Volume 6, Issue 8, August – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Modeling and Simulation of 1.5MW Wind Turbine

1 2
Gulfshan Sumit Kumar Gupta
Department of EEE, IFTMU Assistant professor IFTMU
Moradabad, India Moradabad, India

Abstract:- In this paper we are going to design the wind  To reduce the fatigue load of the turbine mechanical
turbine with the help of MATLAB software. The design component. Actions of the control system have a major
of wind energy and stimulation with the help of impact on the load experienced by the turbine.
MATLAB is getting very easy as compare to physical. In
this we analyze the type of equipment used in this project II. PITCH ANGLE WIND TURBINE MODEL
for better output and getting high efficiency.
In a pitch angle control in wind turbine the controller
Keyword:- Wind Turbine, Controller, Pitch Angle, Actuator, of turbine checks the output of the time many times per
Power. second. When the power output cross their threshold value
master controller send a actuating signal to the blade pitch
I. INTRODUCTION controller after receiving the control signal controller
quickly turns the rotor blade slightly out of the wind. On
Wind energy is fastest growing demand in the world other side blades are turned back on their place when the
for the less costing wind energy, by optimizing the wind speed of wind goes slow again. The relationship between
turbine component has been gaining the attaint ion for its electrical and mechanical power is shown in power curve.
improvement in design and its efficiency especially early Hydraulic mechanism is used in pitch control.
stage of the designing. At various steps of the process,
presenters isolate different systems for testing, and then The turbine have two type of speed first one is cut in
integrate those changes into the on the whole system to speed, cut in speed is the speed at which our wind turbine
calculate the impact on system presentation. In this scenario start to move usually cut in speed is 3-5m/s. below the cut in
wind energy is fastest growing energy type due to its cost speed turbine fails to move. Second is cut out speed, it is the
effective and easily aviability and most important pollution speed at which wind turbine is getting stopped due to avoid
free energy conversion type. In wind energy design the damages because of high speed of wind 25 and above m/s is
turbine by means of our requirement i.e. the power output cut out speed.
the speed of wind on that particular area where we want to
install the plant and many more. We are discuss all the thing
which is important in the designing of turbine. Most
important goal when we design the turbine is accurate
determination of structural dynamic and control which is
directly related to the exhaustion life and cost of energy
production. When we talk about the designing of wind
turbine we focused on the control strategies. Here two type
of control strategies for Pitch variable speed turbine. In low
wind speed below a rated value the speed controller can
frequently adjust the speed of the rotor to sustain the speed
at a required level which gives the maximum power
coefficient and then the efficiency of the wind turbine will
be improved. Pitch
Fig 1. Theoretical power angle characteristic of wind turbine
Angle regulation is required in condition above the
rated wind speed when the rotation speed is constant. Small
All the work i.e stopping the turbine is programmed.
changes in pitch angle will affect the power output. The
Next is rated speed it is the speed at which turbine give
need pitch angle control is as follows
maximum power(rated power), 12 to 16 is the rated speed.
 Optimizing the wind turbine output, below the rated The efficiency is high near the rated speed.
speed the pitch setting should be at it’s optimize value to
give greatest power.
III. WTG MODELING
 Preventing the mechanical input to beat the limit which
is designed. Above the rated wind speed pitch angle WTG is the type of machine which extracts the
control provides an effective method of regulation the mechanical energy from wind and convert into the electrical
aerodynamic power and loads produced by the rotor. energy by means of various arrangement. The wind power
equation is given by[1]

IJISRT21AUG325 www.ijisrt.com 57
Volume 6, Issue 8, August – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
1
P= ꝭ AV3 (
Eq01)
2

Where ꝭ = air density, A=πr2 area of swept by turbine,

V= velocity of wind. The efficiency of WTG is about 59%.
The power conversion limit is termed as Betz limit. The
power extracted from wind turbine blade in terms of pitch
angle (β), blade tip speed ratio (ℷ). The power coefficient
(cp) variation curve is given by blade tip ration[6]. The
power extracted by wind is denoted by non linear
equation[5]
1
Pwt=2 ꝭ AV3Cp(β,ℷ) (Eq-2)

116 −21
CP=0.5176( ℷ𝑖 - 0.4β - 5)e ℷ𝑖
+ 0.0068ℷ
(Eq-03) Fig.3. wind power vs rotor speed

1 1 0.035 IV. ACTUATOR MODEL

Where ℷ = ℷ+0.08𝛽 – 𝛽3+1 (Eq-4)
The proportional integral controller is generally used
The tip speed ratio is defined as the ratio between the blade in wind turbine for pitch control. Although for its simplicity
tip seed and wind speed PI controller may not achieve the intended optimum
ωwtR
ℷ= 𝑉 (Eq-5) performance due to non linear dynamics with WTG. The
actuator model contain hydraulic and mechanical system
Where Wwt = tip speed ratio with is work on the actuating signal. This model describe the
R = radius of the turbine behavior between the pitch require from the pitch controller
and calculated pitch angle. It consists of non linear equation
with a saturation limit which is cause by high frequency
Therefore any change in speed of rotor or the wind
component present in system on both factors.
speed induces a change in the tip ratio principal to power
The change in pitch angle
coefficient difference. This type of control strategies is very βr − β
useful in this method the wind turbine getting stopped by β = (Eq-6)
𝜏𝛽
change the speed or getting high speed i.e violet the limits (Eq-06)
which is programmed. In other word turbine is stopped
when speed is exceeding cutout airstream speed by means of where βr = required pitch angle, τβ= time constant. By using
safety consideration[5] Laplace transform we get the transfer function as below

𝛽 1
= 𝜏𝛽𝑠+1 (Eq-7)
𝛽𝑟

V. PI CONTROLLER

Generally we used PI controller in wind turbine system for

the easy and achieved our desired output. Wind turbine
generated system is very sensitive system for this we have to
use the accurate controller. When we use controller the
output of controller is βr( desired pitch angle). The required
pitch angle is expressed as

βr=Kp e+Ki∫ 𝑒𝑑𝑡 ( Eq-8)

where
e=ωmreference–ωm (Eq-9)
ωm= angular speed

Fig 2 rotor speed vs wind speed

IJISRT21AUG325 www.ijisrt.com 58
Volume 6, Issue 8, August – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
[4]. Vishal T. Makvana1, Rinal K. Ahir2, "Study of PID
Controller Based Pitch Actuator System for
Variable Speed HAWT using MATLAB"
International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2013
[5]. Mohammed A. Ibrahim, dr fawaz s. Abdullah, basher
M salih “modeling and simulation of 1.5 MW wind
turbine” international journal of applied engineering
research ISSN 0973-4562 volume
13november10(2018)
[6]. Silpa Baburajan "Pitch Control of Wind Turbine
through PID, Fuzzy and adaptive Fuzzy-PID
Fig 4 PI controller controllers" Master thesis, Kate Gleason College of
Engineering, October 2017.
On solving equation 8 we get [7]. Zafer Civelek, Murat Lüy, " A New Fuzzy Controller
𝑑𝛽𝑟 𝑒
𝑑𝑒
=Kp+Ki 𝑑𝑒/𝑑𝑡 (Eq-10) for Adjusting of Pitch Angle of Wind Turbine" The
Online Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 6,
For variable slip generator, the range of e is narrow and Kp Issue 3, July 2016.
is greater than Ki. . so we can neglect the Ki and above [8]. Pleßmann, G.; Erdmann, M.; Hlusiak, M.; Breyer, C.
equation can be written as Global energy storage demand for a 100% renewable
𝑑𝛽𝑟 electricity supply. Energy Procedia 2014, 46, 22–31.
Kp= 𝑑𝑒 (Eq-11) [CrossRef]
[9]. Bussar, C.; Moos, M.; Alvarez, R.; Wolf, P.; Thien, T.;
For simplicity take the initial value and time constant is 1 Chen, H.; Cai, Z.; Leuthold, M.; Sauer, D.U.; Moser,
second then the transfer function is A. Optimal allocation and capacity of energy storage
𝛽 1
= (Eq-12) systems in a future European power system with 100%
𝛽𝑟 𝑠+2
renewable energy generation. Energy Procedia 2014,
46, 40–47. [CrossRef]
In the steady state response we can calculate the KP and Ki
[10]. IEC White Paper Energy Challenge:2010. Coping with
by using above equations
2𝛽
the Energy Challenge The IEC ’s Role from 2010 to
Kp = 𝜔𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑓−𝑤𝑚 (Eq-13) 2030; IEC: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
1 2𝛽 𝛿∆𝜔 [11]. IRENA. Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap
Ki = .( -Kp )
𝜔 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒− 𝜔𝑚 𝜔𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒− 𝜔𝑚 𝛿𝑡 to 2050, 2018th ed.; IRENA: Abu Dahbi, UAE, 2018.
(Eq-14) [12]. Sun, Z.; Wang, H.; Li, Y. Modelling and simulation of
doubly-fed induction wind power system based on
VI. CONCLUSION Matlab/Simulink. IET Conf. Publ. 2012, 2012.
[CrossRef]
In this paper we see the how a wind turbine is modeled [13]. Jami, H. World Wind Resource Assessment Report,
and the control strategies. Pitch angle control is used for 2014th ed.; World Wind Energy Association: Bonn,
smooth controlling and PI controller is used to identify a Germany, 2014. 7. Rolán, A.; Pedra, J.; Córcoles, F.
small change. We also discuss the cut in and cut out speed Detailed study of DFIG-based wind turbines to
of the turbine. The main focus on this is the controller used overcome the most severe grid faults. Int. J. Electr.
in it is sensitive. We also observe the power output w.r.t. Power Energy Syst. 2014, 62, 868–878.]
wind speed. [14]. Precup, R.; Kamal, T.; Hassan, S.Z. Advanced Control
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