dimensional wires do not require any
I. INTRODUCTION manipulation, such as twisting or welding, to produce a bi-
dimensional effect.
Archwires are designed to move the teeth with light and
continuous forces. Such forces may reduce the potential for II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
patient discomfort, tissue hyalinization and undermining
resorption.1 The present study was a cross- sectional questionnaire-
based survey conducted among BDS graduates, post
It is important that frictional forces should be eliminated graduates and orthodontists from December 2020 to January
or minimized when orthodontic tooth movement is being 2021.
planned. Mesiodistal tooth movement can be accomplished
by free body movement or by guidance of a tooth along an A 12 -item questionnaire was included in the study to
arch wire.2 Friction is the resistance to motion when one evaluate the knowledge of utilization of 2 dimensional
object moves tangentially against another. For one object to archwires in regular practice for increased compliance and
slide against the other, the force application must overcome easier retraction. The questionnaire was in English language
the frictional force; higher frictional resistance requires and open ended and self-administered. The Ethical approval
greater orthodontic forces.3 The presence of friction in many was obtained from the Ethical committee KVG dental college
fixed orthodontic appliance is undeniable and is recognized Sullia, Dakshina Kannada. Soft copy of questionnaire was
by the clinician. In the presence of appliance friction, tooth delivered through Whatsapp and Whatsapp groups to
movement apparently occurs as a sequence of very short steps maximum possible number of orthodontists, BDS graduates
or jumps rather than as a smooth, continuous motion. including PG residents. A total of 283 responses were
Resistance to displacement will be substantially influenced included in the study.
by the normal (perpendicular) component of the bracket-to-
IJISRT22NOV207 www.ijisrt.com 253

ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Sample size calculation: 9. Do you think we can modify the conventional rectangular
wire into a 2dimensional wire?
Using the formula, a. Yes
n= (Z1-α/2)2 (SD)2 / (d)2 b. No
where, 10. What are the reasons for not using 2 Dimensional wires
SD = Standard Deviation- 0.42 on a regular basis?
a. Anchorage Loss
Z1-α/2 = 1.96 AT 95% confidence interval b. Increased Expenditures
d = Absolute error or precision- 0.05, c. Increased duration of treatment
Substituting the values we get d. Lack of awareness and availability
n = 283
11. Does the usage of 2 dimensional wires affect the treatment
Following were the components of the questionnaire duration
a. Increases
1. Your designation b. Decreases
a. MDS Orthodontics c. Doesn’t affect the treatment duration
b. MDS any other branch
c. PG student Orthodontics 12. Do u think 2 dimensional wires should be used on a
d. PG student any other branch regular basis in orthodontic practice?
e. BDS a. Yes
b. No
2. Years of practice
a. 0-5 III. RESULTS
b. 5-10
c. 10 and above Out of the 283 responses obtained, 142 were Post
Graduates in orthodontics, 67 were BDS graduates and 27 of
3. Have you ever heard of two dimensional wires them were PG students in other branches and 47 were MDS
a. Yes Graduates in other branches. In terms with the years of
b. No practice, 172 of them had an experience of 0-5 years, 69 of
them had an experience of 5-10 years and 42 of them had an
4. Have you ever used a 2 dimensional wire? experience of 10 years or more. 230 of the responders had
a. Yes never heard about this class of wires whereas 271 of them had
b. No never used it before. When asked about which stage the wire
was used in fixed mechanotherapy, 142 of the responders
5. Which stage in a fixed mechanotherapy do we use Bi thought they could use it for levelling and alignment, 51 of
dimensional arch wires? them considered that it could to be used for the phase of
a. Levelling and alignment retraction whereas 90 of them thought they might be used for
b. Retraction finishing and settling. 51 of the dentists thought it would be
c. Finishing and settling more effective than conventional whereas 59 of them thought
it wouldn’t.
6. Do you think they are more effective than conventional
rectangular wires? When asked about the reason for the efficiency of the
a. Yes dual dimension wires, 80 of them answered that it was
b. No because of the manufacturing process, 85 of them thought it’s
because of the methodology of usage, 71 of them thought it’s
7. What are the types of 2D wires that u know of because of the decreased friction between the archwire and
a. 0.021*0.021*018 Stainless steel the bracket slot and 47 of them believed it to be because if the
b. 0.022*018 anterior segment 0.018*022 posterior segment physical constituents. 64 of them thought that we could
- Stainless steel modify the regular stainless steel archwire into a bi
c. 0.021*0.021*018 Ni Ti dimensional wire whereas 66 of them believed we couldn’t
d. 0.021*018 anterior segment 0.018 posterior segment - do that. When asked about the minimal usage of the dual
Stainless steel dimensional wires in regular practice, 85 of them thought it is
because of the loss of anchorage, 72 of them thought it’s
8. What do you think is the reason for the efficiency of 2D because of increased expenditure, 50 of them answered that
wires? it’s because of increased duration of treatment and 76 of them
a. Manufacturing process involved responded by assuming that it is because of the lack of
b. Method of usage in the clinic awareness. When asked whether bi dimensional wires must
c. Reduced friction between bracket slot and archwire be used in regular practice, 67 of them thought they should be
d. Physical properties of constituents used and 52 of them thought it cannot be. 132 of them thought it

ISSN No:-2456-2165
might increase the duration of treatment and 85 of them REFERENCES
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Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Knowledge and Awareness of Bi Dimensional/ 2

IJISRT22NOV207 www.ijisrt.com 253

IJISRT22NOV207 www.ijisrt.com 254

IJISRT22NOV207 www.ijisrt.com 255

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