El Observador December 30th, 2022.

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Wendy Fry CalMatters

Local officials pointed to needing more funding for schools, hospitals, and police services, among other resources, if Title 42 eventually lifts.

The

Supreme Court’s latest move allows a short-term reprieve to an anticipated increase in asylum seekers trying to cross from Mexico into California and other states, but recent confusion at the border is a preview of what may soon come should a pandemic-era measure known as Title 42 be lifted in 2023.

The situation, and its use as a political backdrop, has prompted local officials to ask what state resources will be available next year with California facing a potential budget shortfall and the possibility that Title 42 will end.

Title 42 is a Trump-era immigration policy that has continued under President Joe Biden. It allows border agents to rapidly expel migrants at official ports of entry during public health emergencies. The policy has resulted in the expulsion of tens of thousands of people seeking asylum and has discouraged many others from crossing the border.

The policy states that if the U.S. surgeon general determines there is a communicable disease in another country, health officials have the authority, with the approval of the president, to prohibit “the introduction of persons and property from such countries or places” for as long as health officials determine that action is necessary.

The measure had been set to lift last week by order of a federal court, which would have allowed many asylum-seekers waiting in limbo at the border to go ahead and cross into the United States. Some experts say that because smugglers in Mexico use any shift in U.S. immigration policy to exploit migrants, mere conversation about the possibility of lifting Title 42 triggered even more people to try to cross into the U.S. in recent weeks.

The Supreme Court’s brief order Tuesday stayed — meaning delayed — the trial judge’s ruling that would have lifted Title 42 until the high court hears arguments in the case in February.

The political and legal ping-pong in the case is hard enough for U.S. audiences to follow, making it nearly impossible to explain south of the border.

The Supreme Court’s order is a response to a request filed by 19 Republican-led states that they be heard in the case. It does not overrule the lower court’s decision that Title 42 is illegal; it merely leaves the measure in place while the legal challenges play out in court.

The federal court order that was supposed to lift Title 42 came as a result of a lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of asylum-seeking families. Asylum is a protection codified in international law for foreign nationals who meet the legal definition of “refugee.” The United Nations 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol define refugees as people unable or unwilling to return to their home country, and who cannot obtain protection in that country, due to past persecution or a well-founded fear of being persecuted in the future “on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” Congress incorporated this definition into U.S. immigration law in the Refugee Act of 1980.

For those stuck in Mexico because of Title 42, waiting can be perilous. Human Rights First has documented more than 13,000 attacks on asylum seekers waiting in Mexico during the Biden administration.

Because it takes time for news of shifts in U.S. immigration policy to reach areas in rural Mexico and Central America, the numbers of migrants arriving in Tijuana and San Diego this week in anticipation of the end of Title 42 could be elevated right now — and it may take some time before those numbers drop-off as news travels, experts said. Migration numbers typically increase through the first half of the year before dropping off in the summer.

San Diego County Supervisor Joel Anderson, a former Republican state senator, was among a group of political leaders who recently complained that the state and federal governments have not provided the funds local leaders have requested to handle the expected influx of asylum seekers and other migrants.

“We’re not even talking about whether these are good policies or not,” he said. “But whatever the policy is, we become the targets of it. We’re willing to step up, but they have to step up, too, by giving us the resources we need to deal with it.”

He joined several local Republican and Democratic leaders in San Diego in urging in letters and news conferences that the state and the feds should provide more support ahead of the expected end of Title 42.

The near constant legal back-and-forth has also provided a convenient conversation starter for politicians wanting to debate larger immigration policy issues.

“With the state budget projecting a $25 billion deficit, I’d like to know what the plan is for our schools and to help lift all of our students,” said Andrew Hayes, board president of the Lakeside school district in rural eastern San Diego. Hayes said increases in immigration causes strains to the local educational systems because students fleeing persecution in other countries often have increased mental health needs and sometimes require special instruction.

San Diego County Supervisors Nathan Fletcher and Supervisor Nora Vargas, both Democrats, wrote to Alejandro Mayorkas, the U.S. homeland security secretary, on Dec. 19, also requesting federal resources and “a comprehensive plan to ensure humane entry into the United States for those seeking asylum into our country.”

“When Title 42 is lifted, we will need additional resources and personnel on the ground to process and arrange for the onward travel of asylum seekers to their final destination,” they wrote.

“We will also need the federal government to set up temporary shelters on federal property to ensure access to needed social and health services. Our hospitals, our public health department, our social services, and our homeless service providers are already at maximum capacity serving vulnerable residents in San Diego.”

El Cajon, not “the governor’s neighborhood”

Title 42 policy’s end “will likely increase” migration flows, the Department of Homeland Security officially said last week.

The burden will unfairly fall on a few border cities, Anderson said.

“They’re not talking about releasing people into Sacramento or putting people in the governor’s neighborhood,” said Anderson. “No, they’re talking about releasing people right here in El Cajon, where the median household income is just over $58,000 per year.”

Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office responded that the state has done what it can to support local jurisdictions.

“While the federal government is responsible for

immigration, California has invested more than any other state to ensure the safety and dignity of asylum seekers. Roughly $1 billion has been invested to provide critical services to migrants, including medical screenings, vaccinations, temporary shelter, food, clothes, and other aid. However, with looming budget deficits, the state cannot continue to fund these efforts at scale without significant support from Congress,” said Daniel Lopez, the deputy communications director for Newsom.

“The state has advocated for additional resources to help communities like San Diego provide services to recently arrived migrants,” Lopez added.

Anderson wrote to Gov. Gavin Newsom Dec 14 complaining that a plan that San Diego County officials proposed to the state was rejected.

Though he declined to discuss the plan’s specifics, he said it included opening a temporary emergency shelter, providing food, clothing, healthcare and wrap-around services.

“It is irresponsible to ask the City of El Cajon to shoulder the burden and costs necessary to address the needs of these individuals without assistance from the State and federal government,” wrote Anderson in the letter.

For his part, Newsom has been complaining of a lack of federal support for asylum seekers and immigrants.

Newsom said earlier this month that, because of the federal government’s lackluster support, the state has had to spend nearly $1 billion in the last

three years, working with nonprofits to provide immigrants released from federal detention with health screenings, temporary shelter and help connecting with sponsors. The immigrants had been held at nine facilities in Imperial, San Diego and Riverside counties.

Migrants line up to get health services near the free non-profit clinic in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 22, 2022. Photo by Carlos A. Moreno for CalMatters

“With the respect to the federal government, we’ve been doing their job for the last few years at scale,” Newsom said. “But we cannot continue to absorb that responsibility.”

The state Legislative Analyst’s Office recently said in its annual forecast that Newsom and the Democratic Party-controlled Legislature are facing a $24 billion projected budget deficit for the next fiscal year.

If the state enters a recession the outlook is even worse, with revenues predicted to fall short by $30 billion to $50 billion. The governor signed a record-breaking $308 billion budget in June.

Advocates say that while migrants sometimes require services when they first enter the country, research shows they ultimately contribute to the larger economy. In California undocumented immigrants collectively pay $3.1 billion a year in state and local taxes, according to the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.

Meanwhile, some migrants in Mexico last week expressed disappointment, concern and confusion about the delay in lifting Title 42.

Several people said they had left shelters with the expectation that the order would be released last week and now they had no place to go.

However, the scene outside El Chaparral, a pedestrian border crossing between San Ysidro and Tijuana that has been closed since the pandemic began, looked far different than images coming out of Texas. There, members of the National Guard, armed with rifles, have put up razor wire and are blocking migrants from entering the United States.

Waiting patiently, but getting desperate

Here in Baja California, just south of San Diego, migrants wearing masks stood patiently in lines last week waiting for services or to receive news about any policy changes that may impact their ability to cross the border. The flow of people in the area was orderly, mirroring any other normal mid-week day during the lunch hour.

A migrant from Michoacán said being out on the streets in Tijuana was extremely uncomfortable for his wife, who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. He asked not to be named because people in Tijuana were looking for him, putting him in danger.

“We haven’t been able to receive any help from anywhere,” he said. “We’re getting desperate.”

Anderson said that the county was willing to welcome asylum seekers “with open arms,” but it needs more funds to do it.

“Even if it’s only 10 more people coming in, that’s 10 people too many without additional funding because we already have so many people living on our streets needing services,” he said.

Newsom toured a state-funded migrant center that provides services to asylum seekers near the Imperial County border with Mexico on Dec. 12. There the governor criticized Republicans in Congress for politicizing immigration while failing to support comprehensive reforms.

The Department of Homeland Security said it plans to boost resources at the border, “increasing processing efficiency, imposing consequences for unlawful entry, bolstering nonprofit capacity, targeting smugglers and working with international partners,” a DHS spokesperson said Thursday.

If Title 42 is ultimately lifted, the process for processing migrants at the border would return to the way it was before the start of the pandemic.

Asylum seekers who don’t have prior permission to be in the country would have to pass what’s called a “credible fear” test. They would have to prove to a processing agent or asylum officer that they have a well-founded fear that if they are deported home, they would face persecution.

After that test, migrants would either be removed from the country, detained in immigration custody or released into the U.S. to wait while their asylum cases make their way through immigration court — a process that can take years.

Otro impulso a la lucha contra el hambre

Apoyamos el bienestar de la comunidad y duplicamos las donaciones de los empleados.

Bank of America se enorgullece de seguir apoyando la salud y seguridad de nuestros empleados mientras aborda la inseguridad alimentaria en nuestras comunidades locales, la cual suele aumentar durante el invierno.

Nuestros empleados están tomando medidas para apoyar la importante labor de los bancos de alimentos locales. Por aquellos que nos informen que recibieron una vacuna de refuerzo contra el coronavirus y/o una vacuna contra la influenza, donaremos $50 por cada una a una organización local dedicada a combatir el hambre. Además, los empleados pueden duplicar el impacto de sus donaciones personales en la lucha contra el hambre con nuestro programa de igualación de donaciones. A través de estos esfuerzos, donaremos más de $8 millones para abordar la inseguridad alimentaria en nuestras comunidades locales.

El equipo aquí en el Área de la Bahía entregó un cheque recientemente por $50,000 a Second Harvest of Silicon Valley. Esta contribución se suma a nuestro prolongado apoyo filantrópico para ayudar a combatir el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria en todo el país. Estamos orgullosos de poder ayudar a nuestra comunidad mientras trabajamos juntos para seguir adelante.

¿Qué quiere lograr?

®

Conozca más en bankofamerica.com/siliconvalley (solo se ofrece en inglés).

Las donaciones en cada mercado reflejan $50 por cada empleado que haya reportado su refuerzo de la vacuna, $50 por cada empleado que haya reportado una vacuna contra la influenza y una contribución adicional de la empresa. Obtener el refuerzo de la vacuna y reportarlo es voluntario. Bank of America, N.A. Miembro de FDIC. Igualdad de oportunidades de crédito. © 2022 Bank of America Corporation. Todos los derechos reservados.

ESPAÑOL

PONERSE AL DÍA CON LA PANDEMIA: ¿QUÉ SE NECESITA PARA QUE LOS ESTUDIANTES REZAGADOS APRENDAN A LEER?

Losestudiantes de quinto grado de Roxanne Grago en la escuela primaria Lake Marie deben poder leer una historia corta, analizarla y respaldar sus análisis con ejemplos del texto.

Pero Grago dijo que durante el cierre de escuelas y otras interrupciones de la era de la pandemia, los estudiantes se atrasaron académicamente. Hoy, luchan por interpretar el significado de una historia porque no dominan los conceptos básicos de la lectura. Muchos no recibieron instrucción adecuada en fonética, la práctica de pronunciar palabras, cuando estaban en aprendizaje remoto a tiempo completo en tercer grado.

“Esa es otra razón por la que mis estudiantes no están progresando”, dijo Grago. “No enseñas fonética en cuarto y quinto grado”.

En todo California, maestros como Grago están luchando para que sus estudiantes se recuperen después de que se perdieron grandes porciones de instrucción de lectura en tercer grado -- un año fundamental para la alfabetización, cuando los estudiantes hacen la transición de "aprender a leer" a "leer para aprender". Leer a nivel de grado en tercer grado asegura que puedan entender sus libros de texto de ciencia e historia en grados posteriores.

Hay mucho en juego para lograr que los estudiantes se pongan al día. Los estudios muestran que los estudiantes que no pueden leer al nivel de su grado en tercer grado tienen cuatro veces más probabilidades de abandonar la escuela secundaria, así como de ganar salarios más bajos y tener un nivel de vida más bajo como adultos.

“Cuando los estudiantes se perdieron el año más crucial para aprender a leer, el sistema nunca se configuró para ayudarlos”, dijo Shervaughnna Anderson-Byrd, directora del Proyecto de Lectura y Literatura de California de la UCLA. “Regresaron a un sistema que asumía que habían recibido instrucción”.

“Esa es otra razón por la que mis estudiantes no están progresando”, dijo Grago. “No enseñas fonética en cuarto y quinto grado.”

Los datos de las pruebas estandarizadas estatales publicados en los últimos meses muestran que Grago no es el único maestro que intenta ayudar a los estudiantes a recuperar las habilidades fundamentales de lectura. Las pruebas Smarter Balanced de California se administran a casi todos los estudiantes en los grados tercero a octavo y en el grado once todos los años. Miden si los estudiantes han dominado los estándares estatales de matemáticas y lengua y literatura en inglés. Los estudiantes toman las evaluaciones cada primavera y los puntajes se publican el siguiente año escolar, generalmente en el otoño.

La prueba se canceló en la primavera de 2020 y era opcional en 2021. Los resultados de las pruebas de la primavera de 2022

brindaron la primera visión integral de cuánto se atrasaron los estudiantes desde el comienzo de la pandemia.

Los puntajes de matemáticas y artes del lenguaje en inglés disminuyeron, pero ninguna otra materia controla qué tan bien los estudiantes aprenden otras materias además de la lectura básica. Entre todos los niveles de grado, los datos estatales muestran que los estudiantes de tercer grado experimentaron las disminuciones más pronunciadas en lengua y literatura en inglés: Al comparar 2019 con 2022, la proporción de estudiantes de tercer grado que cumplieron o superaron los estándares se redujo del 49 % al 42 %.

Entre los distritos escolares de California que evaluaron a más de 100 estudiantes de tercer grado, los estudiantes de tercer grado de la Escuela Primaria South Whittier vieron la mayor disminución. En 2019, el 36 % de los estudiantes de tercer grado del distrito cumplieron o superaron los estándares de lengua y literatura en inglés. En 2022, ese número se desplomó en más de la mitad, a menos del 18 %.

El aprendizaje remoto y las interrupciones por la pandemia tuvieron impactos dispares para los estudiantes de inglés y los estudiantes de bajos ingresos, que más probablemente son negros y latinos. En South Whittier, alrededor de un tercio de los estudiantes son estudiantes de inglés y casi el 90% de los estudiantes califican para recibir comidas gratuitas o a precio reducido.

Cerrar la brecha de rendimiento para los estudiantes negros, latinos y de bajos ingresos ha sido durante mucho tiempo el objetivo de los legisladores en California. Bajo la fórmula de financiación de la educación del estado, las escuelas públicas que atienden a más familias de bajos ingresos, estudiantes de inglés y niños acogidos reciben más dinero del estado. Pero los estudiantes de esos grupos tenían más probabilidades de quedarse atrás durante el aprendizaje remoto debido a la falta de acceso a Internet, las barreras del idioma y los problemas de salud mental.

En los primeros meses de la pandemia, los maestros daban lecciones de cara a cara en las pantallas de las computadoras, pero algunos estudiantes apagaron sus cámaras. Si bien algunos estudiantes lograron mantenerse al día, algunos tuvieron que trabajar desde sus coches en los estacionamientos de Starbucks para obtener una señal de WiFi confiable. Y otros simplemente desaparecieron de esta versión virtual de la escuela, obligados a cuidar a sus hermanos o a trabajar para ayudar a pagar la renta.

En todo el estado, la brecha de logros entre los estudiantes latinos y los estudiantes blancos en las pruebas Smarter Balanced aumentó ligeramente. Los estudiantes latinos de tercer grado vieron una caída ligeramente más pronunciada en los puntajes de las pruebas que los estudiantes de tercer grado en general. Pasaron del 38 % en 2019 al 31 % de estudiantes que cumplieron o superaron los estándares en la primavera de 2022. Los estudiantes negros de tercer grado experimentaron una disminución menor, pero tienen el porcentaje más bajo de estudiantes que cumplieron o superaron los estándares de artes del lenguaje en inglés, con un 27 % en la primavera de 2022.

“Esto se trata de justicia social y raza”, dijo Anderson-Byrd. “Nuestros niños negros y cafés son los que más sufren con puntajes bajos en lectura. Especialmente nuestros niños negros”.

Hace dos años, los estudiantes de Grago estaban en tercer grado y deberían haber dominado la fonética y comenzado a leer para comprender. Pero ese año escolar, la Escuela Primaria Lake Marie en el Distrito Escolar de South Whittier se había mudado al aprendizaje remoto de tiempo completo, un período de instrucción tumultuosa e interrumpida para los estudiantes en todo el estado.

Grago tuvo los mismos estudiantes el año pasado cuando estaban en cuarto grado. Ella dijo que sus estudiantes se han acercado más a la lectura al nivel de su grado desde el año pasado, pero alrededor de una cuarta parte de ellos todavía tienen problemas con

la fonética.

“Hicimos muy poca instrucción de fonética el año pasado, pero debería haber hecho más”, dijo Grago. “Ahora definitivamente lo necesitan”.

Pérdida de aprendizaje en aumento

Aunque muchos estudiantes están muy por debajo del nivel de grado en la capacidad de lectura, el sistema educativo de California requiere que los maestros cumplan con los estándares de instrucción específicos para cada grado. Debido a que el estado evalúa a los distritos en estos estándares a través de las pruebas Smarter Balanced, los maestros se sienten incapaces de dedicar más tiempo a enseñar a los estudiantes el material que pueden haberse perdido en años anteriores.

“Nuestro sistema no está diseñado para el niño en particular”, dijo Anderson-Byrd. “Nuestro sistema está diseñado para el sistema”.

El Distrito Escolar de South Whittier requiere que los maestros de quinto grado califiquen a los estudiantes en 54 estándares en todas las materias. En lengua y literatura en inglés, los estudiantes deben poder comparar dos personajes de una historia, sintetizar información de múltiples fuentes e identificar las ideas principales de un trabajo escrito. Grago dijo que estos requisitos dejan poco tiempo para ponerse al día.

“He estado observando lo que tienen que aprender en quinto grado y es más difícil encajar en la fonética”, dijo Grago. “Sigue creciendo como una bola de nieve”.

“Me siento mal al entregarles a los maestros de secundaria estos estudiantes. Porque no sé cómo van a compensar las pérdidas”.

-EMILY THOMPSON, MAESTRA DE SEXTO GRADO EN LA PRIMARIA LAKE MARIE

Educadores y expertos se han referido ampliamente a esta instrucción perdida como “pérdida de aprendizaje.” Los maestros encargados de ayudar a los estudiantes a ponerse al día mientras cumplen con los estándares obligatorios sienten que los estudiantes nunca recuperarán lo que perdieron, especialmente en alfabetización.

Emily Thompson, quien enseña sexto grado en Lake Marie, dijo que el estudiante típico de su clase lee a un nivel de cuarto grado. Hasta el mes pasado, el nivel de lectura promedio de su clase era de tercer grado. Ella dijo que está “genuinamente asustada” de la incapacidad de sus estudiantes para leer al nivel de su grado antes de pasar a la escuela intermedia.

“Me siento mal al entregarles a los maestros de secundaria estos estudiantes”, dijo. “Porque no sé cómo van a compensar las pérdidas que yo no pude compensar”.

Hasta ahora, los maestros dicen que las ausencias y los casos positivos de COVID han disminuido este año escolar en comparación con el aumento de omicron de enero, pero los estudiantes aún tienen dificultades para concentrarse en clase después de un año

ESPAÑOL

Los alumnos de Thompson se sientan en el suelo frente a ella frente a la pizarra blanca. Están leyendo juntos una novela llamada “Esperanza Rising”, sobre una familia mexicana que emigra a California durante la Gran Depresión. Uno de sus alumnos está aprendiendo inglés y lo sigue con una versión en español del libro. Hay varios estudiantes hablando entre ellos en lugar de prestar atención mientras Thompson intenta iniciar una discusión sobre los personajes de la novela.

“En términos de interrupciones relacionadas con COVID, este año ha sido mucho más estable”, dijo. “Pero diría que el comportamiento de los estudiantes ha sido peor. Eso hace que sea más difícil enseñar”.

Obtener ayuda adicional

Carmen González es la intervencionista de lectura en Lake Marie. Se sienta a la cabecera de una mesa semicircular con media docena de estudiantes a su alrededor. Ella pronuncia las palabras en una tarjeta mientras sus alumnos repiten después de ella. Los estudiantes de Lake Marie que están más rezagados son sacados de sus aulas y trabajan con González durante media hora al día.

“Cuando entras en un salón de clases de primer grado hoy, se siente como si estuvieras entrando en un salón de clases de kinder”, dijo, describiendo los niveles de alfabetización de los estudiantes actuales.

Puede tomar un par de años más deshacer las consecuencias académicas de los últimos tres años y hacer que los estudiantes lean al nivel de su grado, dijo González, pero se siente alentada por el progreso que han logrado sus estudiantes este año.

"Los niños son como esponjas", dijo. Antes de la pandemia, solían sentirse más avergonzados por tener que reunirse con ella, pero ahora se ha normalizado recibir ayuda adicional.

"Pueden sentir que, 'Oh, voy allí porque no me fue bien en una prueba", dijo. Eventualmente, dijo González, los estudiantes se adaptan y comienzan a disfrutar el ritual de trabajar con ella.

Pero Grago dijo que los estudiantes necesitan mucho más que media hora al día.

“No creo que sea una cantidad significativa de tiempo”, dijo. “No sé si realmente está haciendo una diferencia”.

Los estudiantes también pueden quedarse después de la escuela para obtener ayuda adicional, pero Grago dijo que solo la mitad de los estudiantes que realmente la necesitan se quedarán. En general, hacer que la ayuda extra sea opcional fuera del día escolar crea desigualdades. Por ejemplo, los estudiantes cuyos padres tienen horarios flexibles tendrán más probabilidades de que los lleven a casa si se quedan después de la escuela que aquellos que no.

La intervención no debería ser opcional, dijo Anderson-Byrd. "Significa que ya está seleccionando algunos estudiantes para que se queden atrás".

Thompson dijo que el año pasado, la escuela tenía tres especialistas en lectura, pero dos se trasladaron a clases de enseñanza. La escuela no ha podido llenar esos puestos, dejando a González como el único especialista.

“Estamos un poco estancados. Hacemos lo mejor que podemos”, dijo Thompson. “Pero realmente no estamos haciendo lo suficiente

porque no hay suficientes recursos”.

Anderson-Byrd dijo que es posible recuperar la pérdida de aprendizaje mientras se enseña a los estudiantes material nuevo. Ella ha visto a algunos directores usar fondos de alivio de COVID del gobierno federal para contratar a varios especialistas en lectura y realizar evaluaciones frecuentes de todos los estudiantes.

Algunas escuelas se enfocan en la educación en todas las materias. La enseñanza de las ciencias, las matemáticas y los estudios sociales pueden ser oportunidades para concentrarse en la lectura, dijo Anderson-Byrdd.

“No hay normalidad. Es casi criminal meterlos de nuevo al sistema y esperar que las cosas sean normales”.

Los administradores del Distrito Escolar de South Whittier confían en que los puntajes de las pruebas se recuperarán más cerca de los niveles previos a la pandemia para la primavera. Rebecca Rodríguez, superintendente adjunta de servicios educativos en el Distrito Escolar de South Whittier, dijo que el año escolar 2021-22 estuvo lejos de ser normal y no fue un buen punto de partida.

“No puedes tener una reacción instintiva a los resultados del año pasado”, dijo Rodríguez.

“Los resultados van a ser diferentes este año”.

Los expertos coinciden en que los puntajes de las pruebas del año pasado no determinan el destino de los estudiantes que soportaron la pandemia.

“Necesitamos ver los datos cuatro años después del comienzo de la pandemia para ver qué tan persistente es esta caída”, dijo P. David Pearson, profesor de educación en UC Berkeley. “Necesitamos echar un ojo a los estudiantes actuales de cuarto grado dentro de dos años”.

Mientras tanto, la actual crisis de alfabetización presenta una oportunidad para repensar la enseñanza de la lectura, dijo Anderson-Byrd. La mayoría de los aspirantes a maestros de escuela primaria reciben alrededor de 10 semanas o un semestre de capacitación en lengua y literatura en inglés, que incluye lectura y escritura, durante sus programas de acreditación de un año. Dijo que la enseñanza de la lectura merece un curso de un año con más énfasis en la psicología del desarrollo, que se enfoca en cómo funcionan los cerebros jóvenes.

Además, debido a que California atiende a tantos estudiantes de inglés, Anderson-Byrd dijo que los cursos de instrucción de lectura también deben enfocarse en la adquisición del idioma. Eso significa primero capacitar a los maestros para evaluar mejor las habilidades lingüísticas de sus alumnos e identificar a los estudiantes que necesitan ayuda adicional de especialistas en idiomas.

“Escucho a muchos maestros decir que solo quieren volver a la normalidad, pero para algunos niños son dos años de instrucción que se perdieron”, dijo Anderson-Byrd. “No hay normalidad. Es casi criminal meterlos de nuevo al sistema y esperar que las cosas sean normales”.

ENGLISH

PANDEMIC CATCH UP: WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR LEFT-BEHIND STUDENTS TO LEARN TO READ?

“Children are like sponges,” she said. Before the pandemic, they used to be more embarrassed about having to meet with her, but now getting extra help has become more normalized.

Roxanne

Grago’s fifth-grade students at Lake Marie Elementary should be able to read a short story, analyze it, and support their analyses with examples from the text.

But Grago said that during school closures and other pandemic-era disruptions, students fell behind academically. Today, they struggle to interpret the meaning of a story because they didn’t master the basics of reading. Many didn’t receive adequate instruction in phonics, the practice of sounding out words, when they were in full-time remote learning in third grade.

“That’s another reason why my students aren’t progressing,” Grago said. “You don’t teach phonics in fourth and fifth grade.”

Across California, teachers like Grago are struggling to get their students back on track after they missed large chunks of reading instruction in third grade — a pivotal year for literacy, when students transition from “learning to read” to “reading to learn.” Reading at grade level by third grade ensures they can understand their science and history textbooks in later grades.

The stakes are high for getting students caught up. Studies show that students who can’t read at grade level by third grade are four times more likely to drop out of high school as well as earn smaller salaries and have lower standards of living as adults.

“When students missed the most crucial year for learning to read, the system was never set up to help support them,” said Shervaughnna Anderson-Byrd, the director of UCLA’s California Reading & Literature Project. “They came back to a system that assumed they had received instruction.”

“That’s another reason why my students aren’t progressing. You don’t teach phonics in fourth and fifth grade.”

State standardized test data released in recent months show Grago isn’t the only teacher trying to help students recover fundamental reading skills. California’s Smarter Balanced tests are given to almost all students in grades three through eight and grade eleven every year. They measure whether students have mastered state standards for math and English language arts. Students take the assessments every spring with scores released the following school year, usually in the fall.

The test was canceled in spring 2020 and was optional in 2021. The spring 2022 test results provided the first comprehensive look at how much students fell behind since the start of the pandemic.

Both math and English language arts scores dropped, but no other subject controls how well students learn other subjects than foundational reading. Among all grade levels, state data show third-graders saw the steepest declines in English language arts: Comparing 2019 to 2022, the share of third-graders meeting or exceeding standards dropped from 49% to 42%.

Among California school districts that tested more than 100 third-graders, South Whittier Elementary’s third-graders saw the biggest drop. In 2019, 36% of third-graders in the district met or exceeded English language arts standards. In 2022, that number plummeted by more than half, to under 18%.

Remote learning and pandemic disruptions had disparate impacts for English learners and low-income students, who are more likely to be Black and Latino. At South Whittier, about a third of students are English learners and nearly 90% of students qualify for free or reduced-price meals.

Closing the achievement gap for Black, Latino and low-income students has long been the goal of policymakers in California. Under the state’s education funding formula, public schools serving more low-income families, English learners and foster children get more money from the state. But students in those groups were more likely to fall behind during remote learning due to a lack of internet access, language barriers and mental health challenges.

In the early months of the pandemic, teachers taught

lessons to faces on computer screens, but some students turned their cameras off. While some students managed to keep up, some had to work out of cars in Starbucks parking lots for a reliable Wi-Fi signal. And others just disappeared from this virtual version of school, forced to take care of siblings or work to help pay rent.

Statewide, the achievement gap between Latino students and white students on the Smarter Balanced tests grew slightly. Latino students in third grade saw a slightly steeper drop in test scores than third-graders overall. They went from 38% in 2019 to 31% of students meeting or exceeding standards in spring 2022. Black third-graders saw less of a decline, but they have the smallest percentage of students who met or exceeded English language arts standards, at 27% in spring 2022.

“This becomes about social justice and race,” Anderson-Byrd said. “Our Black and brown children are suffering the most with low reading scores. Especially our Black children.”

Two years ago, Grago’s students were in third grade and should have mastered phonics and started reading for comprehension. But that school year, Lake Marie Elementary School in the South Whittier School District had moved to full-time remote learning, a period of tumultuous and disrupted instruction for students statewide.

Grago had the same students last year when they were in fourth grade. She said her students have gotten closer to reading at grade level since last year, but about a quarter of them still struggle with phonics.

“We did very little phonics instruction last year, but I should’ve done more,” Grago said. “Now they definitely need it.”

Snowballing learning loss

Even though many students are far below grade level in reading ability, California’s education system requires teachers to meet specific instruction standards for each grade. Because the state assesses districts on these standards through the Smarter Balanced tests, teachers feel unable to spend more time teaching students the material they may have missed in past years.

“Our system is not designed for the individual child,” Anderson-Byrd said. “Our system is designed for the system.”

The South Whittier School District requires fifth-grade teachers to grade students on 54 standards across all subjects. In English language arts, students should be able to compare two characters from a story, synthesize information from multiple sources and identify the main ideas of a written work. Grago said these requirements leave little time for catch-up.

“I’ve been looking at what they have to learn in fifth grade, and it’s harder to fit in phonics,” Grago said. “It

just keeps snowballing.”

“I feel bad handing the middle school teachers these students. Because I don’t know how they’re going to make up the losses.”

-EMILY THOMPSON, SIXTH-GRADE TEACHER AT LAKE MARIE ELEMENTARY

Educators and experts have widely referred to this missed instruction as “learning loss.” Teachers tasked with helping students catch up while meeting mandated standards feel students will never recover what they lost, especially in literacy.

Emily Thompson, who teaches sixth grade at Lake Marie, said the typical student in her class reads at a fourth-grade level. Up until last month, the average reading level for her class was third grade. She said she’s “genuinely afraid” of her students’ inability to read at grade level before they move onto middle school.

“I feel bad handing the middle school teachers these students,” she said. “Because I don’t know how they’re going to make up the losses that I couldn’t make up.”

Thus far, teachers say absences and positive COVID cases are down this school year compared to January’s omicron surge, but students still have a hard time focusing in class after a year of learning from home. Thompson’s students sit on the ground in front of her facing the white board. They’re reading a novel together called “Esperanza Rising,” about a Mexican family that immigrates to California during the Great Depression. One of her students is learning English and follows along with a Spanish version of the book. There are several students talking to each other instead of paying attention as Thompson tries to start a discussion about the novel’s characters.

“In terms of COVID-related disruptions, this year has been much more stable,” she said. “But I would say student behaviors have been worse. It makes it more difficult to teach.”

Getting extra help

Carmen Gonzalez is the reading interventionist at Lake Marie. She sits at the head of a semi-circular table with half a dozen students around her. She sounds out words on a card while her students repeat after her. Students at Lake Marie who are furthest behind get pulled out of their classrooms and work with Gonzalez for half an hour a day.

“When you enter a first-grade classroom today, it feels like you’re entering a kindergarten classroom,” she said, describing the literacy levels of current students.

It might take a couple of more years to undo the academic fallout of the past three years and get students reading at grade level, Gonzalez said, but she’s encouraged by the progress her students have made this year.

“They may feel that, ‘Oh, I’m going there because I didn’t do well on a test,’” she said. Eventually, Gonzalez said, students adapt to and start to enjoy the ritual of working with her.

But Grago said students need much more than half an hour a day.

“I don’t think it’s a significant amount of time,” she said. “I don’t know if it’s really making a difference.”

Students can also stay after school for extra help, but Grago said only about half of the students who really need it will stay. In general, making extra help optional outside of the school day creates inequities. For example, students whose parents have flexible schedules will be more likely to get rides home if they stay after school than those who don’t.

Intervention should not be optional, Anderson-Byrd said. “It means that you’re already selecting some students to fall behind.”

Thompson said that last year, the school had three reading specialists, but two moved to teaching classes. The school hasn’t been able to fill those positions, leaving Gonzalez as the sole specialist.

“We’re kinda stuck. We do the best we can,” Thompson said. “But truly we aren’t doing enough because there aren’t enough resources.”

Anderson-Byrd said it’s possible to recover learning loss while teaching students new material. She’s seen some principals use COVID relief funding from the federal government to hire several reading specialists and conduct frequent assessments of all students.

Some schools focus on literacy across all subjects. Science, math and social studies instruction all can be opportunities to focus on reading, Anderson-Byrdd said.

“There is no normal. It’s almost criminal to throw them back into the system and expect things to be normal.”

SHERVAUGHNNA ANDERSON-BYRD, THE DIRECTOR OF UCLA’S CALIFORNIA READING & LITERATURE PROJECT

South Whittier School District administrators are confident that test scores will bounce back closer to prepandemic levels by the spring. Rebecca Rodriguez, associate superintendent of educational services at South Whittier School District, said the 2021-22 school year was far from normal and not a good baseline.

“You can’t have a knee-jerk reaction to last year’s scores,” Rodriguez said. “The scores are going to be different this year.”

Experts agree that last year’s test scores don’t determine the fate of students who endured the pandemic.

“We need to look at the data four years out since the start of the pandemic to see how persistent this dropoff is,” said P. David Pearson, an education professor at UC Berkeley. “We need to look at the current fourthgraders two years from now.”

In the meantime, the current crisis in literacy presents an opportunity to rethink reading instruction, Anderson-Byrd said. Most aspiring elementary school teachers receive about 10 weeks or one semester of training in English Language Arts, which includes reading and writing, during their one-year credentialing programs. She said reading instruction deserves a year-long course with more emphasis on developmental psychology, which focuses on how young brains work.

Additionally, because California serves so many English learners, Anderson-Byrd said reading instruction courses should also focus on language acquisition. That means first training teachers on better assessing their students’ language abilities and identifying students who need extra help from language specialists.

“I hear a lot of teachers saying they just want to get back to normal, but for some kids that’s two years of instruction they missed,” Anderson-Byrd said. “There is no normal. It’s almost criminal to throw them back into the system and expect things to be normal.”

10 HEALTH RESOLUTIONS DOCTORS ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE TODAY

10 RESOLUCIONES DE SALUD QUE LOS MÉDICOS LE ANIMAN A HACER HOY MISMO

están diseñadas para mantenerle saludable y para ayudar a garantizar que su médico descubra ciertas afecciones antes de que se vuelvan más graves.

4. La presión arterial alta, también conocida como hipertensión, puede aumentar el riesgo de ataque cardíaco o accidente cerebrovascular, y afecta a millones de estadounidenses. Visite ManageYourBP. org para comprender qué significan sus números de presión arterial y qué puede hacer para controlarla.

StatePoint

The New Year represents a fresh start and is the perfect time to invest in your health. However, you may be unsure what resolutions will have the biggest impact. Doctors say that the easy, tangible actions you take are some of the most important.

“Many people kick off the start of each new year with big-picture health resolutions,” says Jack Resneck, Jr., M.D., president of the American Medical Association (AMA). “The good news is that small, positive health choices made right now can have long-lasting effects.”

Want to get started today? Here are the 10 resolutions the AMA recommends top your list this year:

1. Exercise is essential for your physical and mental health, so get moving today. A good rule of thumb for adults is at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity activity, or 75 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity activity.

2. Vaccination is the best protection against a number of serious illnesses. To protect yourself and your family, get up to date on your vaccines, including the annual flu shot and the COVID-19 vaccine for everyone 6 months and older. Your doctor can let you know if you’re due for a COVID booster. If you have questions, speak with your physician and review trusted resources, including getvaccineanswers.org.

3. Get screened. Estimates based on statistical models show that since April 2020, millions of screenings for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer diagnoses may have been missed due to pandemic-related care disruptions. Check in with your physician. If you’re due for preventive care, tests or screenings, make an appointment. These measures are designed to keep you healthy and help your doctor spot certain conditions before they become more serious.

4. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, can increase your risk of heart attack or stroke, and it affects millions of Americans. Visit ManageYourBP.org to understand what your blood pressure numbers

mean and what you can do to get your blood pressure under control.

5. One in 3 American adults has prediabetes, a condition that can lead to type 2 diabetes if left unmanaged. However, there are steps you can take that can help delay or even prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. Learn your risk by taking a simple 2-minute selfscreening test at DoIHavePrediabetes.org. This resource also features helpful lifestyle tips that can help you reverse prediabetes.

6. Whenever possible, drink water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages and replace processed foods -- especially those with added sodium and sugar -- with nutritious, whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, herbs and spices.

7. If consuming alcohol, drink only in moderation. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans defines that as up to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men, and only by adults of legal drinking age.

8. Speak with your doctor or health care professional about quitting tobacco and nicotine use. Declare your home and car smoke-free to eliminate secondhand smoke exposure.

9. Follow your doctor’s instructions when taking prescription drugs – especially opioids. Always store and dispose of these medications safely to prevent misuse. Whenever prescribed antibiotics, take them exactly as directed. Not taking the full course can lead to antibiotic resistance, a serious public health problem, and will not make you feel better if you have a virus, such as a cold or flu.

10. Invest in your mental health by managing stress, getting sufficient sleep, exercising and seeking help from a mental health professional when you need it.

If you don’t have health insurance, the AMA encourages you to sign up for coverage at healthcare.gov, which has new, affordable options. The enrollment deadline for 2023 coverage is Jan. 15, 2023. Find more health resources at ama-assn.org. For a healthy 2023 and beyond, invest in your wellness with these doctor-recommended New Year’s resolutions.

StatePoint

ElAño Nuevo representa un nuevo comienzo y es el momento perfecto para invertir en su salud. Sin embargo, quizás no esté seguro de qué resoluciones tendrán el mayor impacto. Los médicos dicen que las acciones fáciles y tangibles que usted emprende son algunas de las más importantes.

"Muchas personas enfrentan el comienzo de cada nuevo año con resoluciones de salud generales", dice Jack Resneck, Jr., M.D., presidente de la American Medical Association (AMA). "La buena noticia es que las decisiones de salud pequeñas y positivas tomadas en este momento pueden tener efectos duraderos".

¿Quiere empezar hoy mismo? Aquí tiene las 10 resoluciones que la AMA recomienda que encabecen su lista este año:

1. El ejercicio es esencial para su salud física y mental, así que póngase en movimiento hoy mismo. Una buena regla general para los adultos son al menos 150 minutos a la semana de actividad de intensidad moderada, o 75 minutos a la semana de actividad de intensidad vigorosa.

2. La vacunación es la mejor protección contra varias enfermedades graves. Para protegerse y proteger a su familia, todas las personas mayores de 6 meses deben ponerse al día con sus vacunas, lo que incluye la vacuna anual contra la gripe y la vacuna COVID-19. Su médico puede informarle si debe recibir un refuerzo para la COVID. Si tiene preguntas, hable con su médico y revise recursos confiables, entre ellos getvaccineanswers.org.

3. Hágase la prueba. Las estimaciones basadas en modelos estadísticos muestran que es posible que desde abril de 2020 se hayan omitido millones de exámenes de detección de cáncer de mama, colorrectal y próstata debido a interrupciones de la atención relacionadas con la pandemia. Consulte a su médico. Si tiene previsto recibir atención preventiva, análisis o exámenes de detección, haga una cita. Estas medidas

5. Uno de cada 3 adultos estadounidenses tiene prediabetes, una afección que puede conducir a la diabetes tipo 2 si no se controla. Sin embargo, hay pasos a dar que pueden ayudar a retrasar o incluso prevenir la aparición de la diabetes tipo 2. Conozca su riesgo haciendo una sencilla prueba de autoevaluación de 2 minutos en DoIHavePrediabetes.org. Este recurso también presenta consejos útiles sobre el estilo de vida que pueden ayudarlo a revertir la prediabetes.

6. Siempre que sea posible, beba agua en lugar de bebidas endulzadas con azúcar y reemplace los alimentos procesados, especialmente aquellos con sodio y azúcar agregados, con alimentos nutritivos e integrales, como frutas, verduras, granos integrales, nueces, hierbas y especias.

7. Si consume alcohol, beba solo con moderación. Las Pautas Dietéticas de los EE.UU. para los Estadounidenses definen esto como hasta una bebida por día para las mujeres y dos bebidas por día para los hombres, y solo en el caso de adultos con edad legal para beber.

8. Hable con su médico o profesional de la salud acerca de dejar el consumo de tabaco y nicotina. Declare su hogar y automóvil libres de humo para eliminar la exposición al humo de segunda mano.

9. Siga las instrucciones de su médico cuando tome medicamentos recetados, especialmente opioides. Siempre guarde y deseche estos medicamentos de manera segura a fin de evitar su uso indebido. Siempre que le receten antibióticos, tómelos exactamente como se le indique. No tomar el curso completo puede llevar a resistencia a los antibióticos, un grave problema de salud pública, y no lo harán sentirse mejor si tiene un virus, como un resfriado o gripe.

10. Invierta en su salud mental controlando el estrés, durmiendo lo suficiente, haciendo ejercicio y buscando ayuda de un profesional de la salud mental cuando la necesite.

Si no tiene seguro de salud, la AMA lo anima a inscribirse para obtener cobertura en healthcare.gov, que tiene opciones nuevas y asequibles. La fecha límite de inscripción para la cobertura de 2023 es el 15 de enero de 2023. Encuentre más recursos de salud en ama-assn.org. Para un 2023 saludable y más allá, invierta en su bienestar con estas resoluciones de Año Nuevo recomendadas por los médicos.

HOW DO YOU KNOW BLOOD DONATIONS ARE SAFE?

¿CÓMO SABEMOS QUE LAS DONACIONES DE SANGRE SON SEGURAS?

BPT

Every two seconds, someone in the United States (U.S.) needs blood. A single donation can save lives. However, only 3% of eligible Americans give blood each year.

"When you give blood, you're giving the gift of life," said Simone Glynn, M.D., chief of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Blood Epidemiology and Clinical Therapeutics Branch. "You aren't just helping patients in critical care, but also those dealing with blood disorders."

For the person doing the giving, you can be assured that you are doing a great thing, Glynn said. But if you're the person receiving, can you trust that the blood you're getting is safe?

Glynn said it's a very important question. For 30 years, NHLBI has funded programs and research aimed at keeping the nation's blood supply safe. One of these programs is NHLBI's Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study, or REDS program. The REDS program conducts research to evaluate and improve the safety of the nation's blood supply and the safety and effectiveness of transfusion therapies in children and adults. REDS is the largest research program of its kind in the U.S. It addresses potential emerging threats to the blood supply and serves as a resource for ongoing transfusion research. Because of programs like REDS, patients can have confidence that the blood they are receiving is safe.

Another major reason the blood supply is safe and trustworthy, Dr. Kamille WestMitchell of the National Institute of Health Clinical Center Blood Bank noted, "are the donor screening requirements that

blood donation sites have in place to ensure the safety of both donors and blood recipients." On the day a person shows up to give blood, some of the requirements they must meet are to:

* Be in good health - meaning that you feel well and can perform normal activities

* Have a healthy pulse and blood pressure

* Register a normal temperature - not a fever

* Meet their state's minimum age requirement

* Not have a low hemoglobin level

* Not have HIV, hepatitis, or risk factors for these infections and other blood transmissible infections

* Not have donated blood in the last 56 days

Once the person's blood leaves the donation site, it is carefully tested and screened for major known transfusiontransmissible agents such as HIV and hepatitis B and C to ensure it is safe, then stored at the right temperature before it is shipped where needed.

"Blood is always in demand because it's perishable. But the good news is most people can donate blood," West-Mitchell said. Finding a place to donate is simple, as there are blood donation sites in nearly every community. For more information about blood donation and safety, visit the NHLBI's Blood Diseases & Disorders Education Program at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ education/blood/donation.

BPT

los Estados Unidos, cada dos segundos una persona necesita sangre. Una sola donación puede salvar vidas. Sin embargo, solo el 3% de los estadounidenses elegibles dona sangre anualmente. "Cuando donamos sangre, estamos dando el regalo de la vida", aseguró la Dra. Simone Glynn, M.D., jefa de la Subdivisión de Epidemiología de la Sangre y Terapéutica Clínica del Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre (NHLBI, por su sigla en inglés). "No solo estamos ayudando a los pacientes de las salas de cuidados intensivos, sino también a aquellos que padecen trastornos sanguíneos".

En

Según la Dra. Glynn, la persona que dona puede estar segura de que está haciendo una buena obra. Pero si usted es el receptor de la donación, ¿puede confiar en que la sangre que está recibiendo es segura?

La experta del NHLBI reconoce que es una pregunta muy importante. Durante 30 años, el NHLBI ha financiado programas e investigaciones destinadas a mantener la seguridad del suministro de sangre de la nación. Uno de estos programas es el Estudio de Evaluación del Donante y Epidemiología del Receptor (REDS, por su sigla en inglés) del NHLBI. El mismo realiza investigaciones para evaluar y mejorar la seguridad del suministro de sangre de la nación, así como la seguridad y eficacia de las terapias de transfusión en niños y adultos. REDS es el programa de investigación más grande de su tipo en los Estados Unidos. Uno de sus objetivos es hacer frente a las posibles amenazas emergentes al suministro de sangre, y sirve además como un recurso para la investigación de las transfusiones en curso. Debido a programas como REDS, los pacientes pueden confiar en que la sangre que están recibiendo es segura.

Otra razón importante por la que el suministro de sangre es seguro y confiable, como señaló la Dra. Kamille West-Mitchell, del Banco de Sangre del Centro Clínico del Instituto Nacional de Salud, "son los requi-

sitos de detección de donantes que tienen los sitios de donación para garantizar la seguridad tanto de los donantes como de los receptores de sangre". Estos son algunos de los requisitos que se deben cumplir cuando una persona se presenta a donar sangre:

* Estar saludable, lo que significa que se siente bien y puede realizar actividades normales

* Tener un pulso y una presión arterial saludables

* Registrar una temperatura normal y no tener fiebre

* Cumplir con el requisito de edad mínima de su estado correspondiente

* No tener un nivel bajo de hemoglobina

* No tener VIH, hepatitis ni factores de riesgo de estas infecciones y otras infecciones transmisibles por la sangre

* No haber donado sangre en los últimos 56 días

Una vez que la sangre de la persona sale del sitio de donación, se examina cuidadosamente y se comprueba la ausencia de los principales agentes transmisibles por transfusión conocidos, como el VIH y la hepatitis B y C, para garantizar que sea segura, y luego se almacena a la temperatura adecuada antes de enviarla a donde se necesite.

"La sangre siempre está en demanda porque es perecedera. Pero la buena noticia es que la mayoría de las personas puede donarla", dijo West-Mitchell. Encontrar un lugar donde hacerlo es sencillo, ya que hay sitios de donación de sangre en casi todas las comunidades. Para obtener más información sobre la donación de sangre y la seguridad, visite el Programa de Educación sobre Enfermedades y Trastornos de la Sangre del NHLBI en www.nhlbi.nih. gov/education/blood/donation (en inglés).

Grace

ESPAÑOL

ESTO ES LO QUE NECESITAS SABER SOBRE LA NUEVA LEY DE TRANSPARENCIA SALARIAL DE CALIFORNIA

CalMatters

solo unos días las personas que buscan trabajo en California finalmente sabrán cuánto paga un trabajo cuando lo soliciten, si las empresas no encuentran una forma de eludir una nueva ley.

En

A partir del 1 de enero, los empleadores con al menos 15 trabajadores deberán incluir rangos de pago en las ofertas de trabajo. Los empleados también podrán solicitar el rango de pago para su propio puesto, y las empresas más grandes tendrán que proporcionar datos de pago más detallados al Departamento de Derechos Civiles de California que los requeridos anteriormente.

California no es el primer estado en obligar a las empresas a poner sus cartas sobre la mesa. Colorado dio ese paso en 2019 y en noviembre entró en vigor un requisito similar en la ciudad de Nueva York El estado de Washington tiene su propia versión que también entrará en vigor el 1 de enero, y el gobernador acaba de firmar un proyecto de ley estatal similar en Nueva York .

El objetivo de la ley de California es reducir las diferencias salariales raciales y de género. Pero la medida de la Ciudad de Nueva York tuvo un comienzo accidentado, con algunos empleadores publicando rangos amplios inútiles el primer día que la ley entró en vigor. Cuando Colorado implementó su ley a principios de 2021, algunas empresas publicaron trabajos remotos que, según dijeron, se podían realizar desde cualquier lugar de los EE.UU., excepto Colorado, eludiendo el requisito. Eso no estaba muy extendido; aproximadamente el 1% de las ofertas de trabajo remotas incluían una exclusión de Colorado, según un informe de The Atlantic.

Pero dado que California tiene casi 7 veces más personas que Colorado, según los datos del censo de EE.UU., excluir a los californianos en una lista de trabajo remota tendría un costo más alto.

“California es un gran centro económico”, dijo Lisa Wallace, cofundadora de Assemble, una plataforma de administración de compensaciones. “Simplemente no hay muchas industrias que no se verán afectadas por esto”.

¿Cuál es el rango de pago?

Esto es lo que los buscadores de empleo de California pueden esperar ver con más frecuencia en enero: $44 por hora para ser plomero en Berkeley; $18.38 – $28.51 por hora para un trabajo de asistente de maestro en Los Ángeles; $74,600 –$141,000 por año para un futuro analista de compensación en Davis. Si las empresas no agregan rangos, las personas pueden demandar o presentar una queja ante la Oficina del Comisionado Laboral, que puede emitir una multa de $100 a $10,000 por infracción. Las empresas que no tienen rangos de pago en las ofertas de trabajo no serán penalizadas por su primera infracción, siempre que agreguen la información.

Además de prepararse para publicar rangos salariales en las listas de empleos, las empresas que aún no tienen rangos salariales para los empleados actuales deben implementarlas y deben asegurarse de que no haya disparidades salariales basadas en la raza, el sexo u otras clases protegidas entre los empleados que realizan un trabajo sustancialmente similar, dijo Jacklin Rad, un abogado que asesora a los empleadores sobre las leyes laborales de California en Jackson Lewis, un bufete de abogados.

Las empresas están a punto de ver su salario escudriñado por candidatos y empleados, dijo Wallace, cofundador de la empresa de plataforma de compensación. “Es mejor que se asegure de tener una respuesta realmente sólida sobre por qué a un empleado se le paga menos”, que el rango publicado para un trabajo de apariencia similar, dijo. La nueva ley de California está descubriendo que muchas organizaciones han estado operando sin rangos de pago, dijo Wallace. Muchos de los primeros clientes de la compañía eran empresas de tecnología y biotecnología, dijo Wallace, pero desde que se promulgó el proyecto de ley, ha visto un mayor in-

terés de otros sectores, incluidos la fabricación y los servicios públicos.

Una pregunta que surgió inmediatamente cuando la ley de la ciudad de Nueva York entró en vigencia fue ¿qué tan amplio puede ser un rango de pago sin violar la ley? Algunas publicaciones incluían rangos en los que el extremo superior era aproximadamente $100,000 más que el extremo inferior.

La ley de California explica la escala salarial requerida como “el salario o rango de salario por hora que el empleador razonablemente espera pagar por el puesto”.

“Es realmente ambiguo”, dijo Rad, el abogado. “Muchos abogados que trabajan en esta esfera se preguntan: ‘Sabes, si el rango es demasiado amplio, ¿eso anula el propósito de la transparencia salarial?’”.

CalMatters se comunicó con la oficina del Comisionado Laboral, que está a cargo de hacer cumplir el componente de escala salarial de la ley. La oficina no puso a nadie disponible para ser entrevistado y no respondió a una lista detallada de preguntas sobre cómo se interpretará la ley.

Las agencias gubernamentales de California incluyen escalas salariales en las ofertas de trabajo y algunos de los rangos son amplios. El Departamento de Derechos Civiles, por ejemplo, recientemente publicó un puesto para un “Director Adjunto Asistente, Oficial de Datos de la Fuerza Laboral” con un rango de pago listado de $7,976 – $19,321 por mes, lo que se traduce en alrededor de $96,000 –$232,000 por año. Otro puesto, para un Consejero Jefe Adjunto en el Departamento de Derechos Civiles tenía un rango similar.

Los rangos de pago los establece la agencia de recursos humanos del estado, CalHR, y están influenciados por la negociación con los sindicatos, dijo Adam Romero, subdirector de programas ejecutivos del Departamento de Derechos Civiles de California. Esos dos puestos son “muy altos” y la mayoría de los puestos no tienen rangos de pago tan amplios, dijo Romero.

Reportando los datos de pago

El segundo componente importante de la nueva ley es que las empresas con 100 o más empleados tendrán que comenzar a reportar datos más detallados sobre lo que les pagan a los trabajadores al estado. Se basa en una ley de 2020 que requería que las empresas presentaran informes al Departamento de Derechos Civiles del estado desglosando cuántos empleados tienen en cada categoría de trabajo y banda salarial por sexo, raza y etnia. El objetivo era permitir que las agencias estatales identificaran las disparidades salariales de manera más eficiente y animar a las empresas a evaluar su propio salario.

Solicitudes para Concesiones Culturales

La Oficina de Asuntos Culturales de la Ciudad de San José (OCA) aceptará solicitudes para concesiones de tres programas culturales competitivos:

Las Concesiones Para Festivales, Desfiles, y Celebraciones (Festival, Parade and Celebration Grants [FPC]) proveen apoyo para festivales comunitarios, desfiles y celebraciones por parte de organizaciones no-lucrativas en San José. Eventos de recaudación de fondos no califican. La fecha límite es el 25 DE ENERO, 2023 a las 5:00 PM PST.

Las Concesiones Operativas (Operating Grants [OpG]) proveen apoyo general operativo a organizaciones de arte profesionales o semi-profesionales en San José con un presupuesto consistente arriba de los $50,000, y una temporada completa de programación de las artes. La fecha límite es el 2 DE FEBRERO, 2023 a las 5:00 PM PST.

Las Concesiones take pART proveen apoyo para actividades de arte abiertas al público por parte de organizaciones en San José. Eventos de recaudación de fondos y projectos de escuelas que benefician una escuela/distrito específico no califican. La fecha límite es el 6 DE FEBRERO, 2023 a las 5 PM PST.

Las reglas y solicitudes para los programas estarán disponible en la linea www. sanjoseculture.org. A las organizaciones interesadas se les anima a asistir a una serie de TALLERES PRE-SOLICITUD que tendrán lugar de esta manera:

FPC: 5 dic a las 5:30 PM a la Zoom.

OpG: 8 dic a las 10 AM PM a la Zoom.

take pART: 12 dic a las 12 PM a la Zoom.

Los talleres se llevarán a la Zoom. Vaya a este enlace para registrarse o ver las grabaciones del taller: https://bit.ly/sjartsgrants

Para más información llamar al 408-793-4347 (solo inglés)

Los informes se utilizan “en investigaciones individuales de denuncias de discriminación salarial u otro tipo de denuncias de violaciones de los derechos civiles contra los empleadores”, dijo Romero en el Departamento de Derechos Civiles. Los datos por sí solos no prueban que haya habido una violación de la ley, pero brindan contexto, dijo Romero. El Departamento de Derechos Civiles citó los datos de pago, por ejemplo, cuando demandó a Tesla por discriminación racial y acoso en febrero.

La ley que entrará en vigencia el 1 de enero requiere que los empleadores agreguen la tarifa por hora promedio y media para cada grupo demográfico dentro de cada categoría de trabajo e incluyan datos de pago para los contratistas.

“Realmente estamos tratando de arrojar más luz sobre esta creciente fuerza de trabajo en la sombra de los trabajadores por contrato”, dijo Mariko Yoshihara, directora de políticas de la Asociación de Abogados Laborales de California, que apoyó la nueva ley. Google, por ejemplo, tiene más trabajadores temporales y contratistas que empleados a tiempo completo, según los informes del New York Times. La nueva ley revelará cómo se compara el pago de los contratistas con el de los empleados de tiempo completo, dijo Yoshihara.

Una versión anterior de la nueva ley habría hecho públicos los datos de pago de cada empresa. Pero después de un intenso rechazo de los grupos empresariales, quienes dijeron que los datos no son una medida confiable de las disparidades salariales y que “plantearían a los empleadores para la crítica pública con informes incompletos y descontextualizados y crearían una falsa impresión de discriminación salarial donde no existe”. El proyecto de ley fue enmendado para mantener los informes privados. Si las empresas no envían sus datos de pago, el departamento de Derechos Civiles puede tomar medidas. Ya demandó a Michaels, la cadena de tiendas de artesanía, y a JP Morgan Chase Bank por no enviar los datos; ambas compañías llegaron a un acuerdo, pagando un total combinado de alrededor de $23,500 para cubrir los honorarios y

CALIFORNIA’S

LAW

Ina few days job seekers in California will finally know how much a job pays when they apply for it — if companies don’t figure out a way around a new law.

Starting on Jan. 1, employers with at least 15 workers will have to include pay ranges in job postings. Employees will also be able to ask for the pay range for their own position, and larger companies will have to provide more detailed pay data to California’s Civil Rights Department than previously required.

California isn’t the first state to force businesses to put their cards on the table. Colorado took that step in 2019, and a similar requirement went into effect in New York City in November. Washington state has its own version that will also kick in on Jan. 1, and a similar statewide bill in New York was just signed by the governor.

The goal of the California law is to reduce gender and racial pay gaps. But New York City’s measure had a bumpy start, with some employers posting unhelpfully wide ranges the first day the law was in place. When Colorado rolled out its law at the beginning of 2021, some companies posted remote jobs that they said could be done from anywhere in the U.S. — except Colorado — dodging the requirement. That wasn’t widespread; about 1% of remote job listings included a Colorado carveout, according to reporting in The Atlantic.

But since California has nearly 7 times as many people as Colorado, according to U.S. Census data, excluding Californians in a remote job listing would come at a higher cost.

“California’s just such a huge economic center,” said Lisa Wallace, co-founder of Assemble, a compensation management platform. “There just aren’t that many industries that are not going to be touched by this.”

What’s the pay range?

Here’s what California job seekers can expect to see more frequently come January: $44 an hour to be a plumber in Berkeley; $18.38-$28.51 an hour for an assistant teacher job in Los Angeles; $74,600 – $141,000 per year for a future compensation analyst in Davis. If companies aren’t adding ranges, people can sue or file a complaint with the Labor Commissioner’s Office, which can issue a penalty of $100 to $10,000 per violation. Companies that don’t have pay ranges in job postings won’t get penalized for their first violation, so long as they add the information.

In addition to preparing to post pay ranges in job listings, companies that don’t already have pay bands for current employees should put them in place, and they should make sure that there aren’t pay disparities based on race, sex, or other protected classes between employees doing substantially similar work, said Jacklin Rad, a lawyer who advises employers on California workplace laws at Jackson Lewis, a law firm.

Businesses are about to have their pay scrutinized by job candidates and employees, said Wallace, the compensation platform company co-founder. “You better make sure that you have a really strong answer for why an employee is paid less,” than the posted range for a similarlooking job, she said. The new California law is uncovering that a lot of organizations have been operating without pay bands, Wallace said. Many of the company’s earliest customers were tech and biotech businesses, Wallace said, but since the bill was signed into law she’s seen increased interest from other sectors, including manufac-

turing and utilities.

One question that arose immediately when New York City’s law went into effect was how wide can a pay range be without violating the law? Some postings included ranges where the high end was about $100,000 more than the low end.

California’s law explains the required payscale as “the salary or hourly wage range that the employ-

er reasonably expects to pay for the position.”

“It’s really ambiguous,” said Rad, the lawyer. “A lot of attorneys that work in this sphere ask themselves: ‘You know, if the range is too wide, then does that defeat the purpose of pay transparency?’”

CalMatters reached out to the Labor Commissioner’s office, which is charged with enforcing

the payscale component of the law. The office didn’t make anyone available to be interviewed, and did not respond to a detailed list of questions about how the law will be interpreted.

California government agencies include pay scales in job postings, and some of the ranges are large. The Civil Rights Department, for example, recently had a posting for an “Assistant Deputy Director, Workforce Data Officer” with a listed pay range of $7,976 – $19,321 per month, which translates to about $96,000 – $232,000 per year. Another posting, for a Deputy Chief Counsel at the Civil Rights Department had a similar range.

Pay ranges are set by the state’s human resources agency, CalHR, and are influenced by bargaining with unions, said Adam Romero, deputy director of executive programs at California’s Civil Rights Department. Those two positions are “very senior,” and most roles don’t have pay ranges that wide, Romero said.

Reporting pay data

The second major component of the new law is that businesses with 100 or more employees will have to start reporting more detailed data on what they pay workers to the state.

It builds on a 2020 law that required companies to submit reports to the state’s Civil Rights Department breaking down how many employees they have in each job category and pay band by sex, race, and ethnicity. The goal was to enable state agencies to identify wage disparities more efficiently, and to prompt companies to assess their own pay.

The reports are used “in individual investigations of complaints of pay discrimination or other types of complaints of civil rights violations against employers,” said Romero at the Civil Rights Department. The data on its own doesn’t prove there’s been a violation of the law, but it provides context, said Romero. The Civil Rights Department cited the pay data, for example, when it sued Tesla for race discrimination and harassment in February.

The law taking effect Jan. 1 requires employers to add median and mean hourly rate for each demographic group within each job category and include pay data for contractors.

“We are really trying to shine more light on this growing shadow workforce of contract workers,” said Mariko Yoshihara, policy director for the California Employment Lawyers Association, which supported the new law. Google, for example, has more temps and contractors than full-time employees, according to New York Times’ reporting. The new law will reveal how contractors’ pay compares to that of full-time employees, Yoshihara said.

An early version of the new law would have made each company’s pay data public. But after intense pushback from business groups — who said the data is not a reliable measure of pay disparities and that it would “set up employers for public criticism with incomplete, uncontextualized reports and create a false impression of wage discrimination where none may exist” — the bill was amended to keep the reports private.

If companies don’t submit their pay data, the Civil Rights department can take action. It sued Michaels, the craft store chain, and JP Morgan Chase Bank for not submitting the data; both companies settled, paying a combined total of about $23,500 to cover the department’s fees and costs.

Downtown for the Holidays. The tradition returns with some new twists.

HERE’S WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT

NEW PAY TRANSPARENCY

STUDY: PAID FAMILY LEAVE IN CALIFORNIA KEEPS WOMEN IN JOBS

For women with spouses who have serious medical issues, access to paid family leave reduces the likelihood that they leave work, according to a new study

LA LICENCIA FAMILIAR PAGADA EN CALIFORNIA MANTIENE A LAS MUJERES EN SUS TRABAJOS, SEGÚN NUEVO ESTUDIO

ENGLISH ESPAÑOL

If you work in California and your sister is undergoing cancer treatments, or your spouse gets knee surgery, you might be able to get paid while you take time off work to care for them.

It’s a less well-known part of California’s paid family leave benefit, which also covers new parents who leave work to care for and bond with their babies. Although the number of Californians, especially women, using paid leave for reasons beyond new babies has soared in the past two decades, still roughly six times more use paid family leave to care for new children than use it to take care of seriously ill family members

While there’s broad support for giving new parents paid time off — a benefit that doesn’t exist across the U.S. — there’s less consensus around paid leave to care for ill family members. At the same time, research on the effects of paid family leave for anyone besides new parents has been limited.

A new study published December 12, though, finds that access to paid family leave decreases the likelihood that women leave their job if their spouse has serious health issues.

Researchers at Wellesley College and Stanford University looked at data for thousands of healthy, employed adults who had either a child undergoing surgery or hospitalization, or a spouse who had a health condition or a cognitive limitation and also had a major health event. They compared outcomes for people in California, New York, and New Jersey before and after those states passed paid family leave, and also compared them to people in other states that lack family leave.

Women with spouses who had health issues saw the largest benefit. While all women were working at the outset, after their spouses had surgery or were hospitalized, roughly 10% of women left their jobs.

But, the study found, access to paid family leave more than halved the rate at which they left work. “We were surprised at how big this effect was,” said Maya Rossin-Slater, a health economist at Stanford and one of the paper’s authors.

Rossin-Slater has seen the benefit play out in her own life: her mother has taken paid leave twice for family caregiving purposes. Once was about 10 years ago, when Rossin-Slater herself had surgery, and the second time was more recently to care for Rossin-Slater’s uncle, who had cancer. “In fact, she was going to retire but then she decided to not retire and instead use paid family leave,” Rossin-Slater said of her mom.

The study’s finding was concentrated among women with 12 or fewer years of education. Many women without college education work in lowpaying jobs that don’t offer paid family leave benefits, Rossin-Slater said, so “in the absence of having a state-level program, these women by and large are left to kind of fend for themselves.”

Paid family leave didn’t have a meaningful impact on whether men stayed in their jobs if their spouses with a health condition had a major health event. Regardless of whether they had access to paid family leave, less than half of 1% of men in the study reported leaving their job to care for a family member or their home, Rossin-Slater said. “Just very few men do that, and so perhaps then it's not surprising that (paid family leave) doesn't really affect them,” she said.

Priyanka Anand, a health economist at George Mason University who has also studied the impacts of paid family leave, said she liked the research, particularly because it focuses on nonparental uses of paid leave, which has gotten little

attention from researchers. There are strengths to the data the researchers used, she said, but one drawback is a relatively small number of people who actually had access to paid family leave: While more than 2,700 healthy spouses were in the sample, only 237 of them had access to paid family leave.

Some people are hesitant to take leave because they’re worried they might lose their job, or that they’ll be the first to go in future layoffs, or they’ll get passed over for raises or promotions, said Christina Irving, director of client services at San Francisco-based Family Caregiver Alliance.

In 2020, state lawmakers expanded job protections for people who take leave. Now, if you work at a company with five or more employees and meet work hour requirements, you can take unpaid leave to take care of a family member and be legally protected from losing your job. Previously, job protections generally covered people working at companies with at least 50 people at or near the worksite. Many people get both job protection and some pay during their leave, but the laws providing those two benefits are separate.

“Generally, folks are very concerned about how they can make sure that they keep their jobs,” said Katherine Wutchiett, a senior staff attorney at Legal Aid at Work, a San Francisco non-profit that provides legal services to low-income workers. “If they have a spouse who's facing a long term disability and will be out of work, they might be the sole source of income for their family for the first time, making it all that more important that they're able to keep their job,” she said.

More change is coming in 2025, when lowerincome workers will get to keep 90% of their paycheck when they take paid family leave. Currently, workers get 60% to 70% of their wages when they take leave. Advocates pushed for the increase, saying that many low income workers couldn’t afford to take leave when it came with a large pay cut.

Another barrier to getting paid family leave is understanding what you’re eligible for and how, exactly, to get the benefits. Legal Aid at Work runs a hotline for people who have questions about paid leave and other workplace accommodations, or need help with the process. It gets over 1,000 calls per year, according to Wutchiett.

Some version of paid family leave has been in place for nearly two decades. Yet, there's still a need for lawyers who can help people through the process, said Rossin-Slater. That reflects negatively on how the program is being run, she said. “Ideally, people shouldn't have to turn to a lawyer in order to be able to just access this benefit.”

Grace Gedye CalMatters

Sitrabaja en California y su hermana se somete a tratamientos contra el cáncer, o su cónyuge se somete a una cirugía de rodilla, es posible que pueda recibir un pago mientras se toma un tiempo libre para cuidarlos.

Es una parte menos conocida del beneficio de licencia familiar pagada de California, que también cubre a los nuevos padres que dejan el trabajo para cuidar y vincularse con sus bebés. Si bien la cantidad de californianos, especialmente mujeres, que utilizan la licencia pagada por razones que van más allá de los bebés se ha disparado en las últimas dos décadas, todavía aproximadamente seis veces más usan la licencia familiar pagada para cuidar a los nuevos niños que para cuidar a miembros de la familia gravemente enfermos.

Si bien existe un amplio apoyo para otorgar a los nuevos padres tiempo libre pagado, un beneficio que no existe en los EE.UU., hay menos consenso sobre el permiso pagado para cuidar a familiares enfermos. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación sobre los efectos de la licencia familiar pagada para cualquier persona además de los nuevos padres ha sido limitada. Sin embargo, un nuevo estudio publicado el 12 de diciembre encuentra que el acceso a la licencia familiar remunerada disminuye la probabilidad de que las mujeres dejen su trabajo si su cónyuge tiene problemas de salud graves.

Investigadores del Wellesley College y la Universidad de Stanford analizaron los datos de miles de adultos que tenían un hijo que se sometió a una cirugía u hospitalización, o un cónyuge que tenía una afección de salud o una limitación cognitiva y también tuvo un problema de salud importante. Compararon los resultados de las personas en California, Nueva York y Nueva Jersey antes y después de que esos estados aprobaran la licencia familiar pagada, y también los compararon con personas en otros estados que no tienen licencia familiar.

Las mujeres con cónyuges que tenían problemas de salud vieron el mayor beneficio. Si bien todas las mujeres estaban trabajando al principio, después de que sus cónyuges se sometieron a una cirugía o fueron hospitalizados, aproximadamente el 10% de las mujeres dejaron sus trabajos.

Pero, según el estudio, el acceso a la licencia familiar pagada redujo a más de la mitad la tasa a la que dejaron el trabajo. “Nos sorprendió lo grande que fue este efecto”, dijo Maya Rossin-Slater, economista de salud de Stanford y una de las autoras del artículo.

Rossin-Slater ha visto cómo se manifiestan los beneficios en su propia vida: su madre se ha tomado una licencia pagada dos veces para cuidar a la familia. Una vez fue hace unos 10 años, cuando la propia RossinSlater se sometió a una cirugía, y la segunda vez fue más recientemente para cuidar al tío de Rossin-Slater, que tenía cáncer. “De hecho, se iba a jubilar, pero luego decidió no jubilarse y, en cambio, usar la licencia familiar pagada”, dijo Rossin-Slater sobre su madre.

El hallazgo del estudio se concentró entre las mujeres con 12 o menos años de educación. Muchas mujeres sin educación universitaria trabajan en trabajos mal pagados que no ofrecen beneficios de licencia familiar remunerada, dijo Rossin-Slater, por lo que "en ausencia de un programa a nivel estatal, estas mujeres en general se ven obligadas a valerse por sí mismas". para ellos mismos."

La licencia familiar pagada no tuvo un impacto significativo sobre si los hombres permanecían en sus trabajos si sus cónyuges con una condición de salud tenían un problema de salud importante. Independientemente de si tenían acceso a una licencia familiar remunerada, menos de la mitad del 1% de los hombres del estudio informaron haber dejado su trabajo para cuidar a un familiar o su hogar, dijo Rossin-Slater. “Muy pocos hombres hacen eso, así que tal vez no sea sorprendente que (la licencia familiar pagada) realmente no los afecte”, dijo.

Priyanka Anand, economista de salud de la Universidad George Mason que también ha estudiado los impactos de la licencia familiar pagada, dijo que le gustó la investigación, particularmente porque se enfoca en los usos no parentales de la licencia pagada, que ha recibido poca atención por parte de los investigadores. Los datos que usaron los investigadores tienen puntos fuertes, dijo, pero una desventaja es un número relativamente pequeño de personas que en realidad tenían acceso a la licencia familiar pagada: mientras que más de 2,700 cónyuges sanos estaban en la muestra, solo 237 de ellos tenían acceso a permiso familiar pagado.

Algunas personas dudan en tomar una licencia porque les preocupa perder su trabajo, ser los primeros en ser despedidos en el futuro o ser ignorados para aumentos o promociones, dijo Christina Irving, directora de servicios al cliente en Family Caregiver Alliance con sede en San Francisco.

En 2020, los legisladores estatales ampliaron las protecciones laborales para las personas que toman licencia. Ahora, si trabaja en una empresa con cinco o más empleados y cumple con los requisitos de horas de trabajo, puede tomar una licencia sin goce de sueldo para cuidar a un familiar y estar legalmente protegido contra la pérdida de su trabajo. Anteriormente, las protecciones laborales generalmente cubrían a las personas que trabajaban en empresas con al menos 50 personas en el lugar de trabajo o cerca de él. Muchas personas obtienen protección laboral y algo de pago durante su licencia, pero las leyes que brindan esos dos beneficios están separadas.

“En general, la gente está muy preocupada sobre cómo pueden asegurarse de mantener sus trabajos”, dijo Katherine Wutchiett, abogada principal de Legal Aid at Work, una organización sin fines de lucro de San Francisco que brinda servicios legales a trabajadores de bajos ingresos. “Si tienen un cónyuge que enfrenta una discapacidad a largo plazo y se quedará sin trabajo, podría ser la única fuente de ingresos para su familia por primera vez, lo que hace que sea aún más importante que puedan mantener su trabajo", aseguró.

Se avecinan más cambios en 2025, cuando los trabajadores de bajos ingresos podrán quedarse con el 90% de su cheque de pago cuando tomen un permiso familiar pagado. Actualmente, los trabajadores obtienen del 60% al 70% de sus salarios cuando toman licencia. Los defensores presionaron por el aumento, diciendo que muchos trabajadores de bajos ingresos no podían darse el lujo de tomar una licencia cuando se trataba de un gran recorte salarial.

Otra barrera para obtener la licencia familiar pagada es comprender para qué es elegible y cómo, exactamente, obtener los beneficios. Legal Aid at Work tiene una línea directa para las personas que tienen preguntas sobre la licencia paga y otras adaptaciones en el lugar de trabajo, o que necesitan ayuda con el proceso. Reciben más de 1,000 llamadas al año, según Wutchiett. Cierta versión de la licencia familiar pagada ha estado vigente durante casi dos décadas. Sin embargo, todavía se necesitan abogados que puedan ayudar a las personas durante el proceso, dijo Rossin-Slater. Eso se refleja negativamente en cómo se está ejecutando el programa, dijo. “Idealmente, las personas no deberían tener que recurrir a un abogado para poder acceder a este beneficio”.

L.A. 'TRASH CLUB' HELPS UNHOUSED PEOPLE AND THE COMMUNITY

Ona late August morning, the Echo Park Trash Club approached an underpass below Los Angeles' 101 Freeway. Months earlier, the city had dismantled a homeless encampment located there during one of its routine sweeps. It was the Trash Club's first return to the site since its residents had come back to and set up tents on the median between opposing lanes of traffic on Silver Lake Boulevard and in the alcoves where the bridge above intersected with the sloping hillside. Erin Fein, the club's founder, and the 20-some volunteers came to help clear the encampment of trash - a necessary hygiene service that also helps the community avoid another sweep. They approached the residents, introducing themselves and offering to take any trash they wanted to get rid of. One resident joined the cleanup, sweeping disintegrated pieces of Styrofoam and broken CDs into a dustpan. Two others joined the group photo at the end of the morning.

The environmental movement started with picking up trash. On April 22, 1970, schools and community groups held trash cleanups all across the U.S. Fifty years later, during the COVID-19 shelter-in-place order, the Echo Park Trash Club began bringing together neighbors for the very same activity - but with new significance in the midst of worsening housing and climate crises. The group uses cleanups not only to beautify their neighborhood but also to support its unhoused community, whose trash buildup can result in encampments being dispersed, or "swept."

Trash buildup is a key factor in the city's decision to sweep encampments, according to club volunteers, sanitation department workers and housing activists. While the city justifies sweeps on hygiene grounds, they also displace residents, pushing them out of the shelters they rely on to mitigate the effects of extreme heat and weather. The sudden dispersal leaves housing-insecure communities even more exposed to the effects of Southern California's increasingly hot, and increasingly unpredictable, climate.

Isolated in her studio apartment in spring 2020, Fein thought of the idea of a trash pickup group to simultaneously address increasing trash in her neighborhood and build community in a socially-distant way. When she put an initial post on the social media network NextDoor, "it exploded with comments." Others in her community were also worried about the aesthetic aspect of trashfilled streets and its broader environmental impacts, such as the possibility of toxic trash like cigarette butts ending up in the ocean.

During the club's first pickups, Fein used her own car to bring the filled trash bags back to her apartment dumpster. Others started to help her ferry and unload the trash, but what Trash Club members really wanted was the city's support. They started, in Fein's words, "a heavy-duty campaign" of emailing the city to request a sanitation department truck at their cleanups. They went weeks without a response, but one day, a truck showed up. "We were like, huh, that garbage truck is just sitting there," said Fein. They approached the driver. "Is there any chance you're here for Echo Park Trash Club?" they asked. The driver said he was.

Once they had a truck regularly coming to the Sunday morning pickups, Fein expanded the club's efforts to collect trash at the neighborhood's homeless encampments.

Between 2018 and 2020, homelessness in Los Angeles climbed 32%. Other cities in the West saw similar increases, a symptom of rapidly increasing housing costs and the defunding of social services. Currently, there are an estimated 41,980 unhoused people in LA.

In Echo Park - as in many other neighborhoods - gentrification is part of the reason that many have ended up without housing. At the end of the 1990s, housing prices in the once working-class, majority-Latino neighborhood increased by 50% in three years Today, the neighborhood's median home value is $1.5 million.

"It's getting gentrified, so it's pushing people into corners - there are sometimes 50 or 100 people living in one place. That creates

El Día de los Tres Reyes Magos

a massive amount of trash," said Joe Rodriguez, one of the garbage truck drivers who often takes a Trash Club shift. Rodriguez started his career in Los Angeles Sanitation and Environment's homeless cleanup branch, working as a maintenance laborer for five years before becoming a driver. He said that trash often built up so much at encampments that they had to use an excavator to remove it.

Tensions around Echo Park's unhoused community came to a head in March 2021, when the city of LA shut down a large encampment at Echo Park Lake, the neighborhood's central green space. The encampment had formed during the pandemic, when the city was not enforcing its anti-camping laws. As word of an impending sweep spread, protesters came to the community's defense. But on March 24, 400 police officers entered the park to evict the encampment's remaining residents, whose numbers had dwindled from around 200 to fewer than 20 as warnings circulated. In the process, they arrested 182 protesters - including some Echo Park Trash Club members - and detained at least 20 journalists.

Though it was uniquely high-profile, the Echo Park Lake sweep wasn't a singular event: The city of LA undertakes multiple sweeps daily throughout the city. These involve multiple city agencies, including the departments of sanitation, homeless services and police, and are hectic. The Los Angeles police department and the department of sanitation close the area with barrier tape, and "once they do that, you can't go back in, so people will be rushing to get their things," said UCLA sociology graduate student Sam Lutzker. "It's a big issue in terms of losing documents and medicines."

Just two weeks after the August pickup, Los Angeles experienced a record-breaking heat wave. Unhoused people were some of those most acutely affected by the extreme weather. Addressing housing and environmental crises most meaningfully requires addressing them in tandem. Reducing the urban heat island effect and providing cooling centers, for instance, helps all city residents mitigate and adapt to climate change - but especially those who are directly exposed to the ambient weather. And to keep encampment trash from building up, some cities have created initiatives to pay unhoused residents for trash collection, simultaneously employing those in need of work and keeping the city clean.

Now studying for a master's degree in psychology, Fein hopes that Echo Park Trash Club can be part of restructuring sweeps to center encampment residents' health, hygiene and sanitation needs, including trash pickup and mobile showers. "If they were led by gentle people with mental healthrealm experience, they could do it in a helpful way: provide lunch, put belongings into tubs, clean the area and then set it back up together," she said.

Rodriguez said Fein has already made a difference. "Trash Club is a big accomplishment for the city," he said. "It's hard to do as much as Erin has done. I hope people piggyback on her work."

Caroline Tracey wrote this article for High Country News.

When spring hits, Kelsey Scott finally breathes a sigh of relief. Come May, her 120 cows will be ready to birth calves, and as the weather warms, Scott knows the newest members of the herd will be able to grow strong before the arrival of another unforgiving South Dakota winter. While winters test the herd's resilience, snow on the soil actually protects the soil's microbes, small critters, and plant root systems that support the cattle's larger ecosystem. As Scott says, she's just as interested in the life above ground as she is in the life below it: A healthy soil biome underlies all farming.

Scott is deeply invested in maintaining healthy soil. She is the fourth generation of her family to ranch the land along the Missouri River east of the Cheyenne River Reservation, and the 125th generation of Lakota peoples to steward the land.

Everything on Scott's ranch, DX Beef, is done a little bit more slowly than one might see on a conventional ranch: Cattle graze rotationally on 14 different permanent pastures across 7,000 acres of land. Because her cows aren't treated with any antibiotics or chemicals, she and other ranch hands regularly check on the cow dung to make sure it looks healthy; if it doesn't, cattle are removed from the herd and treated individually.

While some might praise regenerative agriculture as a new advent, the techniques are older than the U.S. itself. These foodways are based on ancient movements now touted under new names: regenerative agriculture, permaculture, farm-to-table, and eating local. But the land theft that built ranching businesses is one of the main reasons Native peoples were killed, disenfranchised, and separated from traditional foodways in the first place.

It's not lost on Scott that the ranchers getting most of the credit for sustainable techniques are those newest to the land. Native farmers, who have long been pushed to the margins, want newcomers to the world of non-industrial food production to know there's nothing novel about caring for the land that grows our food.

"It's not a new discovery," Scott says. "It's just a late discovery for some that are a lot

DECOLONIZING REGENERATIVE CATTLE RANCHING

more confident in using it as a marketing approach."

Colonialism via Cattle

Cattle, specifically, can help tell the story of colonization of Native peoples on Turtle Island. Ranching was one of the reasons settlers and colonizers began to claim land from Native peoples west of the Mississippi in the mid-1800s, according to Ryan Fischer, a visiting assistant professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, River Falls, and the author of the book Cattle Colonialism: An Environmental History of the Conquest of California and Hawai'i.

Fischer says there are no cattle native to this land. Spanish and English colonizers brought them to the U.S. Bison, which are native to the U.S., maintained the Midwest's rich ecologies and supported the diets and cultural practices of Scott's Cheyenne ancestors. But bison nearly went extinct because of settlers' desire to turn Native land into ranchland.

By the mid-1800s, the construction of railways and refrigerated train cars made beef more readily available and affordable. Later, federal officials found that unused fertilizer from WWII munitions could be used to boost corn production, which helped justify the creation of factory farms and introduced beef to an even broader market of consumers.

Around the same time, Scott's ancestors were removed from their ancestral river with the signing of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, which created dams as a means of "flood control." Scott remembers being told stories of this from her grandparents and great-grandparents; the

history of cattle colonialism is still recent.

But thanks to Scott's work, the land, and the community, is healing.

So while Scott would like to raise bison, these animals need thousands of acres and many years to roam before being ready to slaughter. In today's agricultural economy, she can't make a living off them.

"We just can't do it the way that our ancestors intended for us due to larger systemically oppressive realities that we're navigating in the development and evolution of what our future food systems are going to look like," she says.

Cattle, she's found, are a decent alternative; their hooves roughly resemble those of bison, which means DX Beef cows can help break down soil nutrients. Because she doesn't use chemicals, the animal waste can naturally fertilize the land in the way bison used to.

After processing, about 90% of the finished beef is sold

in the two counties nearest the ranch. The direct-toconsumer business model means Scott is able to offer beef raised on the same land her customers themselves interact with. She's also been able to address some of the food-access challenges that peoples living on the Cheyenne River Reservation face by bringing healthy options directly to them.

In this way, Scott says her business is "an expression of resiliency amongst a system that disregarded the functioning relationship that we had in agricultural production prior to colonial impact."

Cross-Cultural Collaboration

Agriculture practices that prioritize soil health and honor an inherent relationship between cattle and the land are increasingly seen as an environmentally sustainable alternative to industrial farming. Raised this way, cattle can create a thriving habitat for soil phytonutrients, support the growth of native grasses, and result in beef that some

say is tastier than the industrial alternative.

This system of farming practices, broadly referred to as regenerative agriculture, only accounts for 10% of farms and ranches today, but the numbers are slowly increasing, according to Ryan Siwinski, an organic livestock and dairy consultant for the Rodale Institute, a research and advocacy organization in the organic food movement.

As the movement grows, he says regenerative agriculture is showing consumers, who have long been told that meat consumption is inherently harmful, that the environmental impact has everything to do with the way cattle is raised.

Enrique Salmon, a professor in the department of ethnic studies at Cal State East Bay, is hopeful the larger ranching and farming community will listen to the lessons of Indigenous ranchers and support their leadership in the growing field of regenerative agriculture. He cites a centuries-old system of water management that's been so integrated in New Mexican culture that many forget it was imported by the Spanish-a story not so dissimilar from that of cattle.

Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, 19 Pueblo tribes relied on a system of water sharing based on irrigation from rivers, streams, and tributaries, but limited transport of water meant Pueblo peoples mainly hunted and gathered their food. This changed after the Spanish introduced the Pueblo tribes to a watermanagement technique that remains in use today, and acequias, or gravity-fed canals, turned the desert into arable land.

More importantly, acequias increased Pueblo peoples' ability to farm and grow food without losing their traditional practices. "If those guys could do it, we can figure out other ways for that kind of collaboration to happen," Salmon says.

Raising Climate Resilience

Western science is now backing Indigenous knowledge that eating locally is best for personal and environmental health. But Spanish and English colonizers brought cattle to the U.S., meaning there are no cattle native to this land.

Still, so-called heritage breeds can be a key tool for climate resiliency, according to Jeannette Beranger, a senior program manager at The Livestock Conservancy, an organization dedicated to raising, sustaining, and saving breeds of livestock whose populations are threatened by industrial agriculture.

Even though many of the breeds supported by the Conservancy aren't native to the U.S., the genetic diversity they offer can be critical to staving off disease and illness, which industrial agriculture practices are exacerbating with a high usage of antibiotics, pesticides, and other chemicals. With a reliance on breeds of marketable animals, like standard broiler chickens that gain weight quickly, monoculture industrial agriculture threatens to eclipse the cultural and culinary value of other breeds.

Once breeds that are less profitable or more difficult to raise-in other words, breeds that aren't well-suited for the factory setting-are gone, they're gone forever.

The Conservancy helps build a community of like-minded ranchers and support a wealth of resources for raising uncommon breeds. But these kinds of organizations and the business platform they offer ranchers aren't necessarily easily accessed by Native farmers and ranchers.

Scott, for her herd, does not raise "heritage" cattle. Instead, she favors the Black Angus, because she can intentionally incorporate traits from other breeds that create a herd able to endure climate change's hotter summers and colder winters.

"We have this inherent desire to be connected to the production of our food systems, and we're going to do that in whatever way that we can," Scott says.

HORÓSCOPO 2023

ARIES

El planeta Júpiter regirá tu destino de principio a fin durante el 2023. Es una muy buena noticia para tu sector financiero, tendrás la oportunidad de crecer en muchos aspectos de tu vida. Situaciones inconclusas han de resolverse con prontitud. Seguirás brillando y alcanzando sueños. Cuida tu dinero y no realices gastos innecesarios, porque los últimos cuatro meses del año serán inciertos financieramente. Habrá sorpresas en el amor y contarás con buena salud.

Números de la suerte: 3-11-24-25-34-56

TAURO

El año iniciará con buena suerte para ti, especialmente en el trabajo y en el sector familiar. Muchas de tus metas y proyectos arribarán a buen puerto. Tendrás que ser más cauteloso con tus finanzas porque en mayo y en agosto pueden surgir muchos gastos inesperados. Durante los meses de la primavera se resolverá una situación legal, al mismo tiempo lograrás sanar de un padecimiento físico o emocional. El planeta Júpiter visitará tu signo trayendo consigo buenas nuevas y bendiciones.

Números de la suerte: 11-12-33-44-4567

GÉMINIS

Existen personas que se han alejado de tu camino y situaciones que han llegado a su epílogo, aún no lo has entendido pero desde que el año de inicio, te darás cuenta que todo ha sucedido por tu bien. En el 2023 valórate y quiérete más, eres un ser dotado de una inteligencia superior, úsala para mejorar tu vida y tu alrededor. Pensabas que estabas enamorado, sin embargo; este año pondrá ante ti a la persona ideal, quien te hará plenamente feliz.

Números de la suerte: 5-14-20-30-4469

CÁNCER

El 2023 será un año de crecimiento para ti en todos los sentidos, tendrás la oportunidad de liberarte de ataduras que no te dejaban progresar. Tu economía observará una mejora considerable, pero debes de ser cauteloso a la hora de gastar o invertir, ya que los últimos cuatro meses serán muy inestables en cuanto a las finanzas se refiere. Muchos nativos de este signo serán felices en el amor. Dale un mantenimiento adecuado a tu cuerpo, ejercítate con frecuencia y disfruta de todas las bendiciones que tienes.

Números de la suerte: 9-11-22-28-59-60

LEO

Durante este año disfrutarás de mayor tranquilidad, tu vida se volverá más serena y apacible. Por fin comprendiste que tu mal carácter ocasional no te lleva a ningún sitio. Harás las pases con seres queridos y disfrutarás cada momento feliz que la vida te regale. Un sufrimiento del pasado dejará de afectarte. Tu economía se mantendrá a flote, pero debes tener cuidado en el mes de agosto ya que el planeta Venus estará retrógrado en tu signo. Ese milagro que esperas se materializará muy pronto.

Números de la suerte: 19-22-23-43-54-65

VIRGO

Inicia un nuevo año que trae consigo la realización de un sueño largamente acariciado. Por fin se estabilizará tu situación económica y al mismo tiempo lograrás superar obstáculos en el sector de amor y de matrimonio. En enero, mayo y en septiembre, tu planeta regente estará retrógrado, por lo tanto debes actuar con cautela y no tomar decisiones precipitadas en esos periodos. Lograrás destacar en tu profesión y cosas que antes te molestaban simplemente dejarán de existir.

Números de la suerte: 15-28-30-38-40-41

LIBRA

Este año 2023 será más productivo para ti en el sector laboral, es probable que recibas un aumento o que surja una oportunidad de ascenso. La energía del año nuevo te hará surgir como una persona más optimista que lucha por superarse cada día. Algunas relaciones afectivas pueden pasar por un momento tenso especialmente en enero, mayo y agosto. Lo que es bueno para ti se quedará. Lograrás resolver situaciones relacionadas a trámites y documentos. Contarás con un atractivo especial.

Números de la suerte: 21-31-42-52-6064

ESCORPIÓN

El 2023 trae muy buenas noticias para ti, especialmente para tu bolsillo. Es presagio que viene en camino una bendición financiera para ti. Por otro lado, tendrás la hermosa misión de obrar maravillas y proezas en la vida de otras personas. Tu energía estará llena de bondad y de buenos sentimientos. Analiza con detenimiento cualquier inversión o negocio que quieras realizar. De enero a julio será un tiempo de progreso, pero de agosto a septiembre sé cauteloso y ahorrativo.

Números de la suerte: 6-26-37-38-39-40

SAGITARIO

La fe que siempre te ha caracterizado, hará que este año 2023 sea fructífero para ti. Tu situación económica tenderá a mejorar durante la primera mitad del año. Debes aprovechar ese lapso para economizar, porque el último trimestre estará lleno de altibajos. Se resolverá el pendiente legal que te mantiene con preocupación, ya que todo será resuelto a tu favor. Es probable que amores del pasado resurjan durante la primavera. Si te cuidas como es debido, tu salud te lo agradecerá.

Números de la suerte: 13-17-21-27-41-47

CAPRICORNIO

En este año 2023 lograrás liberarte de problemas y de viejos desencantos, la vida te parecerá más serena y apacible. El trabajo te dará muchas satisfacciones. Es probable que enfrentes algún problema de salud o padecimiento respiratorio durante los primeros meses del año. Si te atiendes con prontitud, éste será sanado totalmente. Viajes y paseos estarán en tu agenda durante todo el año. Ten precaución durante los meses de agosto y septiembre, ya que en ese lapso puedes tomar decisiones que no te favorecerán.

Números de la suerte: 4-18-23-25-31-39

ACUARIO

En este 2023 será un año que te devolverá la alegría de vivir, Saturno hizo un buen trabajo en tu vida durante los últimos dos años. Ocurrieron cambios significativos y ahora eres una persona más feliz y más progresista. Si buscas un nuevo amor, éste pronto llegará a tu camino. Este año traerá cosas buenas en tu vida afectiva. Ahorra y economiza porque durante la segunda mitad del año, ocurrirán altibajos financieros que nos afectarán a todos.

Números de la suerte: 10-11-21-31-44-55

PISCIS

El planeta Saturno hará acto de presencia en tu signo a inicios de la primavera, ocurrirán cambios y mudanzas imprevistas. Los designios de esta planeta auguran un tiempo de karma y de evolución. Todo aquello que no te convenga será apartado de tu vida de manera abrupta. Este aspecto planetario ocurre cada treinta años, indudablemente tu vida será mucho mejor que antes. Habrá lecciones y también recompensas.

Números de la suerte: 7-27-30-40-6265

A TASTE OF HOME: HOW ETHNIC GROCERY STORES CREATE COMMUNITY

UN SABOR A HOGAR: CÓMO LAS TIENDAS DE COMESTIBLES ÉTNICAS CREAN COMUNIDAD

With

the holidays here, the pace has picked up in ethnic grocery stores across the country, as immigrants shop for the foods and spices that remind them of family and home.

For many immigrants, the first place they feel welcome and accepted is not necessarily where they live, but the place they buy the ingredients for their first home-cooked meal, reunite with people from their culture, and revisit their grandmother's cooking or their favorite childhood street food.

Michelle Chen, a journalist who has studied markets across the United States, said they are far more than just a place for food and ingredients.

"Beyond the actual inventory and the specific retail offerings, often these stores are a gathering place for people," Chen observed. "They have a particular cultural role in the community just because they've been there for so long and they sort of help anchor the community."

Chen also has firsthand experience with how markets operate, as the daughter of immigrants who run a Chinese goods store.

While her work has spanned the country, Chen singled out one place, called La Palma, a so-called "Mexicatessen" in San Francisco's Mission District, where she said the owner worries about his store's future in the current economic climate. She noted if La Palma closes, a cultural gathering place will go with it.

"The owner told me that they're probably one of the final businesses that is still left from the era in

which they were founded," Chen recounted. "The store actually began in the 1950s, and there really aren't that many stores that have that vintage in the Mission District. They're sort of a cultural landmark in that sense."

The first migrant grocery stores opened in the 19th and early 20th centuries on the East Coast to serve the influx of people arriving from other countries.

Michelle Chen wrote the original version of this story for Yes! Magazine.

Broadcast version by Mark Moran for California News Service reporting for the Solutions Journalism Network-Public News Service Collaboration

Conlas vacaciones aquí, el ritmo se ha acelerado en las tiendas de comestibles étnicas de todo el país, ya que los inmigrantes compran alimentos y especias que les recuerdan a su familia y su hogar.

Para muchos inmigrantes, el primer lugar en el que se sienten bienvenidos y aceptados no es necesariamente el lugar donde viven, sino el lugar donde compran los ingredientes para su primera comida casera, se reencuentran con personas de su cultura y vuelven a visitar la cocina de su abuela o su comida de la calle favorita de la infancia.

Asegure el futuro de su familia: conviértase en propietario de vivienda

Ser propietario de una vivienda es una excelente manera de proteger el futuro financiero de su familia. Union Bank® puede ayudarle a encontrar la hipoteca adecuada para usted:

• Descubra opciones de pago inicial desde tan solo el 3%

• Reciba subvenciones de asistencia para el pago inicial de 9000 USD a 12000 USD sin que se requiera una devolución de la subvención1

• Aproveche las precalificaciones rápidas2

• Disfrute de tasas de interés competitivas

Llame al 888-459-4729 hoy mismo para comenzar a construir su legado.

"Más allá del inventario real y las ofertas minoristas específicas, a menudo estas tiendas son un lugar de reunión para las personas", observó Chen. "Tienen un papel cultural particular en la comunidad solo porque han estado ahí durante tanto tiempo y ayudan a anclar la comunidad".

Chen también tiene experiencia de primera mano sobre cómo funcionan los mercados, como hija de inmigrantes que administran una tienda de productos chinos.

Si bien su trabajo se ha extendido por todo el país, Chen destacó un lugar, llamado La Palma, un llamado "Mexicatessen" en el Distrito de la Misión de San Francisco, donde dijo que el propietario se preocupa por el futuro de su tienda en el clima económico actual. Señaló que si La Palma cierra, un lugar de reunión cultural se irá con ella.

"El propietario me dijo que probablemente sea uno de los últimos negocios que quedan de la época en que se fundaron", relató Chen. "La tienda en realidad comenzó en la década de 1950, y realmente no hay muchas tiendas que tengan esa antigüedad en el Distrito de la Misión. Son una especie de hito cultural en ese sentido".

Las primeras tiendas de comestibles para inmigrantes abrieron en el siglo 19 y principios del siglo 20 en la costa este para atender la afluencia de personas que llegaban de otros países.

Michelle Chen escribió la versión original de esta historia para Yes! Revista. Versión de transmisión de Mark Moran para el servicio de noticias de California que informa para Solutions Journalism NetworkPublic News Service Collaboration

Préstamos sujetos a aprobación de crédito y garantía. No todos los programas de préstamos están disponibles en todos los estados para todos los montos de préstamos. Los términos y condiciones están sujetos a cambios.

1 La asistencia proporcionada se considera un ingreso gravable y estará sujeta a la emisión de 1099-MISC al prestatario. El prestatario debe consultar a su profesional de impuestos para conocer las implicaciones fiscales.

2 No es un compromiso de préstamo. La precalificación se basa en la información proporcionada por el consumidor. Se debe enviar información adicional para su revisión y aprobación.

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JOBS

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Multimedia Animator: M.S. in Interactive Entertainment plus 1year work experience required. Send resumes to: Striking Distance Studios, Inc., 6111 Bollinger Canyon Rd., Ste. 150, San Ramon, CA 94583, Attn: J. Yosenick

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 690711

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Cascos Ligeros, 1009 E Capitol Expy #419, San Jose, CA 95121, Santa Clara County This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Joselyn Sapien, 2770 Othello Ave, San Jose, CA 95122. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Joselyn Sapien This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/06/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Sandy Chanthasy, Deputy File No. FBN 690711

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 691005

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: S.A. Landscape 12800 Sycamore Ave, San Martin, CA 95046, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s)

is (are): Sabina Lopez Segundo, 12800 Sycamore Ave, San Martin, CA 95046. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 5/21/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Sabina Lopez This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/21/2022. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 691005

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690076

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: POSTAL ANNEX t4U, 5655 Silver Creek Valley Rd, San Jose, CA 95138, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Bay Area Logistics and Services Inc, 4989 Lyng Dr, San Jose, CA 95111. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 11/10/2021. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts form previous filing] of previous file #:

Notification of Grant Proposal, East Side Union High School District

El distrito de escuelas preparatorias del East Side Union está introduciendo una propuesta de subvención para uso de los fondos de aprendizaje del siglo XXI a nombre de las siguientes escuelas preparatorias: Andrew Hill, Yerba Buena, James Lick y WC Overfelt. Este es un proceso competitivo. Los beneficiarios de la subvención recibirán $250,000 por escuela durante 5 años para ser usados en programas extracurriculares y oportunidades de enriquecimiento.

FBN690242. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Bikram Jeet Bay Area Logistics and Services Inc CFO

Article/Reg#: 4852920 Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/20/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 690976

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690672

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Willow Glen Hair Salon 2306 Almaden Rd #102, San Jose, CA 95125, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Che, Tran Ngoc, 14025 Buckner Dr, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 05/01/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this

statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Che, Tran Ngoc This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/05/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690672

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690961

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: CASAS TRANSPORT INC, 740 Dailey Ave, San Jose, CA 95123, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): CASAS TRANSPORT INC, 740 Dailey Ave, San Jose, CA 95123.

The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN637493. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is

Certified Caregiver for a 94 year old non ambulatory female with dementia. 6 to 7 days per week 10am to 10pm. Location: Los gatos. Salary commensurate with experience. Please call at (831) 655-3655.

Se busca Cuidador Certificado para una mujer de 94 años no ambulante con demencia. 6 a 7 días por semana 10am a 10pm. Lugar: Los gatos. Salario acorde a la experiencia. Llame al (831) 655-3655.

guilty of a crime.) /s/ Jose Casas Avlla CASAS TRANSPORT INC Owner

Article/Reg#: 4583557

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/19/2022. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 690961

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW

CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV404430

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Kiarash Ahi INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Kiarash Ahi has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Kiarash Ahi to Kevin Kiarash Ahi 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least

two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 02/14/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Dec 28, 2022

Zhou 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 05/02/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Dec 28, 2022

to Beluan Duong 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 05/02/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 27, 2022

Jacqueline

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

ORDER

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

TO SHOW

CAUSE

FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV409141

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Yuanteng Zhou

INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Yuanteng Zhou has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Tank Yiyan Zhou to Hank Yiyan

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE

FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV409035

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Be L Duong INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Be L Duong has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Be L Duong AKA Beluan Thi Duong AKA Be Luan Thi Duong

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 22CV409049

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Cheng Hsin Wang INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Cheng Hsin Wang has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Cheng Hsin Wang to Celia

Chenghsin Wang 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 05/02/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Dec 27, 2022

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR

CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV403174

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Linda Hle Yang INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Linda Hle Yang has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Linda Hle Yang to Charley Hle Yang 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all

persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 01/24/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Sep 16, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 20, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690959

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: ON STICK, 4636 Armour Dr, Santa Clara, CA 95054, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Ramon Perez, 4636 Armour Dr, Santa Clara, CA 95054. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed

above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Ramon Perez

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/19/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 690959

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690907

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Isabel Cleaning Company, 1344 Sandalwood Ct, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Ma Isabel Lozano-Solorio, 1344 Sandalwood Ct, San Jose, CA 95127.

The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Ma Isabel LozanoSolorio

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/15/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690907

December 23, 30,

2022; January 06, 13, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690844

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Roman King Remodeling 3254 Fallen Oak Ct, San Jose, CA 95148, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Manuel Arenal Roman, 3254 Fallen Oak Ct, San Jose, CA 95148. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 12/12/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Manuel Arenal Roman

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/12/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690844

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS

NAME STATEMENT NO. 690877

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: PHO HA NOI, 969 Story Road, Suite 6048, San Jose, CA 95122, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): HANOI BISTRO, 969 Story Road, Suite 6048, San Jose, CA 95122. The registrant began trans-

acting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 11/18/2015. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Harrison Ut Nguyen HANOI BISTRO President

Article/Reg#: 3844239 This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/14/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 690877

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/11/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 15, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/04/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 08, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 01/17/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 06, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

ORDER

TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV408430

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Marieme Chang Bouguerba INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Jeffrey Bradly Bouguerba has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Jeffrey Bradly Bouguerda to Jake Bradley Bouguerba 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV407931

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Zahra Azimi Parsi INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Zahra Azimi Parsi has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Zahra Azimi Parsi to Heeva Parsi 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing

AMENDED ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV401867

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Pok Ye Kim INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Pok Ye Kim has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree

changing names as follows: a. Pok Ye Kim to Pok Ye Chang 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE

OF NAME NO. 22CV403159

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Dominique Richie INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Domonique Richie has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Zyaire Richie to Zyaire Amari Richie b. Taraji Richie to Taraji Rechelle Richie 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing

to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 01/24/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Sep 15, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR

CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV408428

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Mehdi Zandi Fard INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Mehdi Zandi Fard has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Mehdi Zandi Fard to Ash Zandi 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the

LEGALS

petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/11/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 15, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW

CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV403607

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Carolina Espinoza INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Carolina Espinoza has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Carolina Espinoza to Carolina Hernandez Espinoza 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the

petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 01/24/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Sep 29, 2022 Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 13, 2023

Notice of Petition to Administer Estate of JACQUELINE LOPEZ Case No. 22PR192802

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of JACQUELINE LOPEZ. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by ERNESTINE L. BELONG in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. 3. The Petition for Probate requests that ERNESTINE L. BELONG be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent.

4. The petition requests the decedent’s will and codicils, if any, be admitted to probate. The will and any codicils are available for examination in the file kept by the court. 5. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal

representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: January 12, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 5, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7. If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8. If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either: 1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or 2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file

with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available from the court clerk.

10. Attorney for Petitioner: Gerald W. Cummings 1030 E. El Camino Real #426 Sunnyvale, CA 94087 (408)615-8930

December 23 and 30, 2022 and January 6, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690805

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: ALPHA MOBILITY SPECIALIST, 1466 Jefferson St, Santa Clara, CA 95050, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Isaiah Plascencia, 232 Avenida Pinos, San Jose, CA 95123. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 12/03/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Isaiah Plascencia This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/09/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 690805

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690784

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: FONTIS GROUP , 750 University Ave, Suite 275, Los Gatos, CA 95032, Santa Clara County This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): OZOBON, INC, 750 University Ave Suite 275, San Jose, CA 95032. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 01/01/2022.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Bryan Russell CEO

OZOBON, INC Article/Reg#: 3567826

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/09/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690784

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690799

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: LA PESCA BLUE, 15529 Union Ave, Los Gatos, CA 95032, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Alfa & Omega TS, INC, 17446 Belletto Dr, Morgan Hill, CA 95037. The

registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 12/09/2022. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FFBN670122. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Sergio Lopez Alfa & Omega TS, INC President Article/Reg#: 5170243

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/09/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690799

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690834

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: REVEAL BABY 3D CONCIERGE ULTRASOUND, 109 Edelen Ave, Los Gatos, CA 95030, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Sandra Rocio Lopez, 109 Edelen Ave, Los Gatos, CA 95030. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 12/12/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Sandra Rocio Lopez This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/12/2022. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 690834

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 690826

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: IOX REALTY MORTGAGE, 1754 Technology Dr Ste # 120B, San Jose, CA 95110, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): IOX REALTY, 1754 Technology Dr Ste #120B, San Jose, CA 95110. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 11/11/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/

Article/Reg: 5331809

Above entity was fomed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/12/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 690826

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME

STATEMENT NO. 690760

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: LILO + ZEE, LILO & ZEE, 1267 Johnson Ave, San Jose, CA 95129, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Margot Kimura, 1267 Johnson Ave, San Jose, CA 95129.

The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Margot Kimura This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/08/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690760

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

STATEMENT OF ABANDONMENT OF USE OF FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME NO. 690797

The following person(s) has / have abandoned the use of the fictitious business name(s): Mariscos Xalos, 2650 Alum Rock, San Jose CA, 95116. Filed in Santa Clara County on 02/04/2020 under file no. FBN683197.

ANGELOUS TS ENTERPRISES INS, 17446 Belleto Dr, Morgan Hill CA, 95037. This business was conducted by: A Corporation. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true

information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Sergio Lopez

This statement was filed with the Co. Clerk Recorder of Santa Clara County on 12/09/2022. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder By: /s/ Sergio Lopez, Deputy File No. FBN690797

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

AMENDED ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV402083

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Isaac Barajas INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Isaac Barajas has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Isaac AguayoMartinez Raymond to Isaac Raymond Barajas 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 1/17/23 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy

of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 13, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR

CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV407748

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Kim Thuy Nguyen INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Kim Thuy Nguyen has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Kim Thuy Nguyen to Nubia Nguyen 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 03/28/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show

cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 05, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR

CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV408167

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Injung Kang INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Injung Kang has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Seungwon Han to Nathan Seungwon Han 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/04/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published

at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 12, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 22CV404981 Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Priya Devadasan INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Priya Devadasan has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Devika Vinuraj to Vaiga Vinuraj 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 02/21/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for

four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Oct 20, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

ORDER

four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Dec 08, 2022

Jacqueline

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Nov 17, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

TO

SHOW CAUSE FOR

CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV407931

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Zahra Azimi Parsi IN-

TERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Zahra Azimi Parsi has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Zahra Azimi Parsi to Heeva Parsi 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/04/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 22CV406825

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Gloria Sanchez INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Sanchez has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Maria Gloria Cruz AKA Gloria Cruz Esquivel AKA Gloria Sanchez to Gloria Sanchez 2. THE

COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 03/14/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 22CV408194

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Chul Min Kang INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Chul Min Kang has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Chul Min Kang to James Chulmin Kang 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/04/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for

four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. Dec 12, 2022

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

December 16, 23, 30, 2022; January 06, 2023

Notice of Petition to Administer Estate of JOHN D. ROGERS, JR.

Case No. 21PR193640

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of JOHN D. ROGERS, JR. JOHN D. ROGERS. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by JOSEPH D. DERMER, DERMER LAW FIRM, APC in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. 3. The Petition for Probate requests that JOSEPH D. DERMER, DERMER LAW FIRM

APC be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. 4. The petition requests the decedent’s will and codicils, if any, be admitted to probate. The will and any codicils are available for examination in the file kept by the court. 5. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived

notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: January 30, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 5, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7. If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8. If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either: 1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or 2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available

from the court clerk.

10. Attorney for Petitioner: Joseph D. Dermer Dermer Law Firm 15720 Winchester Blvd., Suite 200 Los Gatos, CA 95030 (408)395-5111

December 16, 23, 30, 2022

Notice of Petition to Administer

Estate of Richard A. GarciaCase No. 21PR193689

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of Richard A. Garcia, Richard Garcia. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by Kristofer GarciaMason in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. 3.

The Petition for Probate requests that Kristofer Garcia-Mason be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. 4. The petition requests the decedent’s will and codicils, if any, be admitted to probate. The will and any codicils are available for examination in the file kept by the court. 5. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition

and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: February 01, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 13, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7. If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8.

If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either: 1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or 2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available from the court clerk. 10. Attorney for Petitioner: Shahram Miri 80 Gilman Ave Suite 27 Campbell, CA 95008 (408)866-8382

December 16, 23, 30, 2022

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 690606

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: CRUZ MECHANIC, 455 Kuehno Dr Apt 23, Campbell, CA 95008, Santa Clara County This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Miguel Angel Correa Cruz, 455 Kuehno Dr Apt 23, Campbell, CA 95008. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.) /s/ Miguel Correa This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/01/2022. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 690606

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690532

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: TONYHADYMAN, 3397 Mount McKinley Dr, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Anonio F Moya, 3397 Mount McKinley Dr, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business

under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 11/28/2022. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.) /s/ Antonio F Moya This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 11/28/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 690532

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690704

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: ZAMORA PRODUCT ENGINEERING, 339 Crest Dr, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): LUCIANO G ZAMORA, 339 Crest Dr, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Luciano G Zamora

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 12/06/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 690704

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690387

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: NAM’s Fencing, 2601 Nuestra Castillo Ct #5303, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Norman Arely Mejia, 2601 Nuestra Castillo Ct 5303, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 09/10/22. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Norman Arely Mejia Vasquez

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 11/18/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 690387

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 690588

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Genesis Clean Services 556 Hellyer Ave, San Jose, CA 95111, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Rocio Trujillo Franco, 556 Hellyer Ave, San Jose, CA 95111. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on

11/30/2022. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN689415. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Rocio Trujillo Franco This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 11/30/2022.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Sandy Chanthasy, Deputy File No. FBN 690588

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

ORDER

TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV407563

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Chin Pang Chang INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Chin Pang Chang has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Chin Pang Chang to Andy Chang

2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the

petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 03/28/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Dec 01, 2022

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

Notice of Petition to Administer Estate of JOHN D. ROGERS, JR.Case No. 21PR193640

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of JOHN D. ROGERS, JR. JOHN D. ROGERS. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by JOSEPH D. DERMER, DERMER LAW FIRM, APC in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. 3.The Petition for Probate requests that JOSEPH D. DERMER, DERMER LAW FIRM APC be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. 4. The petition requests the decedent’s will and codicils, if any, be admitted to probate. The will and any codicils are available for examination in the file kept by the court. 5. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval.

Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: January 30, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 5, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7 If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8. If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either: 1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or 2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal

of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available from the court clerk.

10. Attorney for Petitioner: Joseph D. Dermer Dermer Law Firm 15720 Winchester Blvd., Suite 200 Los Gatos, CA 95030 (408)395-5111

December 9, 16, 23, 2022

NOTICE OF DEATH

OF Edie Arnold Criner

To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may otherwise be interested in the will or estate, or both of Edie Arnold Criner, who was a resident of Santa Clara County, State of California, and died on September 15, 2022, in the City of San Jose, County of Santa Clara, State of California.

IF YOU ARE A CREDITOR or a contingent creditor of the deceased, you must file your claim within four months from the date of first publication with the DERMER LAW FIRM, 15720 Winchester Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Gatos, California 95030 (408) 395-5111

Joseph D. Dermer, Esq.

DERMER LAW FIRM

15720 Winchester Blvd., Ste 200 Los Gatos, CA 95030 Tel (408) 395-5111 Fax (408) 354-2797

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

NOTICE OF DEATH

OF Celso Castaniada

To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may otherwise be interested in the will or estate, or both of Celso Castaniada, who was

a resident of Santa Clara County, State of California, and died on October 26, 2022, in the City of San Jose, County of Santa Clara, State of California.

IF YOU ARE A CREDITOR or a contingent creditor of the deceased, you must file your claim within four months from the date of first publication with the DERMER LAW FIRM, 15720 Winchester Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Gatos, California 95030 (408) 395-5111

Joseph D. Dermer, Esq.

DERMER LAW FIRM

15720 Winchester Blvd., Ste 200 Los Gatos, CA 95030 Tel (408) 395-5111 Fax (408) 354-2797

December 9, 16, 23, 30, 2022

RISE IN MENTAL-ILLNESS ISSUES SEEN IN HOLIDAY SEASON

Public News Service

Although

the holidays are one of the happiest times of the year, people with mental illness may not see it the same way.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, 31% of adults said they expect to feel more stress this holiday season compared with last year, which could lead to feelings of depression and anxiety.

Experts find being around family at the holidays can introduce numerous triggers for a psychological episode.

Dr. Sharon McLennon-Wier, executive director of the Center for Independence of the Disabled-New York, described what some triggers might be.

"Some triggers can be too much alcohol, too much drug consumption around the holidays," pointed out. "Folks who say that they don't necessarily have plans or say that they don't necessarily celebrate, or say that they like being alone during the holidays."

She noted asking about whether a person doesn't celebrate the holidays for a religious reason is important. McLennon-Wier added the holidays also can be a trigger for those dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder, which the National Institute of Mental Health said affects millions of Americans.

While mental health has become less stigmatized in recent years, McLennon-Wier explained there are plenty of reasons why people might not take care of their mental health, including culture, a lack of mainstream information about it, and the notion people are weak if they take care of their mental health.

"People need to understand that a lot of our emotions are indicative of our level of hormones that do control our level of interaction and engagement with people," McLennon-Wier emphasized.

She added it could be part of a biochemical problem, which may need to be handled with medication. In her experience, McLennon-Wier has observed the holidays can make people question their self-worth or fixate on a career achievement which has not been met. Other triggers she finds are financial problems.

According to a 2021 survey by the American Psychiatric Association, affording gifts at the holidays was a large source of stress for people.

Mantenerte cerca de tus raíces hace que tu salud lorezca

AUMENTAN ENFERMEDADES MENTALES EN TEMPORADA DE FESTIVIDADES

"Algunos desencadenantes pueden ser demasiado alcohol, demasiado consumo de drogas durante las fiestas. Personas que dicen que no necesariamente tienen planes o no celebran, o dicen que les gusta estar solos durante las fiestas," explico la entrevistada.

Señala que es importante preguntar si una persona no celebra las fiestas por motivos religiosos. McLennonWier agrega que las festividades también pueden ser un desencadenante para quienes padecen el Trastorno Afectivo Estacional, que según el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental afecta a millones de estadounidenses.

Si bien la salud mental se ha vuelto menos estigmatizada en los últimos anos, McLennon-Wier encuentra que hay muchas razones por las que las personas podrían no cuidar su salud, incluida la cultura, la falta de información general al respecto y la noción de que las personas son débiles si cuidan su salud mental.

Aunque

las festividades de fin de año son una de las épocas más felices, las personas con enfermedades mentales no lo ven de la misma manera.

Según la Asociación Estadounidense de Psiquiatría, el 31 % de los adultos dicen que esperan sentir más estrés en esta temporada de festividades en comparación con el año pasado. Esto podría conducir a sentimientos de depresión y ansiedad.

Los expertos encuentran que estar cerca de la familia durante las festividades puede presentar numerosos factores desencadenantes de un episodio psicológico.

"La gente necesita entender que muchas de nuestras emociones son indicativas de nuestro nivel de hormonas que controlan nuestro interacción y compromiso con las personas," añadió también McLennon-Wier.

Ella agrega que esto podría ser parte de un problema bioquímico que puede necesitar ser tratado con medicamentos. Según su experiencia, McLennon-Wier siente que las festividades hacen que las personas se cuestionen su autoestima o que no hayan alcanzado un logro profesional.

Otros desencadenantes que encuentra son los problemas financieros. Según una encuesta de 2021 realizada por la Asociación Estadounidense de Psiquiatría, pagar regalos en las fiestas fue una gran fuente de estrés para las personas.

El Center For Elders’ Independence ayudarte a florecer con nuestro plan de salud PACE, servicios personalizados que ayudan a las personas mayores a vivir seguros e independientes en casa, porque en casa es donde tu salud florece.

Las personas de 55 años o más, que viven con una ondición de salud, pueden confiar en nuestros cuidados médicos, dentales y para la vista. Además, servicios adicionales como transporte, gimnasio, actividades en grupo y más. Todo sin deducibles.

Llama al 844-326-1150 o visita Elders.org y descubre si calificas para PACE

REDEPLOY ILLINOIS: A MODEL FOR JUVENILE JUSTICE REFORM

INFORME: NUEVA YORK MANTIENE BIEN ASEGURADOS A LOS NIÑOS

...pero aumenta la tasa de no asegurados

Redeploy

Illinois is a communitybased alternative to incarceration, which keeps kids in their home communities.

For decades, most youthful offenders in Illinois were sent to juvenile detention. But 17 years ago, state officials decided there is a better way to help kids headed down the wrong path.

The program, considered a model for other states, evaluates the young person's life situation and provides social services to prevent further brushes with the law.

George Timberlake, a retired judge and former chair of the Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission, who was active in developing the program, said it benefits the youth, their family and the community.

"It has been successful, not only to not make things worse for the kid in the justice system, but also to actually improve the chances that kid wasn't going to simply learn how to be a crook in prison," Timberlake explained.

Since 2005, Redeploy Illinois has provided services to more than 4,800 young people and their families with measurable results. And by this year, commitments to juvenile facilities were down by 65%.

Timberlake pointed out the kids who enter the juvenile justice system often struggle with such issues as poverty, substance use, mental health challenges or trauma, which can all contribute to risk-taking or criminal behavior.

"There is much more upfront assessment of, 'What do we have here?' And there's much more of saying to the offender, not, 'What did you do?' But, 'What happened to you?' That kid's history is the most important thing that we can discover through assessment," Timberlake noted.

Timberlake added the previous hardline approach to juvenile offenders used to mean a stretch in jail. But he argued, in most cases, it did not solve the problem, and often made it worse.

"I don't care what they did, it's, 'Wait a minute, I'm in prison at this time.' That changes a young person's attitude, beliefs and approach to the world," Timberlake contended. "We can do better than that."

Encomparación con la mayoría de los estados, Nueva York está haciendo un buen trabajo para garantizar que los niños tengan cobertura médica, según dice un nuevo informe.

El Centro para Niños y Familias de la Universidad de Georgetown encuentra que la tasa de niños sin seguro en el estado de Nueva York

AVISO DE AUDIENCIAS PÚBLICAS Y REUNIONES PARA LA SEXTA ENMIENDA SUSTANCIAL AL PLAN DE ACCIÓN ANUAL DEL AÑO FISCAL 2019-2020

LA CIUDAD DE SAN JOSÉ ESTÁ PROPONIENDO UNA SEXTA ENMIENDA SUSTANCIAL A SUS PLANES DE ACCIÓN ANUALES EN EL AÑO FISCAL 2019-2020. ESTE AVISO PROPORCIONA UN CALENDARIO DE AUDIENCIAS PÚBLICAS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA LA REVISIÓN Y LOS COMENTARIOS DEL PÚBLICO.

La Sexta Enmienda Sustancial propuesta que actualiza el PAA del año fiscal 2019-2020 aprobado por la Ciudad. El período de comentarios para la Enmienda Sustancial va del 14 de enero de 2023 al 14 de febrero de 2023. Esto proporciona una oportunidad para la aportación del público.

Los PAA rigen el uso de los fondos federales del Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos. Los fondos que la ciudad recibe por fórmula del HUD incluyen la Subvención en Bloque para el Desarrollo de la Comunidad (CDBG), la Subvención para Soluciones de Emergencia (ESG), las Asociaciones de Inversión en el Hogar (HOME) y las Oportunidades de Vivienda para Personas con SIDA (HOPWA). Los fondos de fórmula de la Ciudad tienen un promedio de aproximadamente $14 millones anuales, dependiendo del presupuesto federal. El desarrollo de estos Planes se nutre en gran medida de los comentarios del público

Si desea proporcionar comentarios sobre la modificación del Plan, la Ciudad agradece su asistencia a cualquiera de las reuniones que figuran en el calendario que se presenta a continuación. Además, los comentarios pueden proporcionarse por teléfono, por correo ordinario (a City of San José Housing Department, 200 E. Santa Clara Street, 12th Floor, San José, California 95113) o por correo electrónico a través de la información de contacto que se indica a continuación, tanto para las personas de habla inglesa como para las que tienen un dominio limitado del inglés. El borrador de las Enmiendas Sustanciales estará disponible para comentarios públicos en el sitio web del Departamento de Vivienda desde el 14 de enero de 2023 hasta el 14 de febrero de 2023.

Para solicitar adaptaciones especiales para cualquiera de las reuniones o un formato alternativo de cualquier material impreso relacionado, llame al (408) 294-9337 (TTY) lo antes posible, pero al menos tres días hábiles antes de la reunión. Todas las reuniones públicas son accesibles para las personas con problemas de movilidad. Programa de audiencias públicas Qué Quién

Publicación de las enmiendas sustanciales propuestas al PAA del año fiscal 2019-2020 Inicio del período de comentarios públicos de 30 días

Audiencia pública y aprobación de la enmienda sustancial al Plan de Acción Anual del año fiscal 2019-2020

Audiencia pública y aprobación de la enmienda sustancial al Plan de Acción Anual del año fiscal 2019-2020

Consulte el sitio web del Departamento de Vivienda, http://www. sanjoseca.gov/housingconplan para encontrar copias electrónicas, o llame al (408) 793-5542 o al (408) 294-9337 (TTY) para obtener copias en papel

Housing and Community Development Commission (Comisión de Vivienda y Desarrollo Comunitario)

Ciudad de San José - Vivienda 200 E. Santa Clara St. Piso 12 (Torre)

Dónde Cuándo

Período de comentarios públicos: 14 de enero de 2023 – 14 de febrero de 2023

fue de 2.6% el año pasado.

Sin embargo, se trata de un ligero aumento a partir de 2019 - y hay preocupaciones acerca de mantener los números bajos.

Bridget Walsh, del Centro Schuyler para el Análisis y la Defensa, señala que las disposiciones federales puestas en marcha durante la pandemia todavía están proporcionando fondos para la cobertura de Medicare para niños.

Ella dice que grupos como el suyo han estado trabajando para hacerlos más permanentes.

"Los defensores han estado hablando de la idea de la inscripción continua", dice Walsh. "Que un niño que reciba Medicaid o Child Health Plus permanezca inscrito hasta que cumpla 6 años."

Walsh afirma que es importante, para que, en sus primeros años, los niños tengan acceso a revisiones, vacunas y otros servicios médicos.

Añade que a menudo pierden su cobertura en el momento de las renovaciones, por lo que cualquier cosa que el estado pueda hacer para facilitar el proceso mantendrá a más niños asegurados.

A nivel nacional, más de cuatro millones de niños no tienen seguro médico, aunque 210,000 niños más recibieron cobertura entre 2019 y 2021.

Reunión en línea - agenda / enlace de Zoom: https://www.sanjoseca.gov/ your-government/departments/housing/about-us/ housing-community-development-commission/agendasminutes/-fsiteid-1

Consejo Municipal de San José Ayuntamiento de San José 200 E. Santa Clara Street

Reunión en línea - https:// www.sanjoseca.gov/news-stories/watch-a-meeting

9 de febrero de 2023, a partir de las 5:45 p. m.

14 de febrero de 2023, a partir de la 1:30 p. m.

Las fechas de las reuniones pueden estar sujetas a cambios. Consulte en http://www.sanjoseca.gov/housingconplan para ver las actualizaciones.

INFORMACIÓN DE CONTACTO:

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Walsh dice que más niños podrían perder esa cobertura cuando la emergencia de salud pública por pandemia expire en unos meses. Ella dice que hay medidas que los estados pueden tomar para mantener a los niños asegurados.

"El estado puede mirar a algunos de los otros estados que han seguido adelante con una exención federal," apunta Walsh. "Que es básicamente pedir permiso al gobierno federal para utilizar Medicaid de una manera que nos permita hacer la elegibilidad continua para los niños."

Además de COVID, los niños de Nueva York se han visto bombardeados por la temporada de gripe y el aumento de los casos de R-S-V.

Por eso, Walsh dice que cuantas más familias puedan conservar su seguro médico, mejor.

AIRE MÁS SEGURO ADENTRO, COVID AFUERA

Construya un ventilador con filtro y otras formas fáciles de mejorar el aire interior en su negocio sccphd.org/AireInterior

¿Por qué?

Muchos de los virus se propagan fácilmente en los interiores

La ventilación ayuda a prevenir la propagación de los virus como el COVID y la gripe, especialmente durante los días festivos, cuando más personas visitan su negocio.

Proteja a sus empleados y clientes contra el COVID y la gripe.