Volume 6, Issue 4, April – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Role of School Library for Effective Teaching and

Learning among Primary School Teachers in Sabon
Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State
YUSUF ISHAQ MUSA IDRIS
Department of Library and Information Science, Department of Library and Information Science,
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.

AILAKHU, UGONNA V.
Department of Library and Information Science
Faculty of Education
National Open University of Nigeria
Abuja.

Abstract:- The study investigated the Role of School better results as well as provides confidence to look for
Library for Effective teaching and learning among information on their own at different levels. School
Primary School Teachers in Sabon Gari Local library provides the atmosphere for self-education and
Government Area, Kaduna State. Two Objectives self-development of individual students and public in
guided the research work which includes; to identify the general. Therefore, there is needs for government, Non-
roles of school library for effective teaching and learning Governmental Organizations, and private Individuals to
in Sabon Gari Local Government. To identify the spend more on the provision of school library resources
challenges of school library for effective teaching and for effective teaching and learning in our primary
learning in Sabon Gari Local Government. Survey schools. The researcher recommended that there should
research design was adopted for this study. The be provision for additional library services to make the
population comprises teachers in three (3) Primary children have more interest in using the library e.g.
Schools of Sabon Gari Local Government Areas, which educational film shows, storytelling, reading competition
include; Saidu Model Primary School, Amina Primary etc. Professional librarians and other assisting staff
School and Kallon Kura Primary School. A total number should be employed and also there should be adequate
of 99 primary school teachers were drawn from three allocation of resources to school library for effective and
schools as sample size. The instrument used for data efficient services and overall smooth running of the
collection was questionnaire. Frequency counts and library.
percentages were used to analyze the data collected. The
study found out that the major role of school library for Keywords:- Effective Teaching, Learning, Library
effective teaching and learning are Enhancement of Resources, Primary School, School Library.
information literacy skills, Increase reading skills,
support pupil achievement, helps students to meet core I. INTRODUCTION
curriculum content standards, Impact on positive
attitudes towards learning, and to enhance school A library is a social institution created to protect
setting. The study find out that Inadequate Staffing, knowledge, protect cultural heritage, and provide
Unqualified library personnel, Inadequate funding, information to a variety of users for educational and
Physical facilities, Poor quality of school library research purposes. School libraries can be defined as areas
resources, Inadequate current reading materials, Poor designed to provide all kinds of educational and learning
library orientation, Lack of national policy for school resources (Elaturoti, 1993). Oniovosa (2004), as cited
library, Restrictions on numbers of books, Lack of (Dulle, 2014), found in a survey on the reading skills of
computers and internet connectivity, Location of school children around the world that one of the factors that has a
library, Lack of adequate materials, Insufficient positive impact on children's reading performance is in the
awareness, and Absence of library and information books and other items related to the library.
services were the commonest challenges facing school
library in primary school in Sabon Gari Local Researchers based in the United States have examined
Government Area, Kaduna State. The study concluded the effects of school libraries on student success. For
that the role of school library is very crucial to learning example, (Bogman, 2000) found that at each grade level
as it provides the rudiments to learning; gives (elementary, middle, and high school), schools with library
information that can change people’s lives to a better programs had higher scores on the Massachusetts
one, encourages students to study, learn and achieve Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). According to

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Volume 6, Issue 4, April – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Whitaker, (2003) as cited in (Tiravinen. & Clark, 2017). Statement of the Problems
Media centers and school library services have been found Despite the role of school library to teaching and
to differ 10.6% in student achievement, such as Missouri learning, most public primary schools within Sabon Gari
assessment. In particular, Missouri (Quantitative Resources, Local Government Area lacks effective teaching.
Miller, Want & Whitaker 2003) as cited in "(Tiravin and
Clark, 2017) found three components of school library The question here is that; is there no school library for
media center services, library use (how students spend their teachers to utilize its resources? or are the resources
time in the school library and use the school library during outdated? or have the information resources in the school
the normal week), summer reading program and library library no longer serve its purpose? or is it that classroom
access (operation Hours and outreach) Many studies, teachers don’t know how to utilize school library resources?
particularly in the United States, look at the impact of or they don’t know the roles school library play in ensuring
library staff on students' test scores. A study of Lance and effective teaching and learning? It is on these note that the
colleagues in Alaska (Lance, Rodney and Hamilton-Pennell, researcher investigated on the role of school library for
2000). Students were found to perform better on tests at a effective teaching and learning among primary school
school where they worked full-time rather than part-time teachers in sabon gari local government area, kaduna state.
librarians. They also found that schools with a part-time
librarian had higher scores than schools without a librarian Objectives of the study
(Lance, Rodney, & Hamilton-Pennell, 2000). Similarly, a The aim of this study is to investigate the role of
Bombach study in Florida (2002), as cited in (Scholastic, school library for effective teaching and learning among
2016). It was found that in elementary schools where library primary school teachers in sabon gari local government area,
programs were staffed 60 hours a week, there was a 9% kaduna state. The specific objectives of the study are:
improvement in test scores compared to schools with 1. To identify the roles of school library for effective
libraries that had less than 60 staff hours. A properly staffed teaching and learning in Sabon Gari Local Government.
library was even more important to older staff because those 2. To identify the challenges of school library for effective
high school students had 60.2 hours of staff test scores teaching and learning in Sabon Gari Local Government.
improved by 22.2% per week, compared to staffed for at
least 60 hours (Bombach, 2002, cited in Scholastic, 2016). II. METHODOLOGY

Effective teaching involves clarification of instruction, Survey research design was adopted for this study. The
it usually provides students with very clear instructions and population of this study comprise teachers in three (3)
explanations regarding organization and curriculum content. Primary Schools of Sabon Gari Local Government Areas,
Nothing should be left to chance when teaching. If students which include; Saidu Model Primary School, Amina
do not meet expectations, delivery methods may lack the Primary School and Kallon Kura Primary School.
required level of clarity. When a teacher describes, displays,
and makes the message available from alternative Table 3.1 Population Table of Primary School Teachers
perspectives to alternative sensations, the teacher is engaged S/NO Primary Schools POPULATION
in effective teaching practice. In addition, the topic should
1 Saidu Model Primary School 34
be designed in such a way that students have the opportunity
to make a connection between the new material presented 2 Amina Primary School 33
and the concepts they have already learned. This
3 Kallon Kura Primary School 32
pedagogical strategy is called curriculum scaffolding. When
a teacher helps students relate new information to what they TOTAL 99
already know, it helps them organize the information
properly. The primary responsibility of the teacher is to Sources: School Management (2018)
facilitate learning. Teacher effectiveness provides excellent
advice for doing the job of teaching well. Effective learning The researcher uses the rule of thum to sample three
of the four aces (outcome, clarity, engagement and schools with 99 teachers. Cluster sampling technique was
enthusiasm) helps to manage potential chaos. They represent adopted for this research. Questionnaire was the instrument
the principles that, when applied consistently, can enhance used for data collection for the study. The researcher
student learning and are used as a tool for continuous self- administers the instrument personally with the help of one
examination to improve the effectiveness of teaching (1) research assistants. Frequency counts, tables, and
(Bulgar, Mohar and Walls, 2002). percentages are used to analyze the data.

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Volume 6, Issue 4, April – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 4.7 Roles of School Library for Effective Teaching and Learning
S/N Role A NA U
F % F % F %
1 Enhancement of information literacy skills 75 87.2 4 4.7 7 8.1
2 Increase reading skills 85 94.4 3 3.3 2 2.2
3 support pupil achievement 80 88.9 6 6.7 4 4.4
4 Improve test score 50 58.8 27 31.8 8 9.4
5 Enhances writing skills 54 64.3 20 23.8 10 11.9
6 Helps students to meet core curriculum content standards 68 82.9 11 13.4 3 3.3
7 Impact on positive attitudes towards learning 73 81.1 7 7.8 10 11.1
8 Enhance school setting 63 70.8 14 15.7 12 13.5
9 Optimize instructions 50 55.6 18 20.7 19 21.8
Key A= Agreed. NA= Not Agreed U= Undecided

From the above table, it has clearly shows that the Gordon & Lu, (2010) as cited in Scholastic, (2016). Confirm
major role of school library for effective teaching and that the school library helps students to meet core
learning are Enhancement of information literacy skills, curriculum content standards, develop a wide range of
Increase reading skills, support pupil achievement, helps information-handling competencies, provides them with the
students to meet core curriculum content standards, Impact intellectual and technical scaffolds they need to learn and to
on positive attitudes towards learning, and to enhance school be ethical and productive users and consumers of
setting. information, and nurtures and supports pupils as readers by
contributing to the reading and literacy agenda in schools.
This finding is in line with a study conducted in North
Carolina Burgin, Bracy and Brown (2003) as cited in The implication of this is that a school with effective
Scholastic, (2016). School Library increases pupils’ scores library, enhances pupils learning and increases teacher’s
in standardized reading and English tests. Also Todd, effectiveness and efficiency.

Table 4.8 Challenges of School Library for Effective Teaching and Learning
S/N Challenges A NA U
F % F % F %
1 Inadequate Staffing 55 60.4 33 36.3 3 3.3
2 Unqualified library personnel 49 55.1 34 38.2 6 6.7
3 Inadequate funding 79 88.8 7 7.9 3 3.4
4 Physical facilities 70 76.9 19 20.9 2 2.2
5 Poor quality of school library resources 82 91.1 7 7.8 1 1.1
6 Inadequate current reading materials 78 85.7 11 12.1 2 2.2
7 Poor library orientation 69 75.8 18 19.8 4 4.4
8 Lack of national policy for school library 65 71.4 16 17.6 10 11.0
9 Limited knowledge of the role of school library by teachers in enhancing 45 50.0 40 44.4 5 5.6
teaching and learning
10 Reading rooms restrictions 48 55.2 31 35.6 8 9.2
11 Restrictions on numbers of books 53 58.9 27 30.0 10 11.1
12 Lack of computers and internet connectivity 65 73.0 23 25.8 1 1.1
13 Teachers' attitude 38 41.8 44 48.4 9 9.9
14 Librarians' attitude 40 44.4 38 42.2 12 13.3
15 No library opening hours 48 52.7 35 38.5 8 8.8
16 Location of school library 51 57.3 31 34.8 7 7.9
17 Lack of adequate materials 72 80.0 15 16.7 3 3.3
18 Insufficient awareness 63 70.0 21 23.3 6 6.7
19 absence of library and information services 67 74.4 17 18.9 6 6.7
Key A= Agreed. NA= Not Agreed U= Undecided

From the above table it is discovered that the major orientation, Lack of national policy for school library,
challenge of school library are Inadequate Staffing, Restrictions on numbers of books, Lack of computers and
Unqualified library personnel, Inadequate funding, Physical internet connectivity, Location of school library, Lack of
facilities, Poor quality of school library resources, adequate materials, Insufficient awareness, and Absence of
Inadequate current reading materials, Poor library library and information services.

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Volume 6, Issue 4, April – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
This is in line with Ahmed and Nwalo (2013) REFERENCES
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RECOMMENDATIONS

1. There should be provision for additional library services

to make the children have more interest in using the
library e.g. educational film shows, storytelling, reading
competition etc.
2. Professional librarians and other assisting staff should be
employed and also there should be adequate allocation of
resources to school library for effective and efficient
services and overall smooth running of the library.

IJISRT21APR222 www.ijisrt.com 233