The Comparative Study of Albendazole and Euphorbia Thymifolia For Anthelmintic Activity

Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The Comparative Study of Albendazole and

Euphorbia thymifolia for Anthelmintic Activity
Pratiksha S. Dhembare*, Pratiksha K. Dange, Rohan A. Dhamane, Sanket B. Chopade, Sandeep R.Kane,Shrinivas K. Mohite
Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India
Abstract:- Nanoparticles are defined as particles with one sometimes known as anthelmintics, are used to eliminate
or more dimensions and sizes between one and one internal parasites like helminthes and other parasitic worms
hundred nanometers (nm) by ISO and ASTM standards. from the body without causing serious harm to the host. [6, 7]
Due to their special qualities, silver nanoparticles have a .They are sometimes called insecticides or anthelmintics
wide range of uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, (stunning) or as "Insecticide" (insecticide). Helminthiasis, an
larvicidal, catalytic, and wound healing processes. Any infection caused by helminthes, is treated with anthelmintics.
medication that treats parasitic worm-related infections
is known as an anthelmintic (helminthes). An established Many worm infestations can be treated with
anthelmintic medication is Albendazole. Certain albendazole, commonly referred to as albendazolum.
tapeworm infections are treated with the drug Giardiasis, whipworm, filariasis, neurocysticercosis,
Albendazole (such as neurocysticercosis and hydatid cysticercosis, pinworm, ascariasis, etc. conditions, can all be
disease). The centrifugation method wasused for 3 hours effectively treated with it. Threadworms, roundworms,
and 34 hours, respectively, to manufacture silver nanoparticles whipworms, tapeworms, and hookworms can all be
from Albendazole and Euphorbia thymifolia. Pheretima successfully treated with albendazole. [8, 9]
posthuma, an Indian earthworm, was tested for anthelmintic
activity using Albendazole and Euphorbia thymifolia Broad-spectrum anthelmintics like albendazole and
nanoparticles in ethanol. The results were stated for Euphorbia thymifolia suppress tubulin polymerization, which
paralysis and bacterial death time after monitoring various leads to the loss of cytoplasmic microtubules in the intestines
concentrations of both Albendazole and Euphorbia of nematode worms, which in turn affects the worm's nervous
thymifolia. Both plants' dose-dependent activity was seen. system and causes energy exhaustion. The parasite becomes
However, the synthetic medicineAlbendazole exhibits greater immobilized as a result and eventually dies. [10, 11]
activity than the herbal drug Euphorbia thymifolia. It was
determined thatboth the synthetic and natural medicines had II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
anthelmintic activity, with Albendazole having more of aneffect
than Euphorbia thymifolia.  Anthelmintic Assay
Keywords:- Nanoparticle Synthesis, Silver Nanoparticles, A. Preparation of plant extract:
Albendazole, Euphorbia Thymifolia, and Anthelmintic A synthetic medicine called albendazole was broken
Activity. down into a powder, which was then incubated with AgNO3
in alcohol for three hours. The medication powder was further
I. INTRODUCTION dilutedin distilled water to 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mg/mL.
Nanotechnology is an important area of modern Euphorbia thymifolia plant extract was treated with
research dealing with the synthesis, planning, and AgNO3 in alcohol for 24 hours. The plant extract was further
manipulation of particle formation from 1 to 100 nm in size. diluted in distilled water to 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mg/ml.
[1,2,3]
Special properties such as chemical stability, excellent
conductivity, catalytic activity and most importantly B. Worms’ collection:
antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity make it suitable In Rajarambapu Vermicomposting Project,
for incorporation into composite fibers, materials for Rajaramnagar, Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, and
cryogenic superconducting technology, cosmetics, food from Dr. S. U. Patil, Pheretima posthuma (Indian earthworm)
industry, etc. can do. Electronic devices,silver nanoparticles was collected. This earthworm was verified by Smt.
are typical products in the field of nanotechnology. [4, 5] Kusumtai Rajarambapu Patil, Head of the Zoology
Department at Kanya Mahavidyalaya in Islampur, Sangli,
Silver "acts" as an antiseptic and exhibits broad biocidal and Maharashtra.
efficacy against microorganisms in biomedical applications,
including wound dressings, topical creams, antiseptic sprays, C. Anthelmintic Assay:
and added to fabrics. This is accomplished by disrupting their P. posthuma, an earthworm, was split into seven groups,
unicellular membrane, which in turn interferes with their each containing two earthworms of the same size (in
enzymatic activities. The detection and therapy of cancer also triplicates) and was then released into 30 ml of the
employ these silver nanoparticles with success. experimental formulation kept in the petri dish. The first
Antiparasitic medications known as anthelmintics,
IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 550

ISSN No:-2456-2165
group served as the control and was just given regular After estimating the mean paralysis duration, the time of
distilledwater treatment. The second, third, and fourth groups death was measured in seconds to make sure that the
consisted of various concentrations of the synthetic earthworms did not move when shaken or when an external
medication albendazole (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mg/mL). The stimulus was applied by submerging the immobile worms in
herbal medication extracts of Euphorbia thymifolia were used 500°C hot water. The death of the worms was indicated by
in the fifth, sixth, and seventh groups in varying their immobility, the appearance of a white secretion, the
concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03). Before beginning the fading of the colour surrounding their bodies. The length of
experiment, each test solution wasfreshly made. [12, 13, 14, death andparalysis were specified in minutes.
15]
Table 1:- Comparative study of Albendazole and Euphorbia for Antihelmintic activity

ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. RESULTS
Fig 1. CONTROL Fig 2. ALBENDAZOLE (0.01ML)
Fig 3 .ALBENDAZOLE (0.02 ML) Fig 4. ALBENDAZOLE (0.03 ML)
Fig 5. EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA (0.01 ML) Fig 6. EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA (0.02 ML)

ISSN No:-2456-2165
Fig 7. EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA (0.03 ML)
The ethanolic extract contains saponins, steroids, The adult Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma
alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, according to preliminary responds similarly to intestinal parasites in response to
phytochemical screening. It is observed that standard anthelmintic drugs and is readily available, which was used
albendazole shows potent anthelmintic activity while in this study to compare the anthelmintic activity of the
Euphorbia thymifolia takes a long time to kill worms. synthetic drug Albendazole and the herbal drug Euphorbia
Albendazole causes paralysis within 2–3 minutes, while the thymifolia. Comparing the anthelmintic activity of the herbal
death of worms takes place in 3–4 minutes. Paralysis occurs medication Euphorbia thymifolia extract to that of the
in 2-2.5 minutes in Euphorbia thymifolia, while worm death synthetic drug Albendazole, the former showed less. The
occurs in 4-4.5 minutes. [16, 17] highest anthelmintic activity in ethanolic extract is caused by
the presence of alkaloids and tannins. As concentrations were
IV. DISCUSSION raised, ethanolic extracts became more effective as an
anthelmintic. When compared to the usual reference
The chemical makeup of each plant is unique, and even medicine albendazole, Bendgude et al. found that ethanol
within the same plant, the chemical makeup changes from extracts significantly shortened nematode paralysis and death
one area of the plant to another. Depending on their solubility, time in a dose-dependent manner Alkaloids, tannins, phenols,
the plant's phytochemicals can be dissolved in ethanol. As a and other phytochemicalsare said to have strong anthelmintic
result, ethanolic extracts of the herbal plant Euphorbia properties, while alkaloids are said to operate on the
thymifolia were chosen to manufacture with the common earthworm's nervous system to paralyze it. Tannins have been
synthetic medicine Albendazole. The results of the current found to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, which
study indicate that the ethanolic solvent extract of Euphorbia interferes with worm energy production, or they can attach to
thymifolia include a variety of phytochemicals, including the free protein of the GIT and kill worms. Inhibition of
alkaloids, glycosides, coumarin, saponins, sterols, tubulin polymerization, prevention of glucose uptake, and
polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The ethanolic extract of damage to nematode mucopolysaccharide membranes are
the common medicine Albendazole had more phytochemicals three ways phytochemicals may act collectively or singly.
and bioactive components as a result of which it shown the
highest anthelmintic activity. Secondary metabolites or V. CONCLUSION
phytochemicals typically exist in complicated combinations
that vary depending on the organs and stages of development The silver nanoparticles of the common synthetic
of the plant. For Euphorbia thymifolia to be used as medicine Albendazole exhibit powerful anthelmintic activity
effectively as possible in medicine, knowledge of the when compared to the silver nanoparticles of the herbal
photochemical components present and albendazole will be Euphorbia thymifolia, according to a comparative research of
very helpful. According to reports, phytochemicals found in the two substances. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, sterols,
plants are important sources of anti- inflammatory, antiviral, flavonoids, and polyphenols are some examples of the
anti-tumor, antibacterial, and anthelmintic compounds. As a phytochemical components that contribute to albendazole's
result, they are used as components in both allopathic and effectiveness as an anthelmintic.
alternative medical systems. [18]

ISSN No:-2456-2165
We can see that normal albendazole induces paralysis in
2-3 minutes and death in 3–4 minutes when we examine the [14]. N Mondel, S Mondel, P Ghosh, C Ghosh, S Das, and S
paralysis and death times of worms against both of these Chaterjee are among the authors. The Pharma
medications. Euphorbia thymifolia experiences paralysis in Innovation Journal 2019;8(2):464468, Olenlandia
2-2.5 minutes and worm death in 4-4.5 minutes. As a result, corymbosa Linn: Botanical Feature, Phytochemical,
we draw the conclusion that the active phytochemical and Pharmacological Overviews.
components, such as tannins and glycosides, which inhibit [15]. Pharmacognosy, 12th edition, ELBS Publications,
tubulin polymerization, obstruct glucose uptake, and harm the London, 1985: 126.
worms' mucopolysaccharide membrane, exposing the outer [16]. Trease GE, Evans WC."Antimicrobial alkaloids from
layer and restricting movement, potentially leading to Euphorbia thymifolia," Pak Sci Indian Res., 8: 293,
paralysis and eventual death.[19, 20] 1965.
[17]. Chapman & Hall, London, 1973, Phytochemical
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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

The Comparative Study of Albendazole and

IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 550

IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 551

Fig 1. CONTROL Fig 2. ALBENDAZOLE (0.01ML)

Fig 3 .ALBENDAZOLE (0.02 ML) Fig 4. ALBENDAZOLE (0.03 ML)

IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 552

Fig 7. EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA (0.03 ML)

IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 553

IJISRT23JAN715 www.ijisrt.com 554

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