Volume 8, Issue 2, February – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

An Empirical Analysis of Pradhan Mantri Garib

Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY) With Special
Reference to Sangli District
Hanamant Shahaji Sawant
Assistant Professor Department of Economics
Shrimant Babasaheb Deshmukh Mahavidyalaya, Atpadi
Affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur, Maharashtra

Abstract:- Food is one of the basic needs of man. Since economic perspective. In India, the then Chief Minister NT
ancient times, people have tried to satisfy their basic Rama Rao started the food security program with 2 rupees per
needs. In a welfare economy, government support and kg of rice in Andhra Pradesh. To date, various food security
efforts to meet people's food needs are important. In a programs have been implemented. In 1994, the food security
developing country with a large population like India, the program for the backward classes was launched; in 2001, the
government plays an important role in providing food. In Annapurna program was launched; in 2003-4, the nutritious
India, during the terrible famine of 1940 in the province food for infants program was launched; and in 2004, the rural
of Bengal, the first attempt was made to provide food grain bank program was launched. Antodaya Yojana was
grains to the population with the government's help. introduced in 2000 for individuals. The program focused on
During World War II in 1945, people were provided food nutritional malnutrition. The program provided financial
through rationing. After independence, the Indian assistance to address the problem of food insecurity by
government tried to reach all poor people through the introducing the Gramodaya Yojana. In the area of food
public distribution system. Various programs were security, the largest program in the country is the National
introduced in India to protect the poor from fluctuations Food Security Act of 2013, under which the Pradhan Mantri
in food prices, provide adequate food to every family, Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, the largest food security program
prevent the poor from starvation, and provide food in the world, was introduced in 2020.
security. Antodaya Anna Yojana and the National Food
Security Act under the public distribution system have II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
helped make the National Food Security Program a
greater success. 1)Pramod Kumar & P. Anbukani entitled "Food security
in India Issues and Challenges" Food security is the
During the Corona epidemic, the whole world came to a milestone of national prosperity and well being. The health of
standstill, and during this period, the income of workers nation is directly linked to food security. Besides, it is a
and the unorganized sector was completely stopped. matter of political stability and peace. India’s half of the
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Pradhan population is struggling to find food on their plate, coping
Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana on March 26, 2020, to with stern starvation and droughts on the flipper side. India is
ensure the people's food security during this crisis. The home to the world's largest number of hungry people, with
program is known as the largest food security program in over 200 million people. The government of India has
the world. Thank you to this program; 66% of the people notified the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, to
in the Sangli district received free food and were freed provide food and nutritional security in the human life cycle
from hunger and emaciation. This program has approach by ensuring access to adequate quality food at
successfully maintained food security during epidemics affordable prices for people to live a life with dignity. The
such as Corona. This program has helped improve the Act provides for coverage of up to 75% of the rural
standard of living and social status of the poor. This population and up to 50% of the urban population for
program is known as a "game changer" in food security receiving subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public
in the country. Distribution System (TPDS).

Keywords:- Food security, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan 2) Shaleen Jain, "Food security in India Problems &
Anna Yojana. Prospects" according to he Climate change is expected to
affect agricultural land use and production due to less water
I. INTRODUCTION availability for irrigation and other factors. There is climate
change in India due to rising temperatures and extreme events
Food security is the state where all people have access in the food production systems, which impacts agricultural
to enough food to live a functional and healthy life. Food growth adversely. Various reports indicate that climate
security is the assurance that all people, at all times, have change would further intensify temporal and spatial variation
access to the essential food they need from a physical and in water availability and extreme events of flood and drought.

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Volume 8, Issue 2, February – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
There is a strong need to address changes in institution and III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
resource accessibility to tackle climate-induced natural
hazards. • Crop Diversification: In recent years, agricultural The present research work depends on both primary and
scientists have greatly emphasized the implementation of secondary data. Considering a 95 per cent confidence level
crop diversification. The price of food grains like rice and and a 5 per cent margin of error, 380 samples were drawn in
wheat are not encouraging, and farmers have very low ten selected talukas of PM-GKAY in the Sangli district. This
returns. The farmers were encouraged to earn higher profits sample was divided into ten talukas, and 38 ration card
by concentrating on other crops. holders were interviewed in each taluka. For the secondary
data, information was taken from articles in various journals,
3) Neeru Chadha "Food Security in India Issues and newspapers and annual reports of various ministries.
Challenges" Achieving food security through enhancing
agricultural production has been the major focus in most  Significance of the Scheme
developing countries. Several countries have succeeded, to a The PM-GKAY programme provided free food grains
noteworthy extent, in achieving this objective. However, to the poor so that the money the poor spent on food grains
nutritional adequacy needs to be addressed more effectively. could be used for other needs. Under this scheme, low-
In India, initiatives have been emphasized by introducing income families received free food grains. It is estimated that
subsequent schemes to boost the country's food security: the super poor spend 40% of their income on food, while the
Public distribution system (PDS) is one of the instruments for poor spend 30% on food. This scheme saved one-third of the
ensuring household-level food security. The prime objective income of the poor and very poor. They began to spend this
of PDS is to ensure adequate and equitable distribution of saved money on material facilities, which helped them
essential items of consumption to households with socially improve their status.
moderate prices through a regulatory mechanism. This will
contribute to attaining self-sufficiency in food production and Under this programme, the poor received free food
procurement and keep prices in balance. The PDS mechanism grains so that the money the poor spent on food grains could
was used before independence to control food prices and be used for other needs. Under this programme, low-income
shortages. However, since then, it has been deployed as a tool families received free food grains. According to one estimate,
of inclusive economic policy – for the twin goals of equality the extreme poor spend 40% of their income on food, while
and social justice. the poor spend 30% on food. This programme saved one-third
of the income of the poor and extremely poor. They started to
 Objectives of the research spend this saved money on material facilities, which helped
The objectives of the present research are as follows. to improve their standard of living. Food is an important
 To study the concept of food security. factor in social security. The whole life of poor people
 To review the progress of the Pradhan Mantri Garib consists of providing food. They have to spend most of their
Kalyan Anna Yojana scheme in the Sangli district. income on food. Through this scheme, food grains have been
 To study the impact of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan provided to the poor free of charge, reducing the monthly
Anna Yojana expenditure on food grains in the income of the poor. Due to
the lack of income, the poor are unable to buy enough food
grains in the market, so people from low-income families
have to starve half to get food grains; they have to do inferior
work in the house of big farmers, the rich, so the social
standard of their life decreases. Under this scheme, poor
people receive free food every month. This scheme has
helped to raise the social status of people who do light work
for food grains by exempting them from this work.

Table No.1 Progress of Scheme

Sr. no. Taluka Total Ration card Beneficiary Ration card Percentage of Beneficiary
Holders Holder
1 Atpadi 23265 17449 75%
2 Jath 51254 36906 72%
3 Kavathe-Mahankal 23520 16464 70%
4 Kadegaon 25558 16868 66%
5 Walwa 63723 38871 61%
6 Tasgaon 41767 28401 68%
7 Khanapur 27276 18547 68%
8 Palus 28383 17597 62%
9 Shirala 26736 18447 69%
10 Miraj 101194 65776 65%
Total 412676 275323 66.75%
Source: Sangli District Food Grain Department Report 2022

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Volume 8, Issue 2, February – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
In the Sangli district, 66.75% of the ration card holders 𝑂𝑖 2
χ2 1 stat= ∑ 𝐸𝑖 - N where Oi= observed frequency, Ei=
have benefited from the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna
Yojana. In percentage terms, the highest, i.e.75 % of the expected frequency & N= total frequency
people in Atpadi, have benefited from this scheme, while in
Walwa Taluka, the smallest, 61 % of the people have Here from the above table χ2 1 stat= 11.72
benefited. In Khanapur Atpadi Jath, Kavthe-mahankal and χ2 1, .05 critical = 3.841
Tasgaon taluka in Sangli district, an average of 70 per cent of
people have benefited from this scheme. Also, the correlation As χ2 1 stat= 11.72 >χ2 1, .05 critical = 3.841, hence Ho is
between ration card holders and beneficiary ration card rejected and H1 is accepted at 5% l.o.s.
holders is found to be 0.99, indicating that the scheme has
been helpful in the implementation of food security.  Conclusion
A & B are highly interdependent. The researcher
IV. RESULT & DISCUSSION concludes that Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
has increased the social status of poor people, which means
The researcher wanted to study the relationship between that government intervention in food security increases the
the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana and its impact social status of households.
on the social status of the poor population. For this purpose,
he used chi-square tests, which are described below. The data Test no.2 The researcher wanted to know if there was
between A and B were collected with the questionnaire, and independence/dependence between
the following results were found. A: Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana &
B: Increased standard of living of the poor population
Test No. 1 The researcher wanted to know if there was
independence/dependence between To study the impact of A on B, the following four
A: Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana & options were presented to the households.
B: Increased social status of poor people  Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana increases the
standard of living of the poor population.
To examine the impact of A on B, households were  Although Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is
given the following four options. available, the standard of living of the poor population did
 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana increases the not increase.
social status of the poor  Although Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is
 Although Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is not available, the standard of living of the poor population
available, the social status of the poor has not increased has increased (increased income/awareness of rural
 Although Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is households)
not available, the social status of the poor has increased  Without Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, no
(increased awareness of rural households) increased standard of living.Data collected on A & B is
 iv)Without Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana no classified in the below table.
social status for the poor population.
Table no.2 Responses on A &B
Data collected on A & B are classified in the below B β Total
table. A 62 18 80
α 08 12 20
Table no 1 Responses on A &B Total 70 30 100
B β Total
A 66 13 79 Oi Ei Oi2/Ei
α 10 11 21 62 (A)*(B)/N=56 68.64
Total 76 24 100 18 (A)* ( β)/N=24 13.5
08 ( α)* (B)/N=14 4.57
Oi Ei Oi2/Ei 12 ( α)* ( β)/N=06 24.00
66 (A)*(B)/N=60.04 72.55 Total 100 00 110.71
13 (A)* ( β)/N=18.96 8.91
10 ( α)* (B)/N=15.96 6.26 To test independents of A & B, chi-sq. test is applied.
11 ( α)* ( β)/N=5.04 24.00 The test procedure is as follows
Total 100 100 111.72 Ho: A & B are independent
Vs
To test independents of A & B, chi-sq. test is applied. H1: A & B are dependent
The test procedure is as follows;
Ho: A & B are independent Here test statics is
𝑂𝑖 2
Vs χ2 1 stat= ∑ - N where Oi= observed frequency, Ei=
𝐸𝑖
H1: A & B are dependent expected frequency & N= total frequency
Here test statics is Here from the above table χ2 1 stat= 10.71

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Volume 8, Issue 2, February – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
χ2 1, .05 critical = 3.841
As χ2 1 stat= 10.71 >χ2 1, .05 critical = 3.841, hence Ho is
rejected and H1 is accepted at 5% l.o.s.

 Conclusion
A & B are highly interdependent; the researcher
concludes that Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
has raised the standard of living of poor people.

V. CONCLUSION

In a country with such a large population, this program

providing abundant food grains from the government has
greatly improved food security for the poor. Pradhan Mantri
Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is the world's largest food security
program that provides free wheat, rice and pulses to the
population. The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
is the world's largest food security program providing
beneficiaries with free wheat, rice and pulses. This program
was introduced during the Corona epidemic. During the
Corona epidemic, there were three periods of unemployment
in the country. During these layoffs, the income of the poor
was completely stopped. Thank you for the availability of
food for the poor through this program; their problem of
hunger and starvation was solved. If this program had not
been launched during the epidemic, the poor would not have
been able to buy food grains in the market due to lack of
purchasing power, i.e. money. Therefore, starvation due to
lack of food was prevented during the epidemics.

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[3]. Jain, S. (n.d.). Food Security in India: Problems &
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[4]. Pramod kumar, P. A. (n.d.). Food Security in India
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