Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Relationship between Sleep Quality,

Mindfulness and Quality of Life
Wan Nurul Izza Wan Husin Aisyah Arifin
Department of Psychology and Counselling Department of Psychology and Counselling
Faculty of Human Development Faculty of Human Development
Sultan Idris Education University Sultan Idris Education University
Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia

Abstract:- The aim of this study is to examine the level of satisfaction. Poor sleep quality is obstructively related to good
sleep quality and quality of life, and to investigate the quality of life as it is almost linked with the psychiatric
relationship between sleep quality, mindfulness and symptoms such depressive disorders [3].
quality of life among undergraduate students. Cross-
sectional study design was implemented. The Pittsburgh Receptive attention and awareness of current events and
Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Mindful Attention experiences are referred to as mindfulness [4]. Mindfulness
Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Quality-of-Life may also cause our minds to focus on what we are perceiving
Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) in the current moment rather than reminiscing about the past or
were used in this study. A total of 139 undergraduate fantasising about the future. In the context of students,
students from a public university in Malaysia have mindfulness could benefit them to be more conscious, aware,
participated in this study. Correlation analysis was used to and attentive especially in the classroom learning in order for
analyse the data. Results showed that there was a them to understand the learning process excellently. Most
significant relationship between mindfulness and all everyone has the capacity to be mindful which everyone has
domains of quality of life particularly satisfaction with different willingness to be aware and conscious with what is
feelings, social relations and physical health. Meanwhile, occurring in the present Individual mindfulness capacity differs
sleep quality was also found to be significantly related with as well, as it can be sharpened or dampened by a variety of
quality of physical health and feelings. Nonetheless, no factors. Mindfulness, by bringing clarity and vividness to
significant relationship was found between sleep quality experience, may also contribute to well-being and happiness,
and satisfaction with social relations. The obtained so directly improving life quality [5].
findings implied that practising mindfulness significantly
Therefore, poor sleep quality is obstructively related to
increases undergraduate students’ quality of life especially
good quality of life as it is almost linked with the psychiatric
for the aspects of physical health, emotions and social
relations. Implications of the findings were discussed. symptoms such depressive disorders [3]. As reference [6]
reported, 60% from urban Midwestern university students were
Keywords:- Sleep Quality; Mindfulness; Quality of Life; categorized as having poor-sleep quality. During the weekend,
Undergraduate Students. students' bedtimes and waking hours were pushed back, and
they reported taking prescription or stimulant medications
I. INTRODUCTION more frequently to alter their sleep or wakefulness.
Mindfulness capacity, on the other hand, differs from person to
The quality of life refers to the enjoyment and satisfaction person because it can be heightened or dimmed by a variety of
of individual’s daily functioning in terms of physical health, situations. Furthermore, academic demands may elicit new
emotions, level of independence and the social relations. Thus, challenges for students to manage personal and social
past medical analysis aimed to evaluate the condition of development and therefore increase the risk of low quality of
physical and functioning health in patients but the importance life [7]. The changes period for young adult coexist with
of applying and sustaining the patients' quality of life has also college life were often related to many challenges such as
been emphasised. It has been changed because they found out academic pressures, interpersonal distress, homesickness,
that a cure is not always possible instead of patient’s mind-set loneliness, isolation, financial burdens, managing novel
willingly want to have lifestyle changes [1]. freedoms and experiencing life as an adult [8].
According to the National Sleep Foundation (NFS), a Poor sleep quality has been associated to a lower quality
good night's sleep is defined as falling asleep within 30 minutes of life, which has been shown to influence everyday
and waking up no more than once each night. Conversely, a functioning, memory, emotional intelligence, and academic
poor sleep quality could lead us to tiredness and sleepiness. performance [3]. Sleep deprivation can also contribute to
Reference [2] mentioned that enough sleep is most importance psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and other
to the health of a person, and it is one of the most importance mental illnesses. Furthermore, anxiety issues appear to be
aspects to adolescents and young adults. They also noted that linked to adolescent sleeplessness. Most importantly,
poor sleep quality in college students is caused by their own neuropathic pain appears to be closely linked to both
propensity to go without sleep and irregular sleeping patterns, psychiatric disorders and poor sleep quality. While for students,
which can lead to severe emotional imbalance, exhaustion, sleep has been found to be least priority due to over load
poor attention, reduced memory, and overall low life coursework, other tasks, and constantly feel that they need to

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Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
meet up with the deadlines. Therefore, it is encouraged for healthy individual controls were included in this study by using
students to have good sleep quality despite of their busy computerised Experience Sampling Method (ESM). The ESM
schedules in order to keep their quality of life into optimum is a method of studying what individuals do, feel, and think in
level. their everyday lives. It asks one person to fill up self-reports
about random events that occurred at the time [12]. The
Furthermore, mindfulness is thought to improve human subjects were chosen through advertisements put across the
well-being and health. Hence, many psychological and medical Tampa region, and they had to meet DSM-IV diagnostic
research have put their interest on mindfulness and its criteria for mood depressive disorder. Their findings revealed
enhancement in recent years [9]. The topic's increasing that sleep problems were linked to an increased negative
prominence among researchers and physicians, however, is response to unpleasant experiences and a blunted response to
somewhat incongruous. Except for group studies by neutral situations in healthy people. Sleep problems, on the
philosophically minded psychologists and cognitive scientists, other hand, were linked to higher negative affect in mood-
mindfulness is basically a dimension of awareness. disordered people across all sorts of everyday life events. As a
Mindfulness, on the other hand, promotes well-being directly result, poor sleep quality affects everyday living and emotional
by adding clarity and clarity to current experience, fostering reactions differently as a function of depression.
closer and moment-to-moment sensory engagement with life
without judgement rather than just self-acceptance [5]. In the meantime, [13] explored the prevalence of sleep
Furthermore, mindfulness works indirectly by improving self- disorders, their sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and
regulated functioning as a result of continuous attentional quality of life in older persons aged 50 and up. Sleep
awareness to psychological, sensational, and environmental disruptions include difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and
stimuli. waking up early in the morning. It's also linked to problems
concentrating, paying attention, and remembering things, as
In light of this gap, the purpose of this research was to well as an increased risk of chronic medical and psychological
look into the interrelationships between sleep quality, diseases, a poor quality of life, frequent pharmaceutical
mindfulness, and overall quality of life. It's important to prescriptions, and a higher cost of health care. A number of
remember that quality of life is made up of three elements: surveys have been carried out in Macao, China in which 451
physical health, emotions, and social interactions. The first goal subjects were interviewed using standardized instruments.
of this study was to determine the level of sleep quality and Female gender, living alone, low education and income,
overall quality of life. Second, it looked into the link between unemployment, stressful life events, and medical and
sleep quality and overall quality of life, focusing on the psychiatric disorders are all often recognised risk factors for
domains of physical health, emotions, and social interactions. sleep disturbance in old adults in Western countries. As a result,
Its third goal was to assess the link between mindfulness and they looked into the link between sleep disruptions and quality
life satisfaction. This study is significant especially to of life in Macao, which is renowned as the world's most densely
undergraduate students as academic demands may elicit new inhabited region. Their study included both community-
challenges for them to manage personal and social dwelling elderly persons and nursing home residents. The
development and therefore increase the risk of low quality of quality-of-life scale has grown in importance as a means of
life. gaining a better understanding of a population's health. During
this time, they discovered that sleep problems are connected
II. LITERATURE REVIEW with poor physical health and a reduced quality of life among
A. The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Quality of Life older persons in Macao.
Reference [10] measured the sleep quality of a sample of The link between sleep disturbance and sadness, anxiety,
undergraduate students and compare it to the recommendations and functioning in college students was investigated in [14].
for young adults from the National Sleep Foundation (NFS). A There were 287 undergraduate students with depression
poll was used to recruit 86 undergraduate students from a mid- symptoms who completed the Beck Depression Inventory
sized public university in the Southeast for this study. The (BDI) and self-report measures such as the Quality-of-Life
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (QLESQ). The BDI
students' sleep quality. Their findings showed that most sleep item, on the other hand, was used to quantify Sleep
students did not get minimum amount of sleep as recommended Disturbances (SD). The data revealed no significant differences
by the NFS as they have varied class times, demanding work in depression intensity, despair, or quality of life between
schedules, and busy social lives which lead sleep to a low students with and without SD. In comparison to students with
priority for students. Sleep has been demonstrated to play a depressive symptoms without SD, students with depressive
critical role in immunological function, metabolism, memory, symptoms with SD had a higher load of anxiety symptoms and
learning, and other key activities in studies. While a lack of hyper arousal, as well as functional impairments. As a result,
sleep can have a negative impact on mood, learning and empirical investigations have demonstrated that sleep
memory, as well as overall well-being. deprivation causes the study's sample to score neutral stimuli
Reference [11] examined whether poor sleep quality much lower than individuals who are well rested. However,
influenced emotional reactivity to daily events since sleep another research revealed that sleep loss had no effect on
disorder has been correlated to poor emotional functioning in subjective emotion in all measures of emotional reaction to
healthy and depressed individuals. 60 participants with major stimuli when the stimuli are shown for the second time or when
or minor unipolar depressive disorders and 35 participants of they occur frequently following the first presentation [15].

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Volume 6, Issue 12, December – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
B. The Relationship between Mindfulness and Quality of Life was utilized. Each intervention was linked to a large increase
Reference [8] has explored the impact of a seven-week in student life satisfaction and a significant decrease in despair
mindfulness-based relaxation course on stress resilience, and anxiety, according to the findings. As a result, mindfulness-
general self-efficacy, and perfectionism in undergraduate based programmes proved to be an excellent technique for
students. Around 71 undergraduate college students were promoting a healthy transition into college life.
included in this study range ages 18 to 40 years old. The
changes period for young adult coexists with college life which Reference [19] also established an empirical study that
is often related to many challenges including academic demonstrated mindfulness is understood as a present-centered,
pressures, interpersonal distress, homesickness, loneliness, non-evaluative state of consciousness. This type of awareness
isolation, financial burdens, managing novel freedoms and is regarded to have inherent significance in developing positive
experiencing life as an adult. As a result, the findings revealed mental health and adaptation through the modification of
that a student's inability to successfully cope with the obstacles distorted thinking. The most prevalent portrayal of Buddhism
of college life can result in a variety of negative outcomes, such is as a psychology that is similar to cognitive psychology and
as elevated stress levels, which can harm a student's health and mindfulness. Whereas, Buddhism in the societies is much
overall well-being. As a result, this study suggested the use of related to spiritual activities. Therefore, according to [20],
mindfulness treatments as part of academic curriculum as a spiritual health of teenagers is crucial for their mental health
possible strategy to improve pupils. and well-being. Since spiritual intelligence may influence their
social behaviours or relations which is one of the main factors
The benefits of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for of quality of life.
health and social care among undergraduate students were
explored in [16]. They want to identify and clarify the literature III. METHODOLOGY
on the impacts of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for health
and social care among undergraduate students, therefore they're A. Participants
doing a systematic review of the literature. Preferred Reporting A total of 139 respondents who were undergraduate
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) students at a public university in Malaysia have participated as
criteria were used to conduct the review. From the beginning to sample respondents. In terms of gender, the samples consisted
the 21st of November 2016, PubMed, EMBASE, Psych Info, of 66.2% females and 33.8% males and their age ranging from
CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and Academic Search 19 to 26 years old. In addition, the sample comprised students
Complete were searched. Additionally, hand searching relevant from various faculties which were Faculty of Arts, Computing
journals, reviewing paper reference lists, and contacting and Creative Industries, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,
authors in the area were also used as search approaches. Faculty of Management and Economics, Faculty of Sports
Participants' stress, mood, anxiety, well-being, self- Science and Coaching, Faculty of Music and Performing Arts,
compassion, and coping capacities have all been shown to Faculty of Languages and Communication, Faculty of Social
benefit by mindfulness. The review highlights the significant Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Technical and Vocational
short-term benefits that Mindfulness-Based Interventions could Education, Faculty of Human Development. It is worth noting
improve undergraduate student’s moods and well-being. that the respondents were from Malay, Chinese and Indian
ethnic.
In the meanwhile, [17] intended to compare the quality of
life and health outcomes of those who are more attentive and B. Procedures
thankful against those who are not. 1315 male soldiers Online survey was employed for this study. The
participated in the study, which included standardised respondents were chosen using a convenience sampling
mindfulness (MAAS), gratitude (CQ-6), general health, life method in which they were directly contacted via social media.
satisfaction, and quality of life questionnaires. Individuals in Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram were the social media
the high mindfulness, medium mindfulness, and low platforms used. All responders were contacted by researchers
mindfulness groups, as well as those in the high gratitude, through acquaintances from various faculties. They were given
medium gratitude, and low gratitude groups, exhibited the option of responding to the survey at their leisure. The
significant differences in quality of life, life satisfaction, participants agreed to the inform consent when responding to
perceived stress, and mental health. In conclusion, the findings the online survey. Later, the data were analysed using SPSS
of these studies revealed that people who are more attentive and software.
thankful have a higher quality of life and are more physically C. Measures
and psychologically well.
 Sleep Quality
Reference [18] studied the impact of developmental The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were
changes on the lives of young adults and the high prevalence of used to assess sleep quality (PSQI), developed by [21]. The
mental health concerns among college students in the United PSQI is a 20-item self-report questionnaire that is broken down
States. This study looked at the effectiveness and feasibility of into seven component scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep
mindfulness training as a way to improve the health and well- latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep
being of first-year college students. A total of 109 freshmen disruptions, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction,
were recruited, with 50% of them being male and 66% being and total sleep quality rating. Items 6 through 18 are scored on
female. The method used is a randomized control trial in which a five-point scale. Item 19 uses a 5-point Likert scale ranging
the universal mindfulness program that emphasize on learning from 1-No problem at all to 5-Almost all problem on a Likert
to breathe or known as Learning to BREATHE (L2B) program

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scale ranging from 1-Never to 5-Four times or more a month. the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) according to its
Finally, item 20 uses a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1- dimensions - sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration,
Very good to 5-Very awful to assess overall sleep quality. The habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep
total of all seven components' scores equals one global score medication, daytime dysfunction [21] - is shown in Table 1.
[22]. Higher scores imply poorer sleep quality. The global
score ranges from 0 to 35. TABLE I. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE DIMENSION
SCORES OF PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)
 Mindfulness Dimensions Scale Percentage
The participants also completed the Mindful Attention (%)
Awareness Scale (MAAS), which was developed by [5] and Subjective Very Good 5.0
assesses a core feature of mindfulness in one's attention to sleep quality Fairly Good 26.6
current-moment experiences. It has 15 items, each of which Neither Good or Bad 32.4
requires a response on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from Fairly Bad 26.6
'nearly always' to 'almost never.' The items are divided into five Very Bad 9.4
categories: cognitive, emotional, physical, interpersonal, and
general domains [5]. The total score of the 15 items shows an Sleep latency Very Good 5.8
individual's level of mindfulness, with a high score reflecting Fairly Good 36.7
dispositional mindfulness and a low score reflecting the Neither Good or Bad 23.0
respondent's level of mindlessness. Respondents must,
Fairly Bad 26.6
however, answer according to what truly reflects their
Very Bad 7.9
experience rather than what they believe their experience
should be in order to achieve socially desired responses.
Sleep duration More than 8 hours 27.3
 Quality of Life 7 hours to 8 hours 33.8
Reference [23] developed the Quality-of-Life Enjoyment 6 hours to 7 hours 28.8
and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), which is a 93-item 5 hours to 6 hours 6.5
scale self-reported questionnaire. All items are graded on a 5- Less than 5 hours 3.6
point Likert scale, with 1 being "not at all" or "never" and 5
being "often" or "all of the time." The measure is broken down Habitual sleep More than 85% 62.6
into eight subscales: physical health, subjective feelings, work, efficiency 75% to 84% 10.8
household obligations, school, leisure activities, social 65% to 74% 12.9
interactions, and general activities [24]. In this study, however, 55% to 64% 9.4
only the categories of physical health, subjective sentiments, Less than 55% 4.3
and social interactions were chosen to meet the college
students' setting. There are 41 items in these three domains. All Sleep Never 26.6
items are graded on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being "not at disturbance Once a month 46.0
all or never" and 5 being "frequently or all of the time." As a Twice a month 17.3
result, a total score is calculated based on the three dimensions
Three times a month 9.4
chosen, with a maximum score of 15. The higher the score, the
Four times or more a 0.7
more satisfied and delighted you are with your life.
month
IV. RESULTS
Use of sleep Never 77.7
A. The Level of Sleep Quality medication Once a month 7.9
The Seven dimensions of sleep quality were measured; Twice a month 4.3
sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep Three times a month 5.0
efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, daytime Four times or more a 5.0
dysfunction [21]. Each dimension scale differs according to its month
measurement. Majority of the respondents (32.4%) scored
neither good or bad for subjective sleep quality. With regard to Daytime No problem at all 25.2
sleep latency, majority of the respondents (36.7%.) scored dysfunction Only a very slight 43.9
‘fairly good’. Besides, 33.8% of the participants sleep around 7 problem
to 8 hours and only 3.6% of them who sleep less than 5 hours Somewhat of a problem 22.3
per day. Very much problem 5.8
For habitual sleep efficiency, 62.6% respondents scored Almost of all problem 2.9
on ‘more than 85%’ and only 4.3% of them scored ‘less than
55%’. With regard to sleep disturbance, 46% of the respondents B. The Level of Quality of Life
experience it ‘once a month’. The majority of people (77.7%) Table 2 shows the descriptive analysis on the dimensions
say they never use sleep medicine. Meanwhile, 43.9% of the of quality of life particularly quality of physical health, feelings
respondents experienced ‘only a very slight problem’ for and social relationships. Most students scored mostly on either
daytime dysfunction. The descriptive analysis of the scores of good or bad for physical health with 44.6% (n=62). While most

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students scored on fairly bad for feelings with 46.8% (n=65) Results also showed that there was a significant positive
and for social relations most students scored on fairly bad with correlation between mindfulness and all components of quality
48.2% (n=67). of life. The correlation between mindfulness and quality of
physical health was r=.294, p=0.00. Meanwhile, the correlation
TABLE II. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON THREE DIMENSIONS between mindfulness and feelings was r=.301, p=.00, and the
OF QUALITY OF LIFE correlation between mindfulness and social relations was
Dimensions Scores Percentage r=.217, p=.010). Therefore, the obtained results showed that if
(%) the mindfulness increases, the quality of life specifically quality
Physical Very Good 2.9 of physical health, feelings and social relations will also
Health Fairly Good 34.5 increase. The correlation analyses between sleep quality,
Neither Good or Bad 44.6 mindfulness, and quality of life are shown in Table 4.
Fairly Bad 15.8
Very Bad 2.2 TABLE IV. CORRELATION ANALYSES BETWEEN SLEEP
QUALITY, MINDFULNESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE

Feelings Very Good 2.2 Variables 1 2 3 4 5

Fairly Good 8.6 Sleep quality -
Neither Good or Bad 32.4 Mindfulness .040 -
Fairly Bad 46.8 Quality of
.213* .294** -
Very Bad 10.1 physical health
Quality of
.199* .301** .847** -
Social Very Good 0.7 feelings
Relations Fairly Good 9.4 Quality of social
.107 .217* .661** .772** -
Neither Good or Bad 30.2 relations
a.Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01 at .05 alpha level
Fairly Bad 48.2
Very Bad 11.5
V. DISCUSSION
C. The Level of Mindfulness
There was a significant positive association between sleep
The descriptive analysis on the scores of the second
quality and physical health quality, according to the findings.
independent variable, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
Similarly, there was a significant relationship between sleep
(MAAS), is shown in Table 3. The average score was
quality and moods. Despite this, there was no relationship
calculated to determine an individual's level of mindfulness.
between sleep quality and the quality of social relationships.
The majority of respondents (61.2%) reported having a
These results were found to be in line with the past researches
moderate level of mindfulness.
that studied the presence of sleep quality and quality of life
TABLE III. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE SCORES OF specifically satisfaction with physical health and emotion.
MINDFULNESS Reference [14], for example, looked into the relationship
Level Percentage (%) between sleep disruption and sadness, anxiety, and functioning
in college students. Students with depressive symptoms and
Low 10.1
sleep disruptions had a higher burden of anxiety symptoms and
Moderate 61.2 hyper arousal, as well as functional impairments, according to
High 28.2 the data. Meanwhile, results from descriptive analysis also
showed that majority of the respondents (46%) indicated that
D. The Relationship between Sleep Quality, Mindfulness and they were having sleep disturbance once a month. Majority of
Quality of Life them (46.8%) also indicated that they experienced ‘fairly bad’
Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was for satisfaction with feelings.
used to examine the association between sleep quality,
mindfulness, and quality of life. Quality of life consists of three Reference [10] measured the sleep quality among a
domains; quality of physical health, feelings and social sample of undergraduate students and compare it to the
relations. recommendations for young adults from the National Sleep
Foundation (NFS). Their findings revealed that the majority of
There was a significant positive correlation between sleep students did not obtain the minimal amount of sleep advised by
quality and physical health quality (r=.213, p = 0.012). the National Sleep Foundation (NFS) as the results indicated
Likewise, there was also a significant positive correlation that sleep was most importance role in immune function,
between sleep quality and quality of feelings (r= .199, p=.019). metabolism, memory, learning, and other vital functions.
There was also a positive correlation between sleep quality and While, a lack of ample sleep can affect mood, the ability to
social relations quality, nonetheless, the correlation was not learn and retain information as well as poor overall well-being.
significant (r=.107, p=.208). Henceforth, as sleep quality According to [11], poor sleep quality has a distinct impact on
improves, physical health improves as well. Similarly, as the daily living and emotional emotions. They discovered that
quality of sleep improves, so does the contentment with sleep disturbances were linked to emotional reactivity in
feelings. healthy people. Emotional reactions amplified the negative
impact of unpleasant experiences and diminished the response

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to neutral occurrences. Sleep problems, on the other hand, were B. Limitations and Recommendations for Future Research
linked to higher negative affect in mood-disordered people The researchers discovered a few constraints when doing
across all sorts of everyday life events. Reference [13] this investigation. First, the sample size was insufficient,
concluded that sleep disturbance was independently related particularly among male students. At first, the researchers
with depressive symptoms as well as physical health of quality wanted to have equal sample size from male and female
of life and are common in older adults in Macao. undergraduates in order to find significant difference in gender
with regard to quality of life. However, the sample size for each
Meanwhile, results also showed that there was a gender was not equal as the sample of this study consisted of
significant positive relationship between mindfulness and all 66.2% female and 33.8% male undergraduates. The
domains of quality of life particularly satisfaction with feelings, respondents also came from one public university only, hence,
social relationships and physical health. Thus, from the making a generalisation of this result might not be suitable.
obtained result, it can be inferred that when the level of Meanwhile, due to time constraint, the self-report measure of
mindfulness increases, the quality of life will also increase. sleep quality particularly Likert-style rating of (the last
This study's findings were in line with those of [17], who month’s) sleep quality, was used as the primary sleep quality
discovered that those with more thoughtful and thankful indicator for this research.
features have a higher quality of life and better physical and
psychological well-being. Furthermore, [18] discovered that Other possible objective measures of sleep quality, such
exercising mindfulness boosts students' life satisfaction while as polysomnography, cyclic alternating pattern, and actigraphy,
also reducing despair and anxiety. Furthermore, [8] also should be used in future study in addition to the self-report
supported that practicing mindfulness can be part of academic measure of sleep quality [26]. A bigger sample size
curriculum since it can benefit the students in terms of incorporates respondents from various universities in Malaysia
improving students’ health and overall well-being. is recommended as it can result in generalisation of the research
findings across the country. Similar research also shall be
VI. IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND conducted for other population groups such as working adults,
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH school teenagers or elderly citizens to add another contribution
to the body of knowledge on quality of life.
A. Implications of the Study
The present study showed that sleep quality and VII. CONCLUSION
mindfulness significantly related with quality of life,
specifically with all of its domains; quality of physical health, This study aimed to find significant relationship between
feelings and social relations. The practise of mindfulness is said sleep quality and quality of life as well as the relationship
to improve human well-being and health. According to between mindfulness and quality of life among undergraduate
reference [25], mindfulness theory is an open-minded approach students in Malaysia. It was done using a survey that used self-
that can keep people actively involved in the process of reported sleep quality, mindfulness, and quality of life
learning new environmental distinctions. Thoughtful responses measurements. In this study, quantitative data analysis,
lead to increased competence, health, positive emotion, specifically Pearson Correlation analysis, was used. The data
creativity, and less burnout; in contrast, mindless mind could revealed that there was a relationship between sleep quality and
result in make one individuals to act routinely without being overall quality of life. Likewise, a significant relationship was
aware with the environment. Furthermore, automatic answers also found between mindfulness and quality of life. Therefore,
can convey a misleading sense of security and confidence. it can be concluded that students who have high level of
Thus, there is no doubt that current researchers recommend to mindfulness and have a high sleep quality score would have a
utilize mindfulness intervention such as mindfulness-based better quality of life, particularly in terms of physical health,
program as a part of academic curriculum to benefit the emotions and social relations.
students [8].
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Mindfulness is thought to increase well-being, according
to reference [5]. A higher mindfulness score suggests that The authors would like to express their gratitude to
people are more aware of and responsive to inner experiences, everyone who helped them in completing this study.
as well as more conscious of what they do. As a result,
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